Total pharmaceutical services provided to the public through community pharmacies.
Hospital department responsible for the receiving, storing, and distribution of pharmaceutical supplies.
Facilities for the preparation and dispensing of drugs.
Total pharmaceutical services provided by qualified PHARMACISTS. In addition to the preparation and distribution of medical products, they may include consultative services provided to agencies and institutions which do not have a qualified pharmacist.
Those persons legally qualified by education and training to engage in the practice of pharmacy.
The expected function of a member of a particular profession.
The practice of compounding and dispensing medicinal preparations.
Formal instruction, learning, or training in the preparation, dispensing, and proper utilization of drugs in the field of medicine.
Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling administrative activities associated with the provision and utilization of clinical pharmacy services.
Persons who perform certain functions under the supervision of the pharmacist.
Educational programs designed to inform graduate pharmacists of recent advances in their particular field.
Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of pharmacy.
Medicines that can be sold legally without a DRUG PRESCRIPTION.
Statistical measures of utilization and other aspects of the provision of health care services including hospitalization and ambulatory care.
The functions and activities carried out by the U.S. Postal Service, foreign postal services, and private postal services such as Federal Express.
The term "United States" in a medical context often refers to the country where a patient or study participant resides, and is not a medical term per se, but relevant for epidemiological studies, healthcare policies, and understanding differences in disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and health outcomes across various geographic locations.
Assistance in managing and monitoring drug therapy for patients receiving treatment for cancer or chronic conditions such as asthma and diabetes, consulting with patients and their families on the proper use of medication; conducting wellness and disease prevention programs to improve public health; overseeing medication use in a variety of settings.
Educational programs for pharmacists who have a bachelor's degree or a Doctor of Pharmacy degree entering a specific field of pharmacy. They may lead to an advanced degree.
The use of COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS to store and transmit medical PRESCRIPTIONS.
Insurance providing for payment of services rendered by the pharmacist. Services include the preparation and distribution of medical products.
Postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations.
Individuals enrolled in a school of pharmacy or a formal educational program leading to a degree in pharmacy.
Directions written for the obtaining and use of DRUGS.
Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive health services provided for individuals in the community.
Laws and regulations, pertaining to the field of pharmacy, proposed for enactment or enacted by a legislative body.
Errors in prescribing, dispensing, or administering medication with the result that the patient fails to receive the correct drug or the indicated proper drug dosage.
Drugs whose drug name is not protected by a trademark. They may be manufactured by several companies.
The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.
Drugs that cannot be sold legally without a prescription.
The amount that a health care institution or organization pays for its drugs. It is one component of the final price that is charged to the consumer (FEES, PHARMACEUTICAL or PRESCRIPTION FEES).
The self administration of medication not prescribed by a physician or in a manner not directed by a physician.
Practical experience in medical and health-related services that occurs as part of an educational program wherein the professionally-trained student works outside the academic environment under the supervision of an established professional in the particular field.
Review of claims by insurance companies to determine liability and amount of payment for various services. The review may also include determination of eligibility of the claimant or beneficiary or of the provider of the benefit; determination that the benefit is covered or not payable under another policy; or determination that the service was necessary and of reasonable cost and quality.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
A province of Canada, lying between the provinces of Alberta and Manitoba. Its capital is Regina. It is entirely a plains region with prairie in the south and wooded country with many lakes and swamps in the north. The name was taken from the Saskatchewan River from the Cree name Kisiskatchewani Sipi, meaning rapid-flowing river. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1083 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p486)
Interactions between health personnel and patients.
The utilization of drugs as reported in individual hospital studies, FDA studies, marketing, or consumption, etc. This includes drug stockpiling, and patient drug profiles.
Description of pattern of recurrent functions or procedures frequently found in organizational processes, such as notification, decision, and action.
The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Aid for consistent recording of data such as tasks completed and observations noted.
Services providing pharmaceutic and therapeutic drug information and consultation.
Formal relationships established between otherwise independent organizations. These include affiliation agreements, interlocking boards, common controls, hospital medical school affiliations, etc.
Services for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.
Provisions of an insurance policy that require the insured to pay some portion of covered expenses. Several forms of sharing are in use, e.g., deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments. Cost sharing does not refer to or include amounts paid in premiums for the coverage. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
Health services required by a population or community as well as the health services that the population or community is able and willing to pay for.
Formal programs for assessing drug prescription against some standard. Drug utilization review may consider clinical appropriateness, cost effectiveness, and, in some cases, outcomes. Review is usually retrospective, but some analysis may be done before drugs are dispensed (as in computer systems which advise physicians when prescriptions are entered). Drug utilization review is mandated for Medicaid programs beginning in 1993.
The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p411, p2005 & p283)
Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Scotland" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. Scotland is one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, located in the northern part of Great Britain. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terminology, I would be happy to help answer those!
Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.
Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.
The capability to perform the duties of one's profession generally, or to perform a particular professional task, with skill of an acceptable quality.
The application of scientific knowledge to practical purposes in any field. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation.
The giving of advice and assistance to individuals with educational or personal problems.
The development of systems to prevent accidents, injuries, and other adverse occurrences in an institutional setting. The concept includes prevention or reduction of adverse events or incidents involving employees, patients, or facilities. Examples include plans to reduce injuries from falls or plans for fire safety to promote a safe institutional environment.
The business and managerial aspects of pharmacy in its broadest sense.
The use of persons coached to feign symptoms or conditions of real diseases in a life-like manner in order to teach or evaluate medical personnel.
Voluntary cooperation of the patient in taking drugs or medicine as prescribed. This includes timing, dosage, and frequency.
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
Organized services to provide mental health care.
The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs.
The granting of a license to practice pharmacy.
Health care programs or services designed to assist individuals in the planning of family size. Various methods of CONTRACEPTION can be used to control the number and timing of childbirths.
Any type of research that employs nonnumeric information to explore individual or group characteristics, producing findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other quantitative means. (Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997)
Organizations and individuals cooperating together toward a common goal at the local or grassroots level.
Health services, public or private, in rural areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.
Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive mental health services provided for individuals in the community.
Community health and NURSING SERVICES providing coordinated multiple services to the patient at the patient's homes. These home-care services are provided by a visiting nurse, home health agencies, HOSPITALS, or organized community groups using professional staff for care delivery. It differs from HOME NURSING which is provided by non-professionals.
The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.
Institutions with permanent facilities and organized medical staff which provide the full range of hospital services primarily to a neighborhood area.
Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).
Beliefs and values shared by all members of the organization. These shared values, which are subject to change, are reflected in the day to day management of the organization.
Great Britain is not a medical term, but a geographical name for the largest island in the British Isles, which comprises England, Scotland, and Wales, forming the major part of the United Kingdom.
A course of study offered by an educational institution.
The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in an educational institution.
Planning that has the goals of improving health, improving accessibility to health services, and promoting efficiency in the provision of services and resources on a comprehensive basis for a whole community. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988, p299)
Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but 'England' is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and contributions to medical science. However, in a medical context, it may refer to the location of a patient, healthcare provider, or research study, but it is not a term with a specific medical meaning.
Efforts to reduce risk, to address and reduce incidents and accidents that may negatively impact healthcare consumers.
Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.
Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.
The principles of proper professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of the pharmacist, relations with patients and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the pharmacist in health care and interpersonal relations with patient families. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Exploring self-care and wellness: a model for pharmacist compensation by managed care organizations. (1/319)

Self-care and wellness are rapidly becoming mainstays of practice for many pharmacists. Consumer confidence and trust in pharmacists provides continuing opportunities for pharmacists to create products and services to satisfy consumer demands related to disease prevention and healthcare delivery. We outline two pharmacy wellness programs designed to meet consumer needs, and offer them as models for pharmacists. Issues related to the program and extent of involvement by pharmacists are raised, including the role of the pharmacists in behavior modification efforts; selecting areas of focus (e.g., smoking cessation); working with physicians for referrals; enlightening community business leaders and managed care organizations to the economic benefits of the program; and developing strategies for fair purchase of services to achieve program goals and provide adequate compensation in return.  (+info)

Repeat dispensing by community pharmacists: advantages for patients and practitioners. (2/319)

Repeat prescribing is an appreciable chore for general practitioners (GPs), and often lacks rigorous clinical control. This paper reports on a pilot repeat dispensing system, which employed community pharmacists to streamline the process and provide clinical supervision. The system described operated within the current regulations, was popular, and worked well for patients on stable treatment regimes.  (+info)

Clinical pharmacy interventions by community pharmacists during the dispensing process. (3/319)

AIMS: To evaluate the professional contact between the community pharmacist and general practitioner during the dispensing process on issues other than the legality or simple clarification of the prescription. METHODS: Fourteen community pharmacists from five adjacent localities completed details of each clinical pharmacy intervention during 1 week of each month for a period of 1 year. Each week of the month was randomly selected. When a community pharmacist had to contact the prescriber, during the dispensing of a prescription, the following data were recorded: brief patient details, the prescribed drug therapy, the reason for intervention, the outcome and the time taken. The main outcome measures were the type and nature of each intervention, the BNF category of the drug involved and the time taken. A multidisciplinary clinical panel assessed the potential of each intervention to alter the outcome of the patient's clinical management and to prevent a drug related hospital admission. These assessments were ranked between 0 and 10 (100% confident). RESULTS: During a period covering 1 week per month over 1 year, 1503 clinical pharmacy interventions were made out of 201 000 items dispensed. When normalized for the dispensing volume of each community pharmacy the lower the number of items dispensed then the greater was the percentage of interventions (P=0.013). The clinical panel decided that between 19 (0.01% of the total items dispensed) and 242 (0.12%) interventions may have prevented a drug-related hospital admission, 71 (0.04%) to 483 (0.24%) could have prevented harm whilst 103 (0.05%) to 364 (0.18%) had the potential to improve the efficacy of the intended therapeutic plan. The panel also decided that 748 (0.37%) interventions improved the clinical outcome and could have saved a visit to or by the general practitioner. Conclusion Clinical pharmacy provided by a community pharmacist during the dispensing process has the potential to provide a valuable contribution to health care.  (+info)

Changing home treatment of childhood fevers by training shop keepers in rural Kenya. (4/319)

BACKGROUND: Malaria control in Africa relies primarily on early effective treatment for clinical disease, but most early treatments for fever occur through self-medication with shop-bought drugs. Lack of information to community members on over-the-counter drug use has led to widespread ineffective treatment of fevers, increased risks of drug toxicity and accelerating drug resistance. We examined the feasibility and measured the likely impact of training shop keepers in rural Africa on community drug use. METHODS: In a rural area of coastal Kenya, we implemented a shop keeper training programme in 23 shops serving a population of approximately 3500, based on formative research within the community. We evaluated the training by measuring changes in the proportions of drug sales where an adequate amount of chloroquine was purchased and in the percentage of home-treated childhood fevers given an adequate amount of chloroquine. The programme was assessed qualitatively in the community following the shop keeper training. RESULTS: The percentage of drug sales for children with fever which included an antimalarial drug rose from 34.3% (95% CI 28.9%-40.1%) before the training to a minimum of 79.3% (95% CI 71.8%-85.3%) after the training. The percentage of antimalarial drug sales where an adequate amount of drug was purchased rose from 31.8% (95% CI 26.6%-37.6%) to a minimum of 82.9% (95% CI 76.3%-87.3%). The percentage of childhood fevers where an adequate dose of chloroquine was given to the child rose from 3.7% (95% CI 1.2%-9.7%) before the training to a minimum of 65.2% (95% CI 57.7%-72.0%) afterwards, which represents an increase in the appropriate use of over-the-counter chloroquine by at least 62% (95% CI 53.7%-69.3%). Shop keepers and community members were strongly supportive of the aims and outcome of the programme. CONCLUSIONS: The large shifts in behaviour observed indicate that the approach of training shop keepers as a channel for information to the community is both feasible and likely to have a significant impact. Whilst some of the impact seen may be attributable to research effects in a relatively small scale pilot study, the magnitude of the changes support further investigation into this approach as a potentially important new strategy in malaria control.  (+info)

Prescribing and dispensing for drug misusers in primary care: current practice in Scotland. (5/319)

BACKGROUND: Substitute prescribing has increased in Scotland, as in the rest of the UK. Both GPs and pharmacists are becoming increasingly involved in service provision for drug misusers, but anecdotal evidence has suggested considerable variation in prescribing and dispensing practice. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to gain baseline data on (i) current prescribing practice by medical practitioners and drug agencies, (ii) dispensing practice by community pharmacists across Scotland for the management of drug misuse and (iii) variations in practice between health boards. METHODS: A structured questionnaire was posted to all community pharmacies in Scotland (n = 1142), in order to gather information on prescribing from prescriptions held at the time of the survey and information on current dispensing practice in managing drug misusers. RESULTS: The response rate was 79%. Sixty-one per cent of pharmacists were currently dispensing drugs for the management of drug misuse. The most frequently prescribed drug was methadone, dispensed by 46% of pharmacists, followed by diazepam (37%), dihydrocodeine (26%) and temazepam (25%). Sixty-five per cent of methadone prescriptions were dispensed daily on request from the prescriber. Of the 3387 people receiving a methadone prescription, 32.9% had to consume their daily dose on the pharmacy premises under a pharmacist's supervision. Nineteen per cent of pharmacies currently provided a service to supervise the consumption of methadone by clients and a further 14% were prepared to but had no current demand. The proportion of prescriptions requiring supervision of methadone consumption varied considerably between health board areas. CONCLUSIONS: Methadone is the most widely prescribed drug for drug misuse across Scotland, but there is considerable variation between health board areas in how prescribing is managed. Prescribing practice should be revised locally, in a process involving GPs and pharmacists. Pharmacists have an important role in preventing drug misuse in primary care, but need further support to optimize good practice.  (+info)

Controlled trial of pharmacist intervention in general practice: the effect on prescribing costs. (6/319)

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the employment of pharmacists in general practice might moderate the growth in prescribing costs. However, empirical evidence for this proposition has been lacking. We report the results of a controlled trial of pharmacist intervention in United Kingdom general practice. AIM: To determine whether intervention practices made savings relative to controls. METHOD: An evaluation of an initiative set up by Doncaster Health Authority. Eight practices agreed to take part and received intensive input from five pharmacists for one year (September 1996 to August 1997) at a cost of 163,000 Pounds. Changes in prescribing patterns were investigated by comparing these practices with eight individually matched controls for both the year of the intervention and the previous year. Prescribing data (PACTLINE) were used to assess these changes. The measures used to take account of differences in the populations of the practices included the ASTRO-PU for overall prescribing and the STAR-PU for prescribing in specific therapeutic areas. Differences between intervention and control practices were subjected to Wilcoxon matched-pairs, signed-ranks tests. RESULTS: The median (minimum to maximum) rise in prescribing costs per ASTRO-PU was 0.85 Pound (-1.95 Pounds to 2.05 Pounds) in the intervention practices compared with 2.55 Pounds (1.74 Pounds to 4.65 Pounds) in controls (P = 0.025). Had the cost growth of the intervention group been as high as that of the controls, their total prescribing expenditure would have been around 347,000 Pounds higher. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the use of pharmacists did control prescribing expenditure sufficiently to offset their employment costs.  (+info)

Drug utilization evaluation of nonprescription H2-receptor antagonists and alginate-containing preparations for dyspepsia. (7/319)

AIMS: To evaluate the use, efficacy and adverse effects of nonprescription H2-receptor antagonists and alginate-containing preparations obtained from community pharmacies. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed to customers from 39 pharmacies in Scotland and Wales. RESULTS: Of 767 customers recruited, 608 (79.3%) returned an initial questionnaire and 472 (61.5%) customers a second questionnaire. The vast majority of respondents (424, 69.7%) had suffered their symptoms on three or more occasions and 369 (60.7%) had previously tried medicines to relieve their symptoms. Referrals to a doctor were less frequent than recommended in guidelines and few of those who were referred actually saw a doctor. Over a quarter of those returning the second questionnaire claimed to be taking more than one product simultaneously for symptom control. Eight customers who were taking prescribed ulcer-healing drugs obtained H2-receptor antagonists. The majority of respondents (355/472, 75. 2%) obtained some or complete symptom relief using the product obtained and 369/472 (78.2%) were completely satisfied with their product. H2-receptor antagonists were more likely to produce complete relief of symptoms than alginate-containing preparations (P < 0.05). Only 14 respondents (3.0%) reported side-effects from the product used which were mostly gastro-intestinal. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that drug utilization studies are feasible to carry out in a community pharmacy setting. While the results support published evidence of the efficacy and minimal toxicity of these products, they also highlight the possibility of H2-receptor antagonists being used outwith their licenced indications.  (+info)

STD management by private pharmacies in Hanoi: practice and knowledge of drug sellers. (8/319)

BACKGROUND: Prompt treatment of sexually transmitted infections may reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS infections. With health sector reforms private pharmacies are increasingly the first and only contact with health delivery services. OBJECTIVES: To find out how patients with STDs are treated at private pharmacies in Hanoi, and what drug sellers know about STD management. METHODS: Five simulated clients were taught to adopt a scenario stating that their friend had a urethral discharge. They visited 60 randomly selected private pharmacies in urban Hanoi and noted all questions asked, advice offered, and treatment given. Afterwards interviewers administered a semistructured questionnaire to all people working in the 60 pharmacies. RESULTS: Drug treatment was given in 84% of the 297 encounters averaging 1.5 drugs and 1.2 antibiotics per encounter. Quinolones were given 188 times. No dispensing was adequate for chlamydia or was in accordance with the national guidelines. No questions were asked in 55% of encounters and no advice was given in 61%. Questions on sexual activity were asked in 23% (69) of cases and about the health of the partner twice (1%). Advice to practise safe sex was given in 1% of encounters and for the partner to seek treatment only once. Of 69 questionnaires administered 51% said they would refer to a doctor, 16% said they would ask about the sexual activity 1% said they would ask about the health of the partner, 7% said they would advise using a condom, and 1% advised telling the partner to seek treatment. Even after prompting, 61% would ask no questions and 80% would give no advice. CONCLUSIONS: Even though 74% of pharmacists and drug sellers know that they should not treat STD patients, 84% actually did. None gave syndromically correct treatment. In both the questionnaire and during the simulated client methods, numbers advising on partner notification and condom use were very poor. Educational or peer awareness interventions are urgently needed among private pharmacists in Vietnam.  (+info)

Community pharmacy services refer to the healthcare services provided by retail pharmacies within a community setting. These services typically include:

1. Dispensing medications: Pharmacists ensure that prescriptions are filled correctly and provide patients with necessary instructions for use, potential side effects, and warnings about drug interactions.

2. Medication therapy management (MTM): Pharmacists review a patient's medication regimen to identify any potential issues, such as duplications, dosage errors, or interactions. They may also make recommendations to optimize the effectiveness and safety of the medications being used.

3. Immunizations: Many community pharmacies now offer immunization services for various vaccine-preventable diseases, such as influenza, pneumococcal disease, and hepatitis B.

4. Point-of-care testing: Some community pharmacies provide diagnostic tests, like blood glucose or cholesterol screening, to help monitor chronic conditions or identify health issues early on.

5. Health screenings and wellness programs: Community pharmacies often host health fairs, smoking cessation programs, or weight management initiatives to promote overall well-being and prevent disease.

6. Medication disposal: Pharmacies sometimes offer safe disposal options for unused or expired medications to help prevent environmental contamination and misuse.

7. Patient education: Community pharmacists provide counseling on various topics, such as proper use of inhalers, managing side effects, and adhering to medication schedules. They may also offer information about disease prevention and healthy lifestyle choices.

8. Consultation services: Pharmacists can provide one-on-one consultations for patients seeking advice on over-the-counter products, self-care, or management of chronic conditions.

9. Collaborative care: Community pharmacists work closely with other healthcare providers, such as physicians and nurses, to coordinate patient care and ensure optimal treatment outcomes.

10. Public health initiatives: Community pharmacies often participate in public health campaigns, like promoting tobacco-free lifestyles or supporting immunization efforts during outbreaks or epidemics.

A "Pharmacy Service, Hospital" is a health care service that provides for the careful compounding, dispensing, and distribution of medications and pharmaceutical devices within a hospital or healthcare facility. It is typically staffed by licensed pharmacists and pharmacy technicians who work collaboratively with other healthcare professionals to ensure the safe and effective use of medications for patients.

The hospital pharmacy service is responsible for managing the medication use process, including the acquisition, storage, preparation, dispensing, administration, and monitoring of medications. This includes ensuring that medications are properly labeled, stored, and distributed to patients in a timely manner, as well as providing education and counseling to patients on the safe and effective use of their medications.

The hospital pharmacy service may also provide specialized services such as sterile product preparation, investigational drug services, medication therapy management, and pharmacokinetic dosing services. These services are designed to optimize medication therapy, improve patient outcomes, reduce medication errors, and minimize the risk of adverse drug events.

Overall, the hospital pharmacy service plays a critical role in ensuring the safe and effective use of medications in the hospital setting, and contributes to the overall quality and safety of patient care.

A pharmacy is a retail store or a healthcare facility where medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, are sold or dispensed. Pharmacies are staffed by professional pharmacists who provide medication therapy management services, including reviewing the patient's medication history, checking for potential drug interactions, dosage adjustments, and providing education to patients on the safe and effective use of their medications.

Pharmacies may also offer other health-related products such as medical supplies, vitamins, and personal care items. Some pharmacies are part of a larger healthcare system, such as hospitals or clinics, while others are standalone retail stores. In addition to traditional brick-and-mortar locations, there are also online pharmacies that operate over the internet.

It's important for patients to only obtain medications from licensed and reputable pharmacies to ensure their safety and the effectiveness of their treatment.

Pharmaceutical services refer to the direct patient care activities conducted by licensed pharmacists, which include but are not limited to:

1. Medication therapy management: This involves reviewing a patient's medications to ensure they are appropriate, effective, and safe. Pharmacists may make recommendations to the prescriber about changes to medication therapy as needed.
2. Patient education: Pharmacists provide education to patients about their medications, including how to take them, potential side effects, and storage instructions. They also provide information on disease prevention and management.
3. Immunizations: Many pharmacists are trained to administer vaccines, which can help increase access to this important preventive health service.
4. Monitoring and evaluation: Pharmacists monitor patients' responses to medication therapy and make adjustments as needed. They also evaluate the effectiveness of medication therapy and make recommendations for changes if necessary.
5. Clinical services: Pharmacists may provide a range of clinical services, such as managing anticoagulation therapy, providing diabetes education, or conducting medication reconciliation after hospital discharge.
6. Collaborative practice: Pharmacists work collaboratively with other healthcare providers to optimize medication therapy and improve patient outcomes. This may involve participating in multidisciplinary teams, consulting with prescribers, or sharing information with other healthcare professionals.

Overall, pharmaceutical services aim to improve patient outcomes by ensuring that medications are used safely and effectively.

A Pharmacist is a healthcare professional who practices in the field of pharmacy, focusing on the safe and effective use of medications. They are responsible for dispensing medications prescribed by physicians and other healthcare providers, as well as providing information and counseling to patients about their medications. This includes explaining how to take the medication, potential side effects, and any drug interactions. Pharmacists may also be involved in medication therapy management, monitoring patient health and adjusting medication plans as needed. They must have a deep understanding of the properties and actions of drugs, including how they are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body, as well as their potential interactions with other substances and treatments. In addition to a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree, pharmacists must also be licensed in the state where they practice.

A "Professional Role" in the context of medicine typically refers to the specific duties, responsibilities, and expectations associated with a particular healthcare position. It encompasses the legal, ethical, and clinical aspects of the job, and is shaped by education, training, and professional standards. Examples include roles such as a physician, nurse, pharmacist, or therapist, each with their own distinct set of professional responsibilities and obligations to patients, colleagues, and society.

Pharmacy, as defined by the Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary, is: "a place or store where drugs, medicines, and other similar items are prepared, compounded, dispensed, or sold." It can also refer to the art, science, or practice of preparing, compounding, and dispensing medicinal preparations.

Pharmacists are healthcare professionals who practice in pharmacy, and they are responsible for ensuring that the medications prescribed to patients are appropriate, safe, and effective. They also provide advice on the proper use of medications, monitor patient health and drug therapies, and offer specialized services to help patients manage their medications.

Pharmacies can be found in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, retail stores, and online platforms. Regardless of where they are located, pharmacies must adhere to strict regulations and standards to ensure the safety and efficacy of the medications they dispense.

Pharmacy education refers to the formal learning process and academic program designed to prepare individuals to become licensed pharmacists. The curriculum typically includes courses in biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and specialized subjects such as pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, and clinical practice. Pharmacy education also covers topics related to the ethical and legal aspects of pharmacy practice, communication skills, and management of pharmacy operations.

The duration and format of pharmacy education vary by country and region. In the United States, for example, pharmacy education typically involves completing a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree, which takes six years of full-time study beyond high school. This includes two years of pre-professional studies and four years of professional studies in a college or school of pharmacy.

After completing their pharmacy education, graduates must pass licensure exams to practice as a pharmacist. The specific requirements for licensure vary by jurisdiction but typically include passing both a written and practical examination. Continuing education is also required to maintain licensure and stay up-to-date with advances in the field of pharmacy.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems (CPIS) are specialized software applications designed to support the work of clinical pharmacists and other healthcare professionals in managing medication therapy for patients. These systems typically integrate with electronic health records (EHRs) and other hospital information systems to provide real-time, patient-specific data on medication orders, drug allergies, lab results, and other relevant patient information.

CPIS can help clinical pharmacists identify potential drug interactions, dosing errors, and other medication-related problems, and provide evidence-based recommendations for resolving them. They may also include features such as automated medication dispensing systems, barcode scanning for medication administration, and clinical decision support tools to guide medication therapy decisions.

The primary goal of CPIS is to improve the safety and efficacy of medication use in healthcare settings, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs.

A pharmacy assistant or aide, also known as a "pharmacy technician," is a healthcare professional who works under the supervision of a licensed pharmacist. They assist in various tasks such as preparing and mixing medications, counting pills, labeling bottles, answering phone calls, and performing administrative duties. However, they are not responsible for providing medical advice or counseling to patients about their medications. It's important to note that the specific responsibilities of a pharmacy assistant or aide may vary depending on the laws and regulations in their location.

Continuing pharmacy education (CPE) refers to the ongoing professional development activities that pharmacists engage in to maintain, develop, and enhance their knowledge, skills, and abilities required for delivering high-quality care to patients. CPE is a mandatory requirement for maintaining licensure and certification in many jurisdictions around the world.

The aim of CPE is to ensure that pharmacists remain up-to-date with the latest advances in pharmaceutical care, including new drugs, therapies, and technologies, as well as changes in regulations, guidelines, and standards of practice. CPE activities may include live or online courses, conferences, seminars, workshops, self-study programs, and other educational experiences that are relevant to the practice of pharmacy.

CPE programs are typically designed to address specific learning needs and objectives, and may be accredited by recognized organizations such as the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) in the United States or the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) in the United Kingdom. Participants who complete CPE activities successfully are awarded continuing education units (CEUs) or continuing professional development (CPD) credits, which are used to document their participation and maintain their professional credentials.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Schools, Pharmacy" is not a recognized medical term or concept. A "pharmacy school" refers to an educational institution that provides training and degrees in the field of pharmacy. If you have any questions about pharmacy education or the pharmacy profession, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

Nonprescription drugs, also known as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, are medications that can be legally purchased without a prescription from a healthcare professional. They are considered safe and effective for treating minor illnesses or symptoms when used according to the directions on the label. Examples include pain relievers like acetaminophen and ibuprofen, antihistamines for allergies, and topical treatments for skin conditions. It is still important to follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare provider if there are any concerns or questions about using nonprescription drugs.

Health care surveys are research tools used to systematically collect information from a population or sample regarding their experiences, perceptions, and knowledge of health services, health outcomes, and various other health-related topics. These surveys typically consist of standardized questionnaires that cover specific aspects of healthcare, such as access to care, quality of care, patient satisfaction, health disparities, and healthcare costs. The data gathered from health care surveys are used to inform policy decisions, improve healthcare delivery, identify best practices, allocate resources, and monitor the health status of populations. Health care surveys can be conducted through various modes, including in-person interviews, telephone interviews, mail-in questionnaires, or online platforms.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Postal Service" is not a term used in medical definitions. It generally refers to the system for delivering mail and packages, such as the United States Postal Service (USPS). If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to help answer those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "United States" is a geopolitical entity, specifically the name of the country consisting of 50 states, and it is not a medical term or concept. Therefore, I can't provide a medical definition for it. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or biology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!

Medication Therapy Management (MTM) is a structured, patient-centered process of care that involves the medication use process for individual patients to optimize therapeutic outcomes and reduce the risk of adverse effects. MTM includes various services such as medication review, identification of potential drug therapy problems, formulation of a personalized care plan, education and counseling, and ongoing monitoring and adjustment of medication therapy. The goal of MTM is to improve medication adherence, enhance patient engagement in their healthcare, and promote the safe and effective use of medications. MTM services may be provided by pharmacists, physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals as part of a collaborative care team.

"Education, Pharmacy, Graduate" generally refers to the completion of a graduate-level program of study in the field of pharmacy. This type of education is typically pursued by individuals who already hold an undergraduate degree and wish to specialize in the preparation, dispensing, and proper use of medications.

In order to become a licensed pharmacist in the United States, for example, an individual must typically complete a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) program, which is a post-baccalaureate degree that typically takes four years to complete. During this time, students learn about various aspects of pharmacy practice, including drug therapy management, patient care, and communication skills. They also gain hands-on experience through internships and other experiential learning opportunities.

Graduates of pharmacy programs may go on to work in a variety of settings, including community pharmacies, hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities. They may also choose to pursue research or academic careers, working as professors or researchers in universities or research institutions.

Electronic prescribing, also known as e-prescribing, is the practice of using electronic systems and technologies to create, transmit, and fill prescriptions. This process involves the use of computerized software or mobile applications that allow healthcare providers to write and send prescriptions directly to a patient's preferred pharmacy. The system can also check for potential drug interactions, allergies, and other factors that may affect the safety and efficacy of the prescribed medication.

E-prescribing offers several benefits over traditional paper prescription methods, including improved efficiency, reduced errors, and better coordination of care between healthcare providers and pharmacists. It can also help to reduce healthcare costs by minimizing unnecessary tests and procedures, as well as reducing the risk of adverse drug events.

Overall, electronic prescribing is an important tool for improving medication safety, reducing healthcare costs, and enhancing the quality of care delivered to patients.

Pharmaceutical services insurance refers to a type of coverage that helps individuals and families pay for their prescription medications. This type of insurance is often offered as part of a larger health insurance plan, but can also be purchased as a standalone policy.

The specifics of pharmaceutical services insurance coverage can vary widely depending on the policy. Some plans may cover only generic medications, while others may cover both brand-name and generic drugs. Additionally, some policies may require individuals to pay a portion of the cost of their prescriptions in the form of copays or coinsurance, while others may cover the full cost of medications.

Pharmaceutical services insurance can be especially important for individuals who have chronic medical conditions that require ongoing treatment with expensive prescription medications. By helping to offset the cost of these medications, pharmaceutical services insurance can make it easier for people to afford the care they need to manage their health and improve their quality of life.

Postcoital hormonal contraceptives, also known as emergency contraceptives, are methods used to prevent pregnancy after sexual intercourse has already occurred. These contraceptives contain hormones and are intended for use in emergency situations where regular contraception has failed or was not used, such as in cases of condom breakage or unprotected sex.

The most common type of postcoital hormonal contraceptive is the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP), which contains a high dose of synthetic progestin or a combination of progestin and estrogen. The ECP works by preventing ovulation, inhibiting fertilization, or altering the lining of the uterus to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg.

The ECP is most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected sex, ideally within 72 hours, but may still be effective up to 120 hours (5 days) after intercourse. However, the effectiveness of the ECP decreases over time, and it is not as effective as regular methods of contraception.

It's important to note that postcoital hormonal contraceptives are not intended for routine use as a primary method of contraception and should only be used in emergency situations. They do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and should not be used as a substitute for regular condom use or other forms of protection.

If you have any concerns about postcoital hormonal contraceptives or need advice on the best method of contraception for you, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider.

I'm happy to help! However, I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Students, Pharmacy" is not a medical term or concept. Instead, it likely refers to individuals who are studying to become pharmacists or are taking courses related to pharmacy as part of their education.

Pharmacy students are typically enrolled in a professional degree program, such as a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) program, which prepares them to become licensed pharmacists. These programs typically include coursework in topics such as pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical practice, as well as supervised clinical experiences in various healthcare settings.

Therefore, the term "Students, Pharmacy" generally refers to individuals who are pursuing a degree or certification in the field of pharmacy.

A drug prescription is a written or electronic order provided by a licensed healthcare professional, such as a physician, dentist, or advanced practice nurse, to a pharmacist that authorizes the preparation and dispensing of a specific medication for a patient. The prescription typically includes important information such as the patient's name and date of birth, the name and strength of the medication, the dosage regimen, the duration of treatment, and any special instructions or precautions.

Prescriptions serve several purposes, including ensuring that patients receive the appropriate medication for their medical condition, preventing medication errors, and promoting safe and effective use of medications. They also provide a legal record of the medical provider's authorization for the pharmacist to dispense the medication to the patient.

There are two main types of prescriptions: written prescriptions and electronic prescriptions. Written prescriptions are handwritten or printed on paper, while electronic prescriptions are transmitted electronically from the medical provider to the pharmacy. Electronic prescriptions are becoming increasingly common due to their convenience, accuracy, and security.

It is important for patients to follow the instructions provided on their prescription carefully and to ask their healthcare provider or pharmacist any questions they may have about their medication. Failure to follow a drug prescription can result in improper use of the medication, which can lead to adverse effects, treatment failure, or even life-threatening situations.

Community health services refer to a type of healthcare delivery that is organized around the needs of a specific population or community, rather than individual patients. These services are typically focused on preventive care, health promotion, and improving access to care for underserved populations. They can include a wide range of services, such as:

* Primary care, including routine check-ups, immunizations, and screenings
* Dental care
* Mental health and substance abuse treatment
* Public health initiatives, such as disease prevention and health education programs
* Home health care and other supportive services for people with chronic illnesses or disabilities
* Health services for special populations, such as children, the elderly, or those living in rural areas

The goal of community health services is to improve the overall health of a population by addressing the social, economic, and environmental factors that can impact health. This approach recognizes that healthcare is just one factor in determining a person's health outcomes, and that other factors such as housing, education, and income also play important roles. By working to address these underlying determinants of health, community health services aim to improve the health and well-being of entire communities.

I'm happy to help! However, I believe there might be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Legislation" and "Pharmacy" are two distinct concepts from different fields - legislation is a term related to law-making, while pharmacy is a field of healthcare concerned with the preparation and dispensing of medications.

There isn't a specific medical definition for "legislation, pharmacy." However, I can provide you with some information about each concept separately:

1. Legislation: In general terms, legislation refers to the process of creating, enacting, and amending laws in a political system or jurisdiction. In the context of healthcare, legislation may refer to laws and regulations that govern various aspects of medical practice, patient care, public health, and pharmaceutical industry, among others.
2. Pharmacy: Pharmacy is a healthcare profession concerned with the safe and effective use of medications. Pharmacists are experts in medicines who work to ensure that patients receive the best possible outcomes from their medication therapy. They may practice in various settings, including community pharmacies, hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities.

If you have any further questions or need more information about either concept, please let me know!

Medication errors refer to preventable events that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm, while the medication is in the control of the healthcare professional, patient, or consumer. Such events may be related to professional practice, health care products, procedures, and systems, including prescribing; order communication; product labeling, packaging, and nomenclature; compounding; dispensing; distribution; administration; education; monitoring; and use.

Medication errors can occur at any stage of the medication process, including ordering, transcribing, dispensing, administering, and monitoring. They can result from various factors such as poor communication, lack of knowledge, distractions, confusing drug names or labels, and inadequate systems for preventing errors. Medication errors can lead to adverse drug events, which can cause patient harm, including temporary or permanent disability, and even death.

A generic drug is a medication that contains the same active ingredients as an originally marketed brand-name drug, known as its "innovator" or "reference listed" drug. The active ingredient is the component of the drug that is responsible for its therapeutic effect. Generic drugs are required to have the same quality, strength, purity, and stability as their brand-name counterparts. They must also meet the same rigorous Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards regarding safety, effectiveness, and manufacturing.

Generic drugs are typically less expensive than their brand-name equivalents because generic manufacturers do not have to repeat the costly clinical trials that were required for the innovator drug. Instead, they demonstrate through bioequivalence studies that their product is therapeutically equivalent to the reference listed drug. This means that the generic drug delivers the same amount of active ingredient into a patient's bloodstream in the same timeframe as the brand-name drug.

In summary, generic drugs are copies of brand-name drugs with the same active ingredients, dosage forms, strengths, routes of administration, and intended uses. They must meet FDA regulations for safety, efficacy, and manufacturing standards, ensuring that they provide patients with the same therapeutic benefits as their brand-name counterparts at a more affordable price.

Health services accessibility refers to the degree to which individuals and populations are able to obtain needed health services in a timely manner. It includes factors such as physical access (e.g., distance, transportation), affordability (e.g., cost of services, insurance coverage), availability (e.g., supply of providers, hours of operation), and acceptability (e.g., cultural competence, language concordance).

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), accessibility is one of the key components of health system performance, along with responsiveness and fair financing. Improving accessibility to health services is essential for achieving universal health coverage and ensuring that everyone has access to quality healthcare without facing financial hardship. Factors that affect health services accessibility can vary widely between and within countries, and addressing these disparities requires a multifaceted approach that includes policy interventions, infrastructure development, and community engagement.

Prescription drugs are medications that are only available to patients with a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare professional, such as a doctor or nurse practitioner. These drugs cannot be legally obtained over-the-counter and require a prescription due to their potential for misuse, abuse, or serious side effects. They are typically used to treat complex medical conditions, manage symptoms of chronic illnesses, or provide necessary pain relief in certain situations.

Prescription drugs are classified based on their active ingredients and therapeutic uses. In the United States, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) categorizes them into five schedules (I-V) depending on their potential for abuse and dependence. Schedule I substances have the highest potential for abuse and no accepted medical use, while schedule V substances have a lower potential for abuse and are often used for legitimate medical purposes.

Examples of prescription drugs include opioid painkillers like oxycodone and hydrocodone, stimulants such as Adderall and Ritalin, benzodiazepines like Xanax and Ativan, and various other medications used to treat conditions such as epilepsy, depression, anxiety, and high blood pressure.

It is essential to use prescription drugs only as directed by a healthcare professional, as misuse or abuse can lead to severe health consequences, including addiction, overdose, and even death.

"Drug costs" refer to the amount of money that must be paid to acquire and use a particular medication. These costs can include the following:

1. The actual purchase price of the drug, which may vary depending on factors such as the dosage form, strength, and quantity of the medication, as well as whether it is obtained through a retail pharmacy, mail-order service, or other distribution channel.
2. Any additional fees or charges associated with obtaining the drug, such as shipping and handling costs, insurance copayments or coinsurance amounts, and deductibles.
3. The cost of any necessary medical services or supplies that are required to administer the drug, such as syringes, needles, or alcohol swabs for injectable medications, or nebulizers for inhaled drugs.
4. The cost of monitoring and managing any potential side effects or complications associated with the use of the drug, which may include additional medical appointments, laboratory tests, or other diagnostic procedures.

It is important to note that drug costs can vary widely depending on a variety of factors, including the patient's insurance coverage, the pharmacy where the drug is obtained, and any discounts or rebates that may be available. Patients are encouraged to shop around for the best prices and to explore all available options for reducing their out-of-pocket costs, such as using generic medications or participating in manufacturer savings programs.

Self-medication is the use of medications or other healthcare products by individuals to treat self-diagnosed disorders or symptoms, without consulting a healthcare professional. This may include using leftover prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, or alternative therapies. While it might seem convenient and cost-effective, self-medication can lead to incorrect diagnosis, inappropriate treatment, masking of serious conditions, potential drug interactions, dependency, and complications, which may result in further health issues. It is always recommended to seek professional medical advice before starting any medication or therapy.

Preceptorship is a period of structured guidance and support provided to a novice or trainee healthcare professional, usually following the completion of their initial training, to help them develop the necessary skills and knowledge to practice safely and effectively in their chosen field. The preceptee works under the supervision of an experienced practitioner, known as a preceptor, who provides direct oversight, assessment, and feedback on their performance. Preceptorship aims to promote the integration and application of theoretical knowledge into clinical practice, enhance confidence, and promote the development of competence in the areas of communication, critical thinking, professionalism, and patient safety.

An insurance claim review is the process conducted by an insurance company to evaluate a claim made by a policyholder for coverage of a loss or expense. This evaluation typically involves examining the details of the claim, assessing the damages or injuries incurred, verifying the coverage provided by the policy, and determining the appropriate amount of benefits to be paid. The insurance claim review may also include investigating the circumstances surrounding the claim to ensure its validity and confirming that it complies with the terms and conditions of the insurance policy.

A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Saskatchewan" is not a medical term. It is a province in Canada, located in the central part of the country. If you have any questions about medical terms or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.

Professional-patient relations, also known as physician-patient relationships or doctor-patient relationships, refer to the interactions and communications between healthcare professionals and their patients. It is a critical aspect of healthcare delivery that involves trust, respect, understanding, and collaboration. The American Medical Association (AMA) defines it as "a ethical relationship in which a physician, by virtue of knowledge and skills, provides medical services to a patient in need."

Professional-patient relations encompass various elements, including:

1. Informed Consent: Healthcare professionals must provide patients with adequate information about their medical condition, treatment options, benefits, risks, and alternatives to enable them to make informed decisions about their healthcare.
2. Confidentiality: Healthcare professionals must respect patients' privacy and maintain the confidentiality of their medical information, except in specific circumstances where disclosure is required by law or necessary for patient safety.
3. Communication: Healthcare professionals must communicate effectively with patients, listening to their concerns, answering their questions, and providing clear and concise explanations about their medical condition and treatment plan.
4. Empathy and Compassion: Healthcare professionals must demonstrate empathy and compassion towards their patients, recognizing their emotional and psychological needs and providing support and comfort when necessary.
5. Cultural Competence: Healthcare professionals must be aware of and respect cultural differences among their patients, adapting their communication style and treatment approach to meet the unique needs of each patient.
6. Shared Decision-Making: Healthcare professionals and patients should work together to make medical decisions based on the best available evidence, the patient's values and preferences, and the healthcare professional's expertise.
7. Continuity of Care: Healthcare professionals must ensure continuity of care for their patients, coordinating with other healthcare providers and ensuring that patients receive appropriate follow-up care.

Professional-patient relations are essential to achieving positive health outcomes, improving patient satisfaction, and reducing medical errors and adverse events. Healthcare professionals must maintain ethical and professional standards in their interactions with patients, recognizing the power imbalance in the relationship and striving to promote trust, respect, and collaboration.

Drug utilization refers to the use of medications by patients or healthcare professionals in a real-world setting. It involves analyzing and evaluating patterns of medication use, including prescribing practices, adherence to treatment guidelines, potential duplications or interactions, and outcomes associated with drug therapy. The goal of drug utilization is to optimize medication use, improve patient safety, and minimize costs while achieving the best possible health outcomes. It can be studied through various methods such as prescription claims data analysis, surveys, and clinical audits.

I'm happy to help, but I need to clarify that "workflow" is not a medical term per se. It is a term used in many fields, including healthcare, to describe a series of steps or tasks that are necessary to complete a process or task. In the context of healthcare, workflows often refer to the processes and procedures involved in delivering care to patients.

A medical definition of "workflow" might be:

The sequence of tasks or activities involved in providing clinical care to patients, including assessment, diagnosis, treatment planning, intervention, monitoring, and follow-up. Workflows may involve multiple healthcare providers, such as physicians, nurses, therapists, and other staff members, and may be supported by technology, such as electronic health records (EHRs) or other clinical information systems. Effective workflow design is critical to ensuring safe, timely, and efficient care delivery.

Health services research (HSR) is a multidisciplinary field of scientific investigation that studies how social factors, financing systems, organizational structures and processes, health technologies, and personal behaviors affect access to healthcare, the quality and cost of care, and ultimately, our health and well-being. The goal of HSR is to inform policy and practice, improve system performance, and enhance the health and well-being of individuals and communities. It involves the use of various research methods, including epidemiology, biostatistics, economics, sociology, management science, political science, and psychology, to answer questions about the healthcare system and how it can be improved.

Examples of HSR topics include:

* Evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different healthcare interventions and technologies
* Studying patient-centered care and patient experiences with the healthcare system
* Examining healthcare workforce issues, such as shortages of primary care providers or the impact of nurse-to-patient ratios on patient outcomes
* Investigating the impact of health insurance design and financing systems on access to care and health disparities
* Analyzing the organization and delivery of healthcare services in different settings, such as hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities
* Identifying best practices for improving healthcare quality and safety, reducing medical errors, and eliminating wasteful or unnecessary care.

A checklist is a type of tool used in various fields, including medicine, to ensure that all necessary steps or items are accounted for and completed in a systematic and standardized manner. It typically consists of a list of tasks or items that need to be checked off as they are finished. In a medical context, checklists can be used in a variety of settings such as surgery, patient care, and research to improve safety, reduce errors, and enhance the quality of care. They help to standardize processes, promote communication, and ensure that important steps are not overlooked.

Drug Information Services (DIS) are specialized resources within healthcare systems, typically staffed by clinical pharmacists and pharmacy residents, that provide evidence-based information and analysis about medications to healthcare professionals and patients. The primary goal of DIS is to optimize medication use and improve patient outcomes through the provision of accurate, unbiased, and timely information on drug therapy.

DIS commonly provide a range of services, including:

1. Answering medication-related questions from healthcare providers, such as physicians, nurses, and other pharmacists, regarding drug interactions, dosing, adverse effects, and therapeutic alternatives.
2. Developing and maintaining formulary management systems to ensure the safe and cost-effective use of medications within a healthcare institution or system.
3. Providing patient education materials and resources on medication therapy, including proper administration techniques, potential side effects, and storage requirements.
4. Conducting ongoing literature evaluations and synthesizing evidence-based recommendations for medication use in various clinical scenarios.
5. Collaborating with healthcare teams to develop and implement guidelines, policies, and procedures related to medication management and safety.
6. Offering educational programs and resources for healthcare professionals and students to enhance their knowledge of pharmacotherapy and medication safety practices.
7. Participating in multidisciplinary committees focused on improving medication use processes, reducing medication errors, and promoting patient safety.

DIS are essential components of modern healthcare systems, as they help ensure the safe, effective, and efficient use of medications for improved patient outcomes.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "organizational affiliation" is not a medical term per se. It is a more general term used in various fields, including healthcare, to describe a relationship or connection between an individual and an organization. In the context of healthcare, it might refer to a physician's membership in a specific hospital staff or medical society. However, a precise definition may vary depending on the context.

Health services refer to the delivery of healthcare services, including preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services. These services are typically provided by health professionals such as doctors, nurses, and allied health personnel in various settings, including hospitals, clinics, community health centers, and long-term care facilities. Health services may also include public health activities such as health education, surveillance, and health promotion programs aimed at improving the health of populations. The goal of health services is to promote and restore health, prevent disease and injury, and improve the quality of life for individuals and communities.

Cost sharing in a medical or healthcare context refers to the portion of health care costs that are paid by the patient or health plan member, rather than by their insurance company. Cost sharing can take various forms, including deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments.

A deductible is the amount that a patient must pay out of pocket for medical services before their insurance coverage kicks in. For example, if a health plan has a $1,000 deductible, the patient must pay the first $1,000 of their medical expenses before their insurance starts covering costs.

Coinsurance is the percentage of medical costs that a patient is responsible for paying after they have met their deductible. For example, if a health plan has 20% coinsurance, the patient would pay 20% of the cost of medical services, and their insurance would cover the remaining 80%.

Copayments are fixed amounts that patients must pay for specific medical services, such as doctor visits or prescription medications. Copayments are typically paid at the time of service and do not count towards a patient's deductible.

Cost sharing is intended to encourage patients to be more cost-conscious in their use of healthcare services, as they have a financial incentive to seek out lower-cost options. However, high levels of cost sharing can also create barriers to accessing necessary medical care, particularly for low-income individuals and families.

Health services needs refer to the population's requirement for healthcare services based on their health status, disease prevalence, and clinical guidelines. These needs can be categorized into normative needs (based on expert opinions or clinical guidelines) and expressed needs (based on individuals' perceptions of their own healthcare needs).

On the other hand, health services demand refers to the quantity of healthcare services that consumers are willing and able to pay for, given their preferences, values, and financial resources. Demand is influenced by various factors such as price, income, education level, and cultural beliefs.

It's important to note that while needs represent a population's requirement for healthcare services, demand reflects the actual utilization of these services. Understanding both health services needs and demand is crucial in planning and delivering effective healthcare services that meet the population's requirements while ensuring efficient resource allocation.

A Drug Utilization Review (DUR) is a systematic retrospective examination of a patient's current and past use of medications to identify medication-related problems, such as adverse drug reactions, interactions, inappropriate dosages, duplicate therapy, and noncompliance with the treatment plan. The goal of DUR is to optimize medication therapy, improve patient outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and promote safe and effective use of medications.

DUR is typically conducted by pharmacists, physicians, or other healthcare professionals who review medication records, laboratory results, and clinical data to identify potential issues and make recommendations for changes in medication therapy. DUR may be performed manually or using automated software tools that can analyze large datasets of medication claims and electronic health records.

DUR is an important component of medication management programs in various settings, including hospitals, long-term care facilities, managed care organizations, and ambulatory care clinics. It helps ensure that patients receive the right medications at the right doses for the right indications, and reduces the risk of medication errors and adverse drug events.

I believe you may have mixed up the terms "medicine" and "commerce." Commerce is a broad term that refers to the buying and selling of goods and services. It is not typically used in a medical context, so it does not have a specific medical definition. However, I can provide you with some related terms that might be helpful:

1. Medical commerce: This term generally refers to the business aspects of healthcare, such as the buying and selling of medical supplies, equipment, and services. It may also refer to the economic relationships between various stakeholders in the healthcare system, including providers, insurers, pharmaceutical companies, and patients.
2. Telemedicine commerce: This term specifically refers to the use of technology to facilitate remote consultations and transactions between healthcare providers and patients. Examples include online appointment scheduling, virtual consultations, and electronic prescribing.
3. Medical tourism: This is a form of commerce where people travel to other countries to receive medical treatment or procedures that may be less expensive or more accessible than in their home country. It can also refer to the business of providing medical services to international patients.
4. Healthcare marketing: This term refers to the activities and strategies used by healthcare organizations to promote their products, services, and brands to potential customers. It includes advertising, public relations, social media, content marketing, and other tactics designed to build awareness, generate leads, and drive sales.

I hope this information is helpful! Let me know if you have any further questions or concerns.

Program Evaluation is a systematic and objective assessment of a healthcare program's design, implementation, and outcomes. It is a medical term used to describe the process of determining the relevance, effectiveness, and efficiency of a program in achieving its goals and objectives. Program evaluation involves collecting and analyzing data related to various aspects of the program, such as its reach, impact, cost-effectiveness, and quality. The results of program evaluation can be used to improve the design and implementation of existing programs or to inform the development of new ones. It is a critical tool for ensuring that healthcare programs are meeting the needs of their intended audiences and delivering high-quality care in an efficient and effective manner.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Scotland" is not a medical term or concept. It is one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.

Data collection in the medical context refers to the systematic gathering of information relevant to a specific research question or clinical situation. This process involves identifying and recording data elements, such as demographic characteristics, medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory results, and imaging studies, from various sources including patient interviews, medical records, and diagnostic tests. The data collected is used to support clinical decision-making, inform research hypotheses, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions. It is essential that data collection is performed in a standardized and unbiased manner to ensure the validity and reliability of the results.

The "attitude of health personnel" refers to the overall disposition, behavior, and approach that healthcare professionals exhibit towards their patients or clients. This encompasses various aspects such as:

1. Interpersonal skills: The ability to communicate effectively, listen actively, and build rapport with patients.
2. Professionalism: Adherence to ethical principles, confidentiality, and maintaining a non-judgmental attitude.
3. Compassion and empathy: Showing genuine concern for the patient's well-being and understanding their feelings and experiences.
4. Cultural sensitivity: Respecting and acknowledging the cultural backgrounds, beliefs, and values of patients.
5. Competence: Demonstrating knowledge, skills, and expertise in providing healthcare services.
6. Collaboration: Working together with other healthcare professionals to ensure comprehensive care for the patient.
7. Patient-centeredness: Focusing on the individual needs, preferences, and goals of the patient in the decision-making process.
8. Commitment to continuous learning and improvement: Staying updated with the latest developments in the field and seeking opportunities to enhance one's skills and knowledge.

A positive attitude of health personnel contributes significantly to patient satisfaction, adherence to treatment plans, and overall healthcare outcomes.

Professional competence, in the context of medicine, refers to the possession of the necessary skills, knowledge, and behaviors required for the provision of high-quality healthcare services. It involves the ability to apply medical knowledge and clinical skills effectively in practice, make informed and evidence-based decisions, communicate clearly and effectively with patients and colleagues, demonstrate professionalism and ethical behavior, and engage in continuous learning and improvement.

Professional competence is evaluated through various means, including assessments of clinical skills, knowledge tests, patient feedback, and peer reviews. It is an ongoing process that requires healthcare professionals to continually update their knowledge and skills, adapt to changes in medical practice, and strive for excellence in patient care. Maintaining professional competence is essential for ensuring the safety and quality of healthcare services and is a key component of medical regulation and licensure.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "technology" is a broad term that refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. It's not something that typically has a medical definition, as it's not a medical term or concept. However, in the context of healthcare, "health technology" is a term used to refer to the application of technology in healthcare, such as medical devices, electronic health records, telemedicine platforms, and other tools that are used to prevent, diagnose, or treat medical conditions.

Counseling is a therapeutic intervention that involves a trained professional working with an individual, family, or group to help them understand and address their problems, concerns, or challenges. The goal of counseling is to help the person develop skills, insights, and resources that will allow them to make positive changes in their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and improve their overall mental health and well-being.

Counseling can take many forms, depending on the needs and preferences of the individual seeking help. Some common approaches include cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, humanistic therapy, and solution-focused brief therapy. These approaches may be used alone or in combination with other interventions, such as medication or group therapy.

The specific goals and techniques of counseling will vary depending on the individual's needs and circumstances. However, some common objectives of counseling include:

* Identifying and understanding the underlying causes of emotional or behavioral problems
* Developing coping skills and strategies to manage stress, anxiety, depression, or other mental health concerns
* Improving communication and relationship skills
* Enhancing self-esteem and self-awareness
* Addressing substance abuse or addiction issues
* Resolving conflicts and making difficult decisions
* Grieving losses and coping with life transitions

Counseling is typically provided by licensed mental health professionals, such as psychologists, social workers, marriage and family therapists, and professional counselors. These professionals have completed advanced education and training in counseling techniques and theories, and are qualified to provide a range of therapeutic interventions to help individuals, families, and groups achieve their goals and improve their mental health.

Safety management is a systematic and organized approach to managing health and safety in the workplace. It involves the development, implementation, and monitoring of policies, procedures, and practices with the aim of preventing accidents, injuries, and occupational illnesses. Safety management includes identifying hazards, assessing risks, setting objectives and targets for improving safety performance, implementing controls, and evaluating the effectiveness of those controls. The goal of safety management is to create a safe and healthy work environment that protects workers, visitors, and others who may be affected by workplace activities. It is an integral part of an organization's overall management system and requires the active involvement and commitment of managers, supervisors, and employees at all levels.

Pharmacy administration refers to the management and leadership of pharmacy operations, services, and resources within healthcare systems or organizations. It involves planning, organizing, directing, and coordinating various activities related to the safe and effective use of medications, including medication therapy management, formulary management, drug utilization review, quality improvement, regulatory compliance, and financial management.

Pharmacy administrators may oversee pharmacy staff, operations, and budgets, as well as develop and implement policies and procedures that promote high-quality patient care, ensure medication safety, and optimize medication use. They may also collaborate with other healthcare professionals to develop and implement strategies for improving medication management and promoting interprofessional communication and collaboration.

Pharmacy administration is a critical component of healthcare delivery, as it helps to ensure that patients receive the right medications at the right time, in the right dose, and for the right duration. Effective pharmacy administration can help to improve patient outcomes, reduce medication errors, and lower healthcare costs.

Patient simulation is the creation of a situation or scenario that represents a patient's medical condition or illness, using a mannequin or computer-based program. It allows healthcare professionals and students to practice their skills and decision-making abilities in a controlled and safe environment. The simulated patient can respond to treatments and interventions, providing a realistic representation of the patient's condition. This type of simulation is used for training, assessment, and research purposes in medical education and healthcare fields.

Medication adherence, also known as medication compliance, refers to the degree or extent of conformity to a treatment regimen as prescribed by a healthcare provider. This includes taking medications at the right time, in the correct dosage, and for the designated duration. Poor medication adherence can lead to worsening health conditions, increased hospitalizations, and higher healthcare costs.

A cross-sectional study is a type of observational research design that examines the relationship between variables at one point in time. It provides a snapshot or a "cross-section" of the population at a particular moment, allowing researchers to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition and identify potential risk factors or associations.

In a cross-sectional study, data is collected from a sample of participants at a single time point, and the variables of interest are measured simultaneously. This design can be used to investigate the association between exposure and outcome, but it cannot establish causality because it does not follow changes over time.

Cross-sectional studies can be conducted using various data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, or medical examinations. They are often used in epidemiology to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population and to identify potential risk factors that may contribute to its development. However, because cross-sectional studies only provide a snapshot of the population at one point in time, they cannot account for changes over time or determine whether exposure preceded the outcome.

Therefore, while cross-sectional studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying potential associations between variables, further research using other study designs, such as cohort or case-control studies, is necessary to establish causality and confirm any findings.

Mental health services refer to the various professional health services designed to treat and support individuals with mental health conditions. These services are typically provided by trained and licensed mental health professionals, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, mental health counselors, and marriage and family therapists. The services may include:

1. Assessment and diagnosis of mental health disorders
2. Psychotherapy or "talk therapy" to help individuals understand and manage their symptoms
3. Medication management for mental health conditions
4. Case management and care coordination to connect individuals with community resources and support
5. Psychoeducation to help individuals and families better understand mental health conditions and how to manage them
6. Crisis intervention and stabilization services
7. Inpatient and residential treatment for severe or chronic mental illness
8. Prevention and early intervention services to identify and address mental health concerns before they become more serious
9. Rehabilitation and recovery services to help individuals with mental illness achieve their full potential and live fulfilling lives in the community.

Patient education, as defined by the US National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), is "the teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs. It includes the patient's understanding of his or her condition and the necessary procedures for self, assisted, or professional care." This encompasses a wide range of activities and interventions aimed at helping patients and their families understand their medical conditions, treatment options, self-care skills, and overall health management. Effective patient education can lead to improved health outcomes, increased patient satisfaction, and better use of healthcare resources.

Pharmacy licensure is the process by which a government agency grants permission to an individual pharmacist or a pharmacy facility to practice pharmacy within a specific jurisdiction, according to established legal and regulatory standards. The purpose of licensure is to ensure that pharmacists possess the necessary education, training, and skills to provide safe and effective medication therapy to patients.

In order to obtain a pharmacy license, individuals must typically meet certain requirements, such as completing a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree from an accredited college of pharmacy, passing a series of exams that test their knowledge and skills, and completing a specified number of hours of supervised practice experience. Additionally, pharmacies must also meet certain standards for facilities, equipment, and record-keeping in order to obtain licensure.

Licensure requirements may vary from one jurisdiction to another, so it is important for pharmacists and pharmacy owners to be familiar with the specific regulations in their area. Ongoing compliance with these regulations is necessary to maintain licensure and ensure continued practice privileges.

Family planning services refer to comprehensive healthcare programs and interventions that aim to help individuals and couples prevent or achieve pregnancies, according to their desired number and spacing of children. These services typically include:

1. Counseling and education: Providing information about various contraceptive methods, their effectiveness, side effects, and appropriate use. This may also include counseling on reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and preconception care.
2. Contraceptive services: Making a wide range of contraceptive options available to clients, including barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms), hormonal methods (pills, patches, injectables, implants), intrauterine devices (IUDs), and permanent methods (tubal ligation, vasectomy).
3. Screening and testing: Offering STI screening and testing, as well as cervical cancer screening for eligible clients.
4. Preconception care: Providing counseling and interventions to help women achieve optimal health before becoming pregnant, including folic acid supplementation, management of chronic conditions, and avoidance of harmful substances (tobacco, alcohol, drugs).
5. Fertility services: Addressing infertility issues through diagnostic testing, counseling, and medical or surgical treatments when appropriate.
6. Menstrual regulation: Providing manual vacuum aspiration or medication to safely and effectively manage incomplete miscarriages or unwanted pregnancies within the first trimester.
7. Pregnancy options counseling: Offering unbiased information and support to help individuals make informed decisions about their pregnancy, including parenting, adoption, or abortion.
8. Community outreach and education: Engaging in community-based initiatives to increase awareness of family planning services and promote reproductive health.
9. Advocacy: Working to remove barriers to accessing family planning services, such as policy changes, reducing stigma, and increasing funding for programs.

Family planning services are an essential component of sexual and reproductive healthcare and contribute significantly to improving maternal and child health outcomes, reducing unintended pregnancies, and empowering individuals to make informed choices about their reproductive lives.

Qualitative research is a methodological approach in social sciences and healthcare research that focuses on understanding the meanings, experiences, and perspectives of individuals or groups within a specific context. It aims to gather detailed, rich data through various techniques such as interviews, focus groups, observations, and content analysis. The findings from qualitative research are typically descriptive and exploratory, providing insights into processes, perceptions, and experiences that may not be captured through quantitative methods.

In medical research, qualitative research can be used to explore patients' experiences of illness, healthcare providers' perspectives on patient care, or the cultural and social factors that influence health behaviors. It is often used in combination with quantitative methods to provide a more comprehensive understanding of complex health issues.

Community networks, in the context of public health and medical care, typically refer to local or regional networks of healthcare providers, organizations, and resources that work together to provide integrated and coordinated care to a defined population. These networks can include hospitals, clinics, primary care providers, specialists, mental health services, home health agencies, and other community-based organizations.

The goal of community networks is to improve the overall health outcomes of the population they serve by ensuring that individuals have access to high-quality, coordinated care that meets their unique needs. Community networks can also help to reduce healthcare costs by preventing unnecessary hospitalizations and emergency department visits through better management of chronic conditions and prevention efforts.

Effective community networks require strong partnerships, clear communication, and a shared commitment to improving the health of the community. They may be organized around geographic boundaries, such as a city or county, or around specific populations, such as individuals with chronic illnesses or low-income communities.

Rural health services refer to the healthcare delivery systems and facilities that are located in rural areas and are designed to meet the unique health needs of rural populations. These services can include hospitals, clinics, community health centers, mental health centers, and home health agencies, as well as various programs and initiatives aimed at improving access to care, addressing health disparities, and promoting health and wellness in rural communities.

Rural health services are often characterized by longer travel distances to healthcare facilities, a greater reliance on primary care and preventive services, and a higher prevalence of certain health conditions such as chronic diseases, injuries, and mental health disorders. As a result, rural health services must be tailored to address these challenges and provide high-quality, affordable, and accessible care to rural residents.

In many countries, rural health services are supported by government policies and programs aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure, workforce development, and telehealth technologies in rural areas. These efforts are critical for ensuring that all individuals, regardless of where they live, have access to the healthcare services they need to maintain their health and well-being.

Community Mental Health Services (CMHS) refer to mental health care services that are provided in community settings, as opposed to traditional hospital-based or institutional care. These services are designed to be accessible, comprehensive, and coordinated, with the goal of promoting recovery, resilience, and improved quality of life for individuals with mental illnesses.

CMHS may include a range of services such as:

1. Outpatient care: Including individual and group therapy, medication management, and case management services provided in community clinics or healthcare centers.
2. Assertive Community Treatment (ACT): A team-based approach to providing comprehensive mental health services to individuals with severe and persistent mental illnesses who may have difficulty engaging in traditional outpatient care.
3. Crisis intervention: Including mobile crisis teams, emergency psychiatric evaluations, and short-term residential crisis stabilization units.
4. Supported housing and employment: Services that help individuals with mental illnesses to live independently in the community and to obtain and maintain competitive employment.
5. Prevention and early intervention: Programs that aim to identify and address mental health issues before they become more severe, such as suicide prevention programs, bullying prevention, and early psychosis detection and treatment.
6. Peer support: Services provided by individuals who have personal experience with mental illness and can offer support, guidance, and advocacy to others who are struggling with similar issues.
7. Family education and support: Programs that provide information, resources, and support to family members of individuals with mental illnesses.

The goal of CMHS is to provide accessible, comprehensive, and coordinated care that meets the unique needs of each individual and helps them to achieve their recovery goals in the community setting.

Home care services, also known as home health care, refer to a wide range of health and social services delivered at an individual's residence. These services are designed to help people who have special needs or disabilities, those recovering from illness or surgery, and the elderly or frail who require assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) or skilled nursing care.

Home care services can include:

1. Skilled Nursing Care: Provided by registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs), or licensed vocational nurses (LVNs) to administer medications, wound care, injections, and other medical treatments. They also monitor the patient's health status, provide education on disease management, and coordinate with other healthcare professionals.
2. Therapy Services: Occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech-language pathologists help patients regain strength, mobility, coordination, balance, and communication skills after an illness or injury. They develop personalized treatment plans to improve the patient's ability to perform daily activities independently.
3. Personal Care/Assistance with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs): Home health aides and personal care assistants provide assistance with bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, and other personal care tasks. They may also help with light housekeeping, meal preparation, and shopping.
4. Social Work Services: Provided by licensed social workers who assess the patient's psychosocial needs, connect them to community resources, and provide counseling and support for patients and their families.
5. Nutritional Support: Registered dietitians evaluate the patient's nutritional status, develop meal plans, and provide education on special diets or feeding techniques as needed.
6. Telehealth Monitoring: Remote monitoring of a patient's health status using technology such as video conferencing, wearable devices, or mobile apps to track vital signs, medication adherence, and symptoms. This allows healthcare providers to monitor patients closely and adjust treatment plans as necessary without requiring in-person visits.
7. Hospice Care: End-of-life care provided in the patient's home to manage pain, provide emotional support, and address spiritual needs. The goal is to help the patient maintain dignity and quality of life during their final days.
8. Respite Care: Temporary relief for family caregivers who need a break from caring for their loved ones. This can include short-term stays in assisted living facilities or hiring professional caregivers to provide in-home support.

**Referral:**
A referral in the medical context is the process where a healthcare professional (such as a general practitioner or primary care physician) sends or refers a patient to another healthcare professional who has specialized knowledge and skills to address the patient's specific health condition or concern. This could be a specialist, a consultant, or a facility that provides specialized care. The referral may involve transferring the patient's care entirely to the other professional or may simply be for a consultation and advice.

**Consultation:**
A consultation in healthcare is a process where a healthcare professional seeks the opinion or advice of another professional regarding a patient's medical condition. This can be done in various ways, such as face-to-face meetings, phone calls, or written correspondence. The consulting professional provides their expert opinion to assist in the diagnosis, treatment plan, or management of the patient's condition. The ultimate decision and responsibility for the patient's care typically remain with the referring or primary healthcare provider.

Community hospitals are healthcare facilities that provide a range of medical services to the local population in a given geographic area. They are typically smaller than major teaching or tertiary care hospitals and offer a more personalized level of care. The services provided by community hospitals may include general medical, surgical, obstetrical, and pediatric care, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic services such as laboratory testing, imaging, and rehabilitation.

Community hospitals often play an important role in providing access to healthcare for underserved populations and may offer specialized programs to address the specific health needs of the communities they serve. They may also collaborate with other healthcare providers, such as primary care physicians, specialists, and long-term care facilities, to provide coordinated care and improve outcomes for patients.

Overall, community hospitals are an essential component of the healthcare system and play a vital role in providing high-quality, accessible care to local populations.

"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices" (HKAP) is a term used in public health to refer to the knowledge, beliefs, assumptions, and behaviors that individuals possess or engage in that are related to health. Here's a brief definition of each component:

1. Health Knowledge: Refers to the factual information and understanding that individuals have about various health-related topics, such as anatomy, physiology, disease processes, and healthy behaviors.
2. Attitudes: Represent the positive or negative evaluations, feelings, or dispositions that people hold towards certain health issues, practices, or services. These attitudes can influence their willingness to adopt and maintain healthy behaviors.
3. Practices: Encompass the specific actions or habits that individuals engage in related to their health, such as dietary choices, exercise routines, hygiene practices, and use of healthcare services.

HKAP is a multidimensional concept that helps public health professionals understand and address various factors influencing individual and community health outcomes. By assessing and addressing knowledge gaps, negative attitudes, or unhealthy practices, interventions can be designed to promote positive behavior change and improve overall health status.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Organizational Culture" is a term commonly used in the field of organizational studies and management, rather than in medical terminology. It refers to the shared values, beliefs, practices, customs, and traditions that shape the behavior and attitudes of members within an organization.

However, I can provide you with a definition related to healthcare:

"Organizational Culture in Healthcare" often refers to the unique social and psychological environment or climate within a healthcare organization, which influences the way its employees and managers think, feel, and behave. This culture is frequently reflected in the organization's policies, practices, and decision-making processes, as well as in its approach to patient care, safety, quality, and staff development. A positive organizational culture in healthcare can contribute to improved patient outcomes, increased job satisfaction, and reduced staff turnover.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Great Britain" is not a medical concept or condition. It is a geographical and political term referring to the largest island in the British Isles, on which the majority of England, Scotland, and Wales are located. It's also used to refer to the political union of these three countries, which is called the United Kingdom. Therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition.

In the context of medical education, a curriculum refers to the planned and organized sequence of experiences and learning opportunities designed to achieve specific educational goals and objectives. It outlines the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that medical students or trainees are expected to acquire during their training program. The curriculum may include various components such as lectures, small group discussions, clinical rotations, simulations, and other experiential learning activities. It is typically developed and implemented by medical education experts and faculty members in consultation with stakeholders, including learners, practitioners, and patients.

In a medical context, "faculty" most commonly refers to the inherent abilities or powers of a normal functioning part of the body or mind. For example, one might speak of the "faculties of perception" to describe the senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. It can also refer to the teaching staff or body of instructors at a medical school or other educational institution. Additionally, it can be used more generally to mean a capability or skill, as in "the faculty of quick thinking."

Community health planning is a systematic and continuous process that involves assessing the health needs and resources of a defined population, setting priorities for health improvement, and developing and implementing action plans to achieve those priorities. It is a collaborative effort between various stakeholders, including community members, healthcare providers, public health professionals, and other relevant organizations. The goal of community health planning is to improve the overall health and well-being of the community by addressing the social, environmental, and economic factors that impact health. This process typically involves the following steps:

1. Needs assessment: Identifying the health needs and priorities of the community through data collection and analysis, including demographic information, health status indicators, and healthcare utilization patterns.
2. Resource assessment: Identifying the available resources in the community, such as healthcare facilities, public health programs, and community-based organizations that can be leveraged to address the identified needs.
3. Priority setting: Determining the most pressing health issues that need to be addressed based on the needs and resource assessments. This involves engaging stakeholders in a participatory process to identify shared priorities.
4. Plan development: Developing an action plan that outlines specific strategies, activities, and timelines for addressing the identified priorities. The plan should also include indicators for measuring progress and evaluating outcomes.
5. Implementation: Putting the action plan into practice by engaging community members, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders in implementing the strategies and activities outlined in the plan.
6. Evaluation: Monitoring and evaluating the progress of the action plan to ensure that it is achieving the desired outcomes and making adjustments as needed.

Community health planning is an essential component of public health practice because it helps to ensure that resources are allocated effectively, priorities are aligned with community needs, and interventions are tailored to the unique characteristics of the population being served.

I'm happy to help, but it seems there might be some confusion in your question. "Interviews" is a broad topic that isn't typically a medical term or subject. However, interviews can certainly be a part of medical settings and procedures, such as job interviews for healthcare positions, patient interviews during medical consultations, or research interviews in clinical studies.

In the context of medical education, an interview might refer to the process by which medical schools evaluate applicants for admission, known as the medical school interview. This is a critical component of the application process and typically involves one-on-one conversations between the applicant and an admissions committee member or a series of multiple mini-interviews (MMIs) with various evaluators.

If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by "Interviews as Topic" in a medical setting, I'd be happy to help further!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "England" is not a medical term or concept. It is one of the four constituent countries that make up the United Kingdom, along with Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. England is located in the southern part of Great Britain, which is the largest island of the British Isles.

If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you!

Patient safety is defined as the prevention, reduction, and elimination of errors, injuries, accidents, and other adverse events that can harm patients during the delivery of healthcare. It involves the creation of a healthcare environment that is safe for patients, where risks are minimized, and patient care is consistently delivered at a high quality level. Patient safety is an essential component of healthcare quality and is achieved through evidence-based practices, continuous improvement, education, and collaboration among healthcare professionals, patients, and their families.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "pilot projects" is not a medical term per se. Instead, it is a general term used in various fields, including healthcare and medicine, to describe a small-scale initiative that is implemented on a temporary basis to evaluate its feasibility, effectiveness, or impact before deciding whether to expand or continue it.

In the context of healthcare, pilot projects might involve testing new treatment protocols, implementing innovative care models, or introducing technology solutions in a limited setting to assess their potential benefits and drawbacks. The results of these projects can help inform decisions about broader implementation and provide valuable insights for improving the quality and efficiency of healthcare services.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Netherlands" is not a medical term. It is a country located in Western Europe, known for its artistic heritage, elaborate canal system, and legalized marijuana and prostitution. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

Pharmacy ethics refers to the principles that guide the behavior and decision-making of pharmacists and other healthcare professionals involved in the provision of medications and related services. These principles are based on values such as respect for autonomy, beneficence (doing good), non-maleficence (doing no harm), justice, and fidelity (faithfulness to commitments).

Pharmacy ethics encompass a wide range of issues, including:

* Informed consent: ensuring that patients understand the risks and benefits of medications and make voluntary decisions about their use.
* Confidentiality: protecting patient information and respecting privacy.
* Professional competence: maintaining knowledge and skills to provide safe and effective care.
* Conflict of interest: avoiding situations where personal or professional interests could compromise patient care.
* Allocation of resources: making fair and equitable decisions about the distribution of medications and related services.
* End-of-life care: respecting patients' wishes and providing appropriate care at the end of life.

Pharmacy ethics are guided by professional codes of conduct, legal regulations, and ethical theories and principles. Pharmacists and other healthcare professionals are expected to uphold these standards and engage in ongoing reflection and education to promote ethical practice.

Some community pharmacies employ consultant pharmacists and/or provide consulting services. The main principle of consultant ... The majority of pharmacy technicians work in community pharmacies. In hospital pharmacies, pharmacy technicians may be managed ... Pharmacies within hospitals differ considerably from community pharmacies. Some pharmacists in hospital pharmacies may have ... Veterinary pharmacies, sometimes called animal pharmacies, may fall in the category of hospital pharmacy, retail pharmacy or ...
The community pharmacy consultation service started from 29 October 2019. Patients can be referred to community pharmacies from ... The services provided under contract to the NHS in community pharmacies and by community pharmacists are regulated in part by ... "Community pharmacy hospital discharge service to launch in Scotland". Pharmaceutical Journal. 27 August 2021. Retrieved 4 ... The NHS Discharge Medicines Service started on 15 February 2021. Hospitals digitally refer patients to community pharmacies for ...
... scored independent community pharmacies the highest based on overall satisfaction and service among all types of pharmacy ... The most commonly offered services by independent pharmacies are delivery services. Most independent pharmacies provide durable ... of independent pharmacy owners have ownership in two or more pharmacies. The average independent community pharmacy location ... An independent pharmacy is a retail pharmacy that is not directly affiliated with any chain of pharmacies and is not owned (or ...
"About Community Pharmacy". Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee. Retrieved 8 July 2014. "Pharmacy in Europe: France". ... "Pharmacy". Scottish Government. Retrieved 8 July 2014. "Careers in pharmacy: Pharmacy roles: Community pharmacy". Royal ... Under the 2005 NHS Community Pharmacy contract all community pharmacists in England and Wales provide: Dispensing Service ... "About community pharmacy". Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee. Retrieved 30 November 2015. "Digital hospital-to- ...
The National Pharmacy Association is a British industry trade association for independent Community Pharmacy established in ... The NPA have been critical of the British Government's push for increased online pharmacy services citing that more online ... Official website Has community pharmacy learned to make itself heard? 2016 (Articles with VIAF identifiers, Articles with LCCN ... The NPA is officially designated as the Medication Safety Officer for all independent community pharmacies in England with ...
... community pharmacy; dentistry and physiotherapy; and out-of-hours and emergency services. The Health Creation Alliance also ... Communities of Care', equivalent to NHS England's Multispecialty Community Providers. Other networks include people-powered ... It represents all providers of primary care including general practice; community eye, hearing and foot care; ... Creating a Community of Care (October 2014) were early articulations of NHS England's Five Year Forward View, describing the ...
Community Pharmacy Wales is a related organisation. Most of the English national pharmacy contract negotiated by PSNC has been ... won an award from the Health Service Journal in 2015. The system generates a referral from the hospital pharmacy to a community ... is recognised by the UK Secretary of State for Health as representative of community pharmacy on National Health Service ... PSNC community pharmacy members run a web based system called PharmOutcomes which provides a system for provision, invoicing ...
Outpatient pharmacies, also known as community pharmacies or independent pharmacies, offer care in the form of medication ... Outpatient pharmacies typically are retail pharmacies that offer patient care services outside of hospitals and treatment ... "Pharmacy Information Systems: The Platform for Elevating Care in Specialty Pharmacy". Specialty Pharmacy Times. Archived from ... Pharmacy computer software is usually purchased ready-made or provided by a drug wholesaler as part of their service. Various ...
... provided the funding for additional clinical services intended to improve the use of PBS and RPBS medicines in the community. ... "0452 - The Pharmacy Guild of Australia". training.gov.au. Retrieved 26 May 2023. "Seventh Community Pharmacy Agreement (7CPA ... "The Guild website". The Pharmacy Guild of Australia. 18 May 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015. "Seventh Community Pharmacy Agreement ... The pharmacy agreements set out the amounts of the various fees ('pharmacy remuneration') which pharmacies are paid to dispense ...
This can include rehabilitation, pharmacy, community resources and more. Providing the most up-to-date and effective care for a ... Home health nurses have a wide range of duties and services provided, and in addition to services provided nurses also consult ... Assisted living Caregiver Community nursing Faith community nursing History of nursing Home care Hospice House call Nurse- ... There is a wide range of services that are performed by many different professionals, services include wound care, disease ...
... for good pharmacy service especially for carrying out pharmaceutical care not only in hospital but also in community pharmacies ... Subjects: Clinical pharmacy Pharmacy practice Pharmaceutical care Pharmacy administrative sciences Pharmacotherapy ... "International Good Pharmacy Practice for Developing Countries" and the "Standards for Quality of Pharmacy Services" and GPP ... on Professional Hospital Pharmacy Clinical Pharmacy Network in China WinPharm yxbj.com China Pharmacy Network Chinese Pharmacy ...
In theory, access to dispensing services 24 hours a day in locations previously unable to support full pharmacy operations. ... "Geographic Accessibility of Community Pharmacies in Ontario". Healthcare Policy. 6 (3): 36-45. doi:10.12927/hcpol.2011.22097. ... Nissen, Lisa; Tett, Susan (2003). "Can telepharmacy provide pharmacy services in the bush?". Journal of Telemedicine and ... "Regulations Under Drug And Pharmacies Regulation Act". Drug And Pharmacies Regulation Act. Ontario College of Pharmacists. ...
The State Pharmacies Company runs community pharmacies. There is a black market and counterfeit medicine is circulated. The ... A National Health Service has been established, but only extends to about half the population. Those who can afford to often ... The National Health Service depends on external financing to pay for medicine. There is considerable reliance on foreign non- ... In the National Health Service prescribable medicines must be included in the National Medicine Form or in the List of ...
Each ICS is to have a community pharmacy clinical lead, funded by the Pharmacy Integration Programme for the first two years. ... Keeping people out of hospital by moving services into the community is a common feature. NHS trusts, Clinical Commissioning ... Burns, Corrinne (4 February 2022). "NHS to appoint community pharmacy leads for each integrated health system". Pharmaceutical ... This may extend well beyond health and social care services to encompass public health and other services. In Manchester, the ...
Many pharmacies will collect drugs and dispose of them as a community service. Some regions have special government services ... The best source of local advice will be the community pharmacy. Pharmacies already handle drugs and will recommend what sort of ... The National Health Service (Pharmaceutical and Local Pharmaceutical Services) Regulations 2013, local pharmacies are obligated ... Sometimes, either a pharmacy or government service will provide a way to mail drugs to a special drug disposal facility. If ...
The town has a Community Pharmacy opened in 2014. There is a range of recreational facilities available including a 50-metre ... There is a district hospital, a childcare centre and a medical centre with a doctor and other health services. There are two ... The local shire council is based in Lake Grace and there is a Community Resource Centre (telecentre). The town is served three ... Protests by former staff and the local community halted the destruction, and the building was restored as a museum with the ...
Pharmaceutical Society of Australia, PSA Position Statement on Community Pharmacy Agreements (2009). Available at http://www. ... The organisation's services such as the Medicine Name Finder andMedicines Line are the most apparent representations of ... the Government allocated funds towards creation of the National Prescribing Service (NPS MedicineWise), a body tasked with ... National Prescribing Service, Medicines Line. Available at http://nps.org.au/consumers/ask_an_expert/contact_a_pharmacist/ ...
"Community pharmacy access to shared patient records 'not prioritised'". Pharmaceutical Journal. 15 February 2022. Retrieved 21 ... A Summary Care Record (SCR) is an electronic patient record, a summary of National Health Service patient data held on a ... "How to use the summary care record in community pharmacy". Pharmaceutical Journal. 26 April 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2017. " ... In August 2015 it was announced that retail pharmacies would be given access to NHS patients Summary Care Records after a pilot ...
The stations appear in supermarkets, pharmacies, and other community locations. Higi has nearly 6,500 health stations in the ... Higi is a consumer health service that provides publicly accessible health stations, offers educational content and health risk ... "New In-Store, Online, and Mobile Drugstore Services - Consumer Reports". Consumerreports.org. "Health kiosk maker higi raises $ ...
There are more than 700 community pharmacies. Out-of-hours services are provided by GO To DOC in Manchester, Tameside and ... pharmacy services and primary optical services The running costs of NHS England as far as they relate to the conurbation The ... Community care is provided by the hospital trusts in Manchester, and Tameside Bridgewater Community Healthcare NHS Foundation ... "Manchester plans 'radical scaling up' of shared services to close financial gap". Health Service Journal. 26 October 2015. ...
There is a community pharmacy, general store, butcher, bank and many other essential services. The Shire of Torres operates ... The Japanese community was in part indentured divers and boat hands who returned to Japan after a period of service and some ... Thursday Island has number of services open to the community, including a sporting complex, gym, public library as well as ... Torres Strait Islands communities, Islands of Far North Queensland, Aboriginal communities in Queensland, Thursday Island, ...
... and a pharmacy. The hospital provides rehabilatory services to patients who are medically fit to leave acute care, but for ... "Bradlegh Road Pharmacy, Newton Community Hospital, Bradlegh Road, Newton-le-Willows, Merseyside, WA12 8RB , NPN - The National ... Hospital and Health Services Review. Longman Group. 1983. "Newton Community Hospital". sthk.merseywestlancs.nhs.uk. Retrieved ... Newton Community Hospital, also known as Newton Hospital, is a sub-acute care NHS Hospital in Newton-le-willows, St Helens. It ...
... Pharmacy, an independent NHS Community Pharmacy, is situated adjacent to Pontllanfraith Medical Centre. ... The 26 and 151 services are run by Stagecoach Gold, and the 901 is a rail linc service. Pontllanfraith is under the ... The village includes the communities of the Penllwyn, Springfield and The Bryn. The population of the community at the 2011 ... Pontllanfraith was home to a Welsh coal mining community during the early to mid 20th century, providing homes for men working ...
It replaced an earlier service, Pharmacy Anywhere. In May 2020 it began to be used in community pharmacies. 87% of patients and ... The National Health Service (NHS) in Scotland was created by the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1947 in 1948 at the ... "Video consultation system could be offered to all Scottish community pharmacies". Pharmaceutical Journal. 21 May 2020. ... The ambulance service is supported by the Emergency Medical Retrieval Service and BASICS Scotland. Scotland spent over £12 ...
Community pharmacies: drugs and medications may be sold only by pharmacies. Supermarkets and diet shops may sell products such ... Specialised ambulant nursing services provide such nurse-at-home services for recovering patients and elderly people living at ... is limited to pharmacies. An establishment permit and an exploitation permit are required for pharmacies. Hospital Pharmacies ... They provide luxury services and luxury accommodation for patients who can afford such exclusive services. Healthcare Belgium ...
"Description of a Canadian Employer-Sponsored Smoking Cessation Program Utilizing Community Pharmacy-Based Cognitive Services". ... Financial services companies established in 1957, Health insurance companies of Canada, Companies based in Windsor, Ontario, ... As a not-for-profit, GSC either reinvests profits into the business, or into community health care initiatives across Canada. ... as well as administration services. GSC is incorporated under a Federal Act of Parliament and regulated by the Office of the ...
It also houses the Lake Crest Pharmacy, which serves Adams and neighboring communities as well. Offices pertaining to ... "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 18, 2022. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic ... A second event celebrated in the village is Adams Community Days, which hosts both volleyball, golf, and softball sporting ... Retrieved October 5, 2008.[dead link] "Medical Services". Village of Adams Website. Village of Adams. 2001. Archived from the ...
In 1967 he was the first person in PEI to receive the Robins Bowl of Hygeia award for community service. In 1981 he went to ... Roy owned and managed a community pharmacy in Prince Edward Island from 1949 to 1974. He served on the executive of The ... For his service he was awarded the Certificate of Recognition by the African Area President. Roy received The Canadian ... Roy Boates Avenue was named to honour Roy Boates, a previous Director of Pharmacy at the hospital. ...
"Pharmacists in Community Service Program". Appalachian College of Pharmacy. Retrieved 2015-11-13. "ACP Student Organizations". ... Students are required to complete one hundred hours of community service before beginning Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience ... Of the total one-hundred fifty hours, one hundred community service hours must be health-related, fifty of which must provide ... ACP requires that applicants apply online via PharmCAS (the Pharmacy College Application Service). Each applicant must also ...
The TTUHSC Pharmacy also provides telepharmacy services to the rural communities of Turkey and Earth, Texas. The first ... The School of Pharmacy's administrative hub is located in Amarillo and the school has regional campus sites in Lubbock, Dallas ... Over 80% of School of Pharmacy graduates have chosen to practice in Texas. Usually held in August, a new group of first-year ... Department of Pharmacy Practice Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences The Julia Jones ...
Provides clinical services and medications to patients in hospital and long-term care facilities. ... Service Providers May Include. pharmacists, pharmacy assistants, pharmacy technicians. Referral Needed. a doctors prescription ... Collaborates and interacts with healthcare service providers to provide clinical services and medications to patients in ... Service Access. Physician will prescribe medication as needed for patients within a hospital or long-term care facility. ...
Atlantis Pharmacy is a member of Community Pharmacy Enhanced Services Network (CPESN) Florida and Erin Dorval (preceptor) is a ... Atlantis Pharmacy, Atlantis, FL. Atlantis Pharmacy is an independent community pharmacy located one block north of JFK Medical ... work to improve existing enhanced pharmacy services or implement new enhanced pharmacy services at the partner pharmacy ... Gregory School of Pharmacy at Palm Beach Atlantic University is pleased to offer an Enhanced Community Pharmacy Services ...
Service specification. Advanced service specification for community pharmacy for the 2023/24 seasonal influenza vaccination ... Community pharmacy seasonal influenza vaccine service. Document first published:. 29 August 2017. Page updated:. 4 August 2023 ... This document is the advanced service specification for community pharmacy for the 2023/24 seasonal influenza vaccination ... This PGD is for the administration of inactivated influenza vaccine to adults in accordance with the community pharmacy ...
Valley Health is dedicated to meeting the medical needs of patients in our communities. Learn more about services provided. ... Community Pharmacy Residency Program. The residency at Valley Pharmacy focuses on community pharmacy practice providing ... The resident will develop programs to expand clinical services into the community with an emphasis on the development, ... Doctor of Pharmacy Degree (Pharm.D.) from an ACPE-accredited college. *Eligible for pharmacist licensure in the State of ...
"Community Pharmacy-based Medication Therapy Management Services: Financial Impact for Patients." Pharmacy Practice (Internet) ... Study patients were Medicare Part D beneficiaries eligible for MTM services. The primary outcome was the change in patient out- ... Secondary objectives include evaluating the patient and physician acceptance rates of the community pharmacists recommended ... experienced no out-of-pocket financial impact on their medication expenses as a result of MTM services. A total of 27% of the ...
Introduction of NHS Community Pharmacy Hypertension Case-Finding Advanced Service and Updates to the Community Pharmacy Covid- ... Introduction of NHS Community Pharmacy Hypertension Case-Finding Advanced Service and Updates to the Community Pharmacy Covid- ... Community Pharmacy Covid-19 Lateral Flow Device Distribution Service. An updated Community Pharmacy Covid-19 Lateral Flow ... introduce the NHS Community Pharmacy Hypertension Case-Finding Advanced Service. It will see community pharmacies help to ...
Experiences of a community pharmacy service to support adherence and self-management in chronic heart failure. International ... Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 36 (1), pp. 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9889-2 ... pay for performance community pharmacy HF service. Setting: Community pharmacies and community-based patients in Greater ... Community pharmacy based cognitive services have the potential to help, but we do not know how patients view community- ...
It stayed there, front and centre: perspectives on community pharmacys contribution to front-line healthcare services during ... It stayed there, front and centre: perspectives on community pharmacys contribution to front-line healthcare services during ... It stayed there, front and centre: perspectives on community pharmacys contribution to front-line healthcare services during ... any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service ...
Thirty-six pharmacies in Te Tai Tokerau (Northland) are offering the Community Pharmacy Minor Health Conditions Service. The ... 714 community pharmacies across the participating pharmacies have opted in to deliver the service. ... Community Pharmacy Minor Health Conditions Service Super Helpful 2 Aug 2023, 16:00. Since June 12, nearly 3500 Northland people ... Home » News & Publications » News » Community Pharmacy Minor Health Conditions Service Super Helpful ...
Contact Us , See all pharmacy locations Proud Supporter Of:. Murphys Pharmacies Community Centre is your home for community, ... Murphys Pharmacies Community Centre is your home for community, cultural and recreational events in the heart of Downtown ... Click to learn more about our vaccination services.. COVID-19 Vaccinations. See your Murphys Pharmacy team for your COVID-19 ... Select Your Local Murphys Pharmacies Location to Book a Vaccination. Central PEI Locations. Cornwall. East Royalty. Kinlock. ...
A cross-sectional study which employed the use of three simulated patients (SPs) visit to 36 selected community pharmacies in ... The community pharmacists displayed fair ability in detecting and resolving DTRPs. Several barriers preventing the optimal ... pharmacy education and practice in Nigeria need to mount Continuing Education Program to address this deficit among community ... This study evaluated the ability of community pharmacists to identify and resolve DTRPs and assessed the perceived barriers to ...
This impacted the daily lives of people with ostomy and opened a new market of products and services for pharmacies. However, ... multicentre study involving pharmacy users who acquired ostomy products in Portuguese community pharmacies. Data were collected ... This study describes the profile of people with ostomy and their caregivers who attend community pharmacies in Portugal. ... This study aims to characterize people with ostomy and their caregivers, evaluate access and satisfaction with the pharmacy and ...
Boots UK audit shows willingness to pay for a pre-travel health service in community pharmacy 30 June 2017 ... 42% of travellers accessing the community pharmacy service were last minute travellers (14 days or less to departure). ... Boots UK audit shows willingness to pay for a pre-travel health service in community pharmacy ... Community pharmacy may become even more important in the provision of travel health medicines particularly if the NHS does stop ...
Home » Services » Health Care Services » Community Choice Pharmacy. Community Choice Pharmacy is now open within the Rexdale ... Community Health Center to provide services:. *We can dispense all your prescription medication and help you choose from a ... Our new compression stocking service is now available at your convenience. Let us know how we can help. ...
You are here: Home Newsroom News Boots UK audit shows willingness to pay for a pre-travel health service in community pharmacy ... Boots UK audit shows willingness to pay for a pre-travel health service in community pharmacy 30 June 2017 ... 42% of travellers accessing the community pharmacy service were last minute travellers (14 days or less to departure). ... Community pharmacy may become even more important in the provision of travel health medicines particularly if the NHS does stop ...
Medina Perucha L, Scott J, Chapman S, Barnett J, Dack C, Family H. Sexual health services in community pharmacy for women on ... EJPH_Sexual_health_services_in_community_pharmacy_for_women_on_opioid_substitution_treatment_FINAL_AUTHOR_VERSION.PDF. This is ... Medina Perucha, L, Scott, J, Chapman, S, Barnett, J, Dack, C & Family, H 2020, Sexual health services in community pharmacy ... Sexual health services in community pharmacy for women on opioid substitution treatment: a qualitative study. In: European ...
SPS - Specialist Pharmacy Service - The first stop for professional medicines advice. Accessibility · Terms and Conditions · ... 15 August 2016 · This article is part two of three explaining the workings of pharmacy procurement for pharmacy staff not ... Specialist Pharmacy Service. All Rights Reserved. NHS-SPS 1 ... SPS - Specialist Pharmacy Service. The first stop for ... 18 November 2020 · This article is designed to cover those items that pharmacy trust buyers (i.e. the person in the trust ...
OK community. Our Pharmacy honors prescription plans, including Medicare. ... Here at Jack Rx Health Mart Pharmacy we have a commitment to the Maysville, ... Our Health Mart pharmacy specializes in serving our community with fast, friendly, professional service and the highest-quality ...
FL community. Our Pharmacy honors prescription plans, including Medicare. ... Our Health Mart pharmacy specializes in serving our community with fast, friendly, professional service and the highest-quality ... Youll always work with somebody at our pharmacy who greets you by name, and our pharmacists take the time to counsel you and ...
Dive into the research topics of Economic Evaluation of Hospital and Community Pharmacy Services. Together they form a unique ... We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies ...
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Local Commissioned Services or LCS). There is also the possibility that services are co-commissioned by NHS England and ICBs ... Local Enhanced Services or LES) or by Integrated Care Boards (ICB) or Local Authorities ( ... Services may be commissioned locally either by NHS England ( ... Community Pharmacy Home Delivery Service during the COVID-19 ... Community Pharmacy LES agreement for COVID-19 vaccination 2020.12.pdf Community Pharmacy letter to sites preparing delivery of ...
Omnicare specialized long-term-care pharmacy services provide value and simplicity for senior living communities. ... we offer medication services for your community through our long-term care and retail pharmacies. Together, we can make ... Have confidence in our specialized services. Your community will have access to a team of dedicated resources to help you ... No matter the specific kind of senior care you provide, you can rely on us to deliver specialized pharmacy services that best ...
Check out the Channell Drugs health services and let us help you today! ...
Our pharmacies give patients access to low-cost medications without insurance. ... The pharmacies are a direct link between patients and the medications needed to get well. Christ Community fills over 179,000 ... Pharmacy. Our pharmacies, located in our Broad Avenue, East Jackson, Frayser, Hickory Hill, Orange Mound and Third Street ... Locations Providing This Service. Broad Avenue Health Center. 2861 Broad Ave., Memphis, TN 38112 ...
Community Pharmacy Consultation Service. When appropriate the Practice may send patients with minor illness conditions for a ... Why is this a good thing for patients? Community pharmacies are local, open longer hours than the GP practice and can offer you ... at a pharmacy of their choice. Nearly four out of five people (78%) who had a consultation with a community pharmacist were ... you will be offered a same day private consultation with a community pharmacist at [insert local choice of pharmacies]. ...
NHS England and Community Pharmacy England, the service specification for the Pharmacy First service, which… ... is-pharmacy. 30 days. Hides the Do you work in community pharmacy? hero prompt if the user has already selected yes ... Community Pharmacy England is the operating name of the Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee. ... Pharmacy press LloydsPharmacy, once holding the position of the countrys second-largest community pharmacy chain has confirmed ...
Traditionally, pharmacies have almost solely been involved with the dispensing of medications to patients. Due to changes in ... Outpatient pharmacies have always been an essential community partner with the San Bernardino County Department of Behavioral ... DBH Medical Services worked to establish partnerships with many of our community pharmacies, to encourage the option of ... Partnership with Community Pharmacies. Outpatient pharmacies have always been an essential community partner with the San ...
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Check out the Hilltop Pharmacy health services and let us help you today! ... Pharmacy Solutions Offered. We are proud to be your source for all of your pharmaceutical needs. ...
  • The trainee who completes this program will have an opportunity to refine clinical practice skills, develop skills in implementing clinical services and practice-based research, engage in entrepreneurial and business management activities, and gain experience in teaching student pharmacists. (pba.edu)
  • This faith-based program prepares pharmacists as servant leaders within the profession and provides practitioners with unique opportunities and experiences in the community-based pharmacy setting. (pba.edu)
  • Objective: To determine the direct financial impact for patients resulting from Medication Therapy Management (MTM) interventions made by community pharmacists. (ku.edu)
  • Secondary objectives include evaluating the patient and physician acceptance rates of the community pharmacists' recommended MTM interventions. (ku.edu)
  • Objective: We aimed to explore and portray in detail, the perspectives of patients receiving, and pharmacists delivering an enhanced, pay for performance community pharmacy HF service. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Results: Pharmacists voiced their confidence in delivering the service and highlighted valued aspects including the structured consultation and repeated contacts with patients enabling the opportunity to improve self care and medicines adherence. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Conclusion: Both patients receiving and pharmacists delivering a cognitive HF service felt that it addressed a shortfall in current care. (stir.ac.uk)
  • While pharmacists will see walk-in customers, some may offer a booking service for consultations requiring more time and attention. (northlanddhb.org.nz)
  • This study evaluated the ability of community pharmacists to identify and resolve DTRPs and assessed the perceived barriers to DTRP identification and resolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The community pharmacists displayed fair ability in detecting and resolving DTRPs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The regulatory authority of pharmacy education and practice in Nigeria need to mount Continuing Education Program to address this deficit among community pharmacists. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since most drugs for self-medication and prescription refills are obtained from the community pharmacies, community pharmacists are in a vantage position to detect and resolve DTRPs like their hospital counterpart. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Participants' perceptions of the utility of different proposed services and pharmacist knowledge, as well as the low coverage of ostomy nursing care, highlight the opportunity for an extended role of pharmacists among this group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study examined multiple dimensions, such as access to pharmacy and ostomy products, impacts on expenditure, and participants' satisfaction with and perceptions of pharmacists. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This has resulted in a growing demand in the UK for pharmacists working in the community sector to become involved in the provision of vaccination and travel health services. (boots-uk.com)
  • METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 WOST and 14 community pharmacists (CPs). (bath.ac.uk)
  • You'll always work with somebody at our pharmacy who greets you by name, and our pharmacists take the time to counsel you and answer your questions. (healthmart.com)
  • Community pharmacists have already successfully seen thousands of patients for a consultation for a minor illness, following a call to NHS 111. (ashlea.nhs.uk)
  • We found that this increased the acceptability of uptake and the acceptability of delivery by pharmacists because it was a service for the whole community rather than something specifically focused on people who inject drugs. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • Pharmacists may also be small business proprietors, owning the pharmacy in which they practice. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Commission for Certification in Geriatric Pharmacy certifies pharmacists in geriatric pharmacy practice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pharmacy technicians support the work of pharmacists and other health professionals by performing a variety of pharmacy-related functions, including dispensing prescription drugs and other medical devices to patients and instructing on their use. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our pharmacists see patients by appointment to help them understand their medications better, and work with patients, their doctors and community pharmacists (and other health providers) to ensure they are taking the best medications for them, and using them in a way to ensure they are receiving the full benefit. (mun.ca)
  • The MTS Clinic also provides support to community pharmacists through education and mentorship opportunities, and is a teaching centre for pharmacy students and other learners. (mun.ca)
  • The services are possible because of collaborative practice agreements in which physicians have authorized pharmacists to perform certain tasks according to protocols specified in collaborative practice agreements. (medscape.com)
  • In one Goodrich location-the pharmacy at St. Francis County Market Grocery Store-a collaborative practice agreement permits pharmacists to conduct rapid influenza and strep testing. (medscape.com)
  • Baseline and endline surveys of 500 GPs, 500 practice nurses and 500 pharmacists in the general community to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices in LARC and EMA service provision. (who.int)
  • Advanced service specification for community pharmacy for the 2023/24 seasonal influenza vaccination programme and patient group direction (PGD). (england.nhs.uk)
  • This document is the advanced service specification for community pharmacy for the 2023/24 seasonal influenza vaccination programme. (england.nhs.uk)
  • The initiative is part of the Minister of Health's 2023 Winter Plan to reduce pressure on primary and hospital services. (northlanddhb.org.nz)
  • All medical locations are OPEN for in-person services on Feb. 2, 2023 at 12 noon. (christcommunityhealth.org)
  • However, in April 2022, NHS England and NHS Improvement, the Department of Health and Social Care and the PSNC agreed that the service should continue to be commissioned until 31 March 2023. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • From the 1st December 2023 contractors will be able to sign up to deliver the service. (communitypharmacy.org.uk)
  • The fellow will receive an appointment as an instructor of pharmacy practice. (pba.edu)
  • In addition, both JFK Medical Center and JFK Internal Medicine and Faculty Practice collaborate with the pharmacy to achieve positive patient outcomes. (pba.edu)
  • Additional patient care opportunities may be available at the pharmacy practice sites. (pba.edu)
  • The fellow will actively work to improve existing enhanced pharmacy services or implement new enhanced pharmacy services at the partner pharmacy practice site. (pba.edu)
  • The residency at Valley Pharmacy focuses on community pharmacy practice providing comprehensive patient care in a hospital based, outpatient setting. (valleyhealthlink.com)
  • Upon successful completion of this program, the resident will be prepared to be an advanced practice community pharmacist embracing the opportunities for transition from the inpatient to outpatient setting. (valleyhealthlink.com)
  • Elective opportunities are available in different practice areas such as ambulatory care, academia, and pharmacy management. (valleyhealthlink.com)
  • Pharmacy Practice (Internet) 10.3 (2012): 119-24. (ku.edu)
  • When appropriate the Practice may send patients with minor illness conditions for a same day consultation with a community pharmacist. (ashlea.nhs.uk)
  • Community pharmacies are local, open longer hours than the GP practice and can offer you the same consultation outcome at a time that is more convenient for you. (ashlea.nhs.uk)
  • Almost half a million women will no longer need to speak to a practice nurse or GP to access oral contraception and will instead be able to pop into their local pharmacy for it, according to the government announcement. (pharmacy.biz)
  • The University of Missouri Health Care postgraduate year one (PGY1) Community-based Pharmacy residency program will facilitate the development of leaders and educators in outpatient pharmacy practice. (muhealth.org)
  • Based on the setting, pharmacy practice is either classified as community or institutional pharmacy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The scope of pharmacy practice includes more traditional roles such as compounding and dispensing of medications. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] The field of pharmacy can generally be divided into three primary disciplines: Pharmaceutics Pharmacokinetics Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Pharmacy Practice The boundaries between these disciplines and with other sciences, such as biochemistry, are not always clear-cut. (wikipedia.org)
  • Those who wish to practice both pharmacy (patient-oriented) and pharmacology (a biomedical science requiring the scientific method) receive separate training and degrees unique to either discipline. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exclusion criteria: Family planning services provided outside of the general practice or community pharmacy setting. (who.int)
  • The AusCAPPS community of practice is an online network designed to connect and develop skills of GPs, PNs and CPs in LARC and EMA. (who.int)
  • Women's access to LARC and EMA services in primary care through an online community of practice (AusCAPPS). (who.int)
  • Community pharmacy based cognitive services have the potential to help, but we do not know how patients view community-pharmacist-led services for patients with HF. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Since June 12, nearly 3500 Northland people have used a newly funded health service encouraging visits to a local pharmacist for advice and medicine for minor health conditions. (northlanddhb.org.nz)
  • If they indicate that you can best be helped by a pharmacist, you will be offered a same day private consultation with a community pharmacist at [insert local choice of pharmacies]. (ashlea.nhs.uk)
  • What happens when I see the community pharmacist? (ashlea.nhs.uk)
  • If you have minor illness symptoms that can be treated the same day through a consultation with a qualified community pharmacist, but do not want to accept this referral, you will be offered a routine appointment with your GP at a future date. (ashlea.nhs.uk)
  • Children aged over one years are eligible to use this service and can be seen by the pharmacist. (ashlea.nhs.uk)
  • Nearly four out of five people (78%) who had a consultation with a community pharmacist were successfully helped. (ashlea.nhs.uk)
  • The aim of this review was to assess the evidence for the comparative effectiveness of implementation strategies for pharmacist delivered professional services in the community pharmacy . (bvsalud.org)
  • The account manager and consultant pharmacist will provide pharmacy support for medication delivery and management, help ensure regulatory compliance and deliver medication management training, tailored to the needs of each home's staff and residents. (genoahealthcare.com)
  • The Pharmacy First service will also incorporate the existing Community Pharmacist Consultation Service (CPCS). (communitypharmacy.org.uk)
  • The PGY1 Community-based residency at University of Missouri Health Care builds upon the Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) education and outcomes to develop community‐based pharmacist practitioners with diverse patient care, leadership, and education skills who are eligible to pursue advanced training opportunities including postgraduate year two (PGY2) residencies and professional certifications. (muhealth.org)
  • The Medication Therapy Services Clinic, or MTS Clinic, is the province's only "pharmacist-clinic" which is run by the School of Pharmacy at Memorial University. (mun.ca)
  • While 83.6% of respondents reported that pharmacy services were available in the ED only 30.7% had a permanent clinical pharmacist working there. (who.int)
  • Our pharmacies, located in our Broad Avenue, East Jackson, Frayser, Hickory Hill, Orange Mound and Third Street health centers, provide low-cost medications to patients without the need for insurance. (christcommunityhealth.org)
  • On September 1, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a proposed rule that would impose minimum staffing standards for the approximately 758 county-owned or operated long-term care facilities that participate in Medicare or Medicaid. (naco.org)
  • In 2014, a greater percentage of residential care communities than adult day service centers provided five of seven selected services. (cdc.gov)
  • An audit of data from the Boots Travel Vaccinations and Health Advice service clearly shows the benefits of providing an option for travellers to access their travel health advice and vaccinations in the community pharmacy. (boots-uk.com)
  • The Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy at Palm Beach Atlantic University is pleased to offer an Enhanced Community Pharmacy Services Fellowship. (pba.edu)
  • The Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy at Palm Beach Atlantic University exists to produce servant leaders within the pharmacy profession. (pba.edu)
  • The fellow may elect to complete a teaching certificate program within the School of Pharmacy. (pba.edu)
  • The resident will be given the opportunity to complete the Shenandoah University School of Pharmacy Residency Teaching and Learning Curriculum Program. (valleyhealthlink.com)
  • As a Valley Health System entity there is a vast opportunity to expand on and develop selected clinical services critical to patient outcomes and the continuum of care. (valleyhealthlink.com)
  • Our program provides innovative opportunities for community outreach and fosters collaboration to improve patient outcomes across the continuum of care. (muhealth.org)
  • This PGD is for the administration of inactivated influenza vaccine to adults in accordance with the community pharmacy seasonal influenza vaccination advanced service and national influenza immunisation programme. (england.nhs.uk)
  • Children consistently have the highest attack rates of influ- nent of the vaccine is new for this season .6,7 enza in the community during seasonal influenza epidemics. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusions: Patient participation in MTM services reduces patient out-of-pocket medication expense. (ku.edu)
  • Murphy's Pharmacies Community Centre is your home for community, cultural and recreational events in the heart of Downtown Charlottetown. (murphyspharmacies.com)
  • Service users who do not initially respond to the text message will be contacted by phone by the Referral Management Centre to support them through the process. (england.nhs.uk)
  • The staff at Port Cares has provided invaluable advice as to topics, logistics and advertising tools for our seminar series, The staff at Bridges Community Health Centre developed and circulates all our publicity material including e blasts, brochures, posters and messaging. (who.int)
  • Patients reported the service helped them to enact HF medicines and HF self care management strategies. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Community pharmacy may become even more important in the provision of travel health medicines particularly if the NHS does stop the funding for travel vaccines. (boots-uk.com)
  • Our Health Mart pharmacy specializes in serving our community with fast, friendly, professional service and the highest-quality medicines and health products. (healthmart.com)
  • Medicines that can be purchased in a pharmacy to treat minor illnesses, are usually inexpensive and would not normally be prescribed by your GP anyway. (ashlea.nhs.uk)
  • Six studies were identified, assessing the implementation of services improving use of medicines (n = 2), primary care and public health services (n = 3), and one study evaluating the implementation of services in both categories. (bvsalud.org)
  • Incorporation into pharmacy stock control systems, e-prescribing systems and any other systems used to support NHS medicines management is going to be key to supporting integrated patient care moving forward. (pharmacy180.com)
  • The mission of the pharmacy is to work collaboratively with healthcare professionals to provide optimal pharmaceutical care to all patients. (pba.edu)
  • With 2,509* stores in the UK, Boots UK is committed to providing exceptional customer and patient care, be the first choice for pharmacy and healthcare and offer innovative 'only at Boots' exclusive products such as the UK's leading skincare brand No7, all delivered with the great value customers love. (boots-uk.com)
  • Structural changes are also needed to broaden the services available for this group of women and improve their access to healthcare. (bath.ac.uk)
  • The AACP , founded in 1900, is the national organization representing pharmacy education in the U.S. Pharmacy is the third largest health profession - after nursing and medicine - with more than 300,000 clinicians practicing in community-based practices, hospitals/health systems and many other healthcare settings. (cdc.gov)
  • PHOENIX, Ariz. (Aug. 12, 2021) - Majestic Residences and Genoa Healthcare announced this week the rollout of their new pharmacy services relationship to serve Majestic's growing number of assisted living communities, with the goal of improving resident and staff satisfaction, increasing medication accuracy and simplifying care management. (genoahealthcare.com)
  • Genoa Healthcare specializes in providing the type of local, customized care people expect from their neighborhood pharmacy," said Stacey Bane, Genoa's vice president for assisted living facility sales. (genoahealthcare.com)
  • Genoa Healthcare is a leading pharmacy services provider specializing in serving people with complex, chronic health conditions, whose high-touch approach has been shown to help people stay on their medications and out of the hospital or emergency room. (genoahealthcare.com)
  • For over 20 years, Genoa Healthcare has been dedicated to providing high-touch, relationship-driven pharmacy services to long-term care communities. (genoahealthcare.com)
  • Genoa Healthcare is part of OptumRx, a leading pharmacy care services company. (genoahealthcare.com)
  • A vital aspect of expanding access and care for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States is broadening responsibility for this care across the healthcare system and other community resources, according to an article published online July 6 in Clinical Infectious Diseases . (medscape.com)
  • Doing so also requires normalizing sexual health services across healthcare professions. (medscape.com)
  • In response to a growing need for behavioral health care services, counties are working to establish and bolster access to comprehensive continuums of care for their community members. (naco.org)
  • See your Murphy's Pharmacy team for your COVID-19 vaccine. (murphyspharmacies.com)
  • We're a CVS Health® company, which means your residents and staff can take advantage of onsite flu vaccine clinics and vaccination services at MinuteClinic® locations. (omnicare.com)
  • PGY1 Community-based Pharmacy Residency experience is preferred but not required. (pba.edu)
  • Residency positions are filled according to the rules of the National Matching Service (NMS). (muhealth.org)
  • Study patients were Medicare Part D beneficiaries eligible for MTM services. (ku.edu)
  • Those eligible for the service are Māori and Pacific people, children under 14 years and their whānau, and community service card holders. (northlanddhb.org.nz)
  • Additionally, the funding for the service was not considered adequate by the committee to cover the costs of setting up and providing the service, particularly where the number of potential eligible patients for an individual pharmacy was likely to be very low," he said. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • The 340B Drug Pricing Program helps participating organizations - or covered entities - use savings on prescription drug costs to offer more comprehensive services and care for more eligible patients. (genoahealthcare.com)
  • Step 1 - During a routine contact, the pharmacy team may identify someone as eligible for the programme or a member of the public may ask your team about being referred. (england.nhs.uk)
  • Step 2 - If eligible for the NHS Digital Weight Management Programme, the pharmacy team can refer the patient into the programme by completing a referral form with the patient. (england.nhs.uk)
  • Lowrie R, Johansson L, Forsyth P, Bryce S, McKellar S & Fitzgerald N (2014) Experiences of a community pharmacy service to support adherence and self-management in chronic heart failure. (stir.ac.uk)
  • New Secretary of State Directions 7BG and 7BH of the 2013 Direction (PDF: 212KB) published today, 30 September 2021, introduce the NHS Community Pharmacy Hypertension Case-Finding Advanced Service. (nhsbsa.nhs.uk)
  • The resident will also have the opportunity to work at the Shenandoah Valley Compassionate Pharmacy, a nonprofit facility serving low-income patients, enrolling patients in PMAP's, dispensing medications, and providing patient counseling. (valleyhealthlink.com)
  • Results: Of 128 patients included in this study, 68% experienced no out-of-pocket financial impact on their medication expenses as a result of MTM services. (ku.edu)
  • Setting: Community pharmacies and community-based patients in Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Scotland. (stir.ac.uk)
  • This study may inform the development of strategies or policies to improve the process of care for patients with HF and has implications for the development of other extended role services. (stir.ac.uk)
  • A cross-sectional study which employed the use of three simulated patients (SPs) visit to 36 selected community pharmacies in 11 local government areas in Ibadan, Nigeria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Who are the ostomy patients and caregivers attending Portuguese community pharmacies? (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 2017, ostomy patients gained access to ostomy products in community pharmacies that are fully reimbursed by the Portuguese National Health Service. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With around 52,000 team members and 2,200 stores, ranging from local community pharmacies to large destination health and beauty stores, Boots serves its customer and patients' wellbeing for life. (boots-uk.com)
  • We handle all the details of your pharmacy needs 24/7 so you can focus on giving quality care to residents and patients. (omnicare.com)
  • Omnicare, Inc., a CVS Health company, provides comprehensive pharmaceutical services to patients and providers across the United States. (omnicare.com)
  • The pharmacies are a direct link between patients and the medications needed to get well. (christcommunityhealth.org)
  • Traditionally, pharmacies have almost solely been involved with the dispensing of medications to patients. (naco.org)
  • In order to enhance the ease and options available to DBH patients, DBH Medical Services worked to establish partnerships with many of our community pharmacies, to encourage the option of patients receiving doses of their injectable medications at the pharmacy, rather than at a DBH clinic. (naco.org)
  • Patients who have already used the service liked the convenience of having a consultation on the same day, or a day that suited them, at a pharmacy of their choice. (ashlea.nhs.uk)
  • In a statement, NHS England said: "For the first time ever, patients who need prescription medication will be able to get it directly from a pharmacy, without a GP appointment, for seven common conditions including earache, sore throat, or urinary tract infections. (pharmacy.biz)
  • Alastair Buxton, director of NHS Services at the Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee (PSNC), said that community pharmacy hepatitis C testing was always expected to be "a niche service", owing to the "very restrictive" cohort of patients chosen by the NHS for testing in pharmacies and the "relatively short" period of commissioning. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • The consultations can be provided to patients who self-refer to the pharmacy (e.g. walk-ins) as well as those referred by NHS 111, GPs and others. (communitypharmacy.org.uk)
  • Our graduates will demonstrate excellence in direct patient care and have the confidence and skills to improve the health of patients within the communities they serve. (muhealth.org)
  • the average number of patients screened per pharmacy was 19. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients at increased risk of HIV or HCV can benefit from screening for infection at community pharmacies. (cdc.gov)
  • Pharmacies are often identified as the most accessible entry point for patients into the US health system. (cdc.gov)
  • Whether residents rely on your experienced staff to help manage their medications or do it themselves, we offer medication services for your community through our long-term care and retail pharmacies. (omnicare.com)
  • Community pharmacies offer convenience to travellers with longer opening hours and as a one stop shop for associated travel products. (boots-uk.com)
  • It is now clear that ministers recognize the value that pharmacies can offer and the services we can provide if we are put on a sustainable footing, and we will be looking to build on that positivity through our ongoing vision and strategy work. (pharmacy.biz)
  • The hepatitis C antibody testing service is an advanced NHS service, through which community pharmacies are able to offer testing for the hepatitis C virus to people who inject drugs but are not currently accessing community drug and alcohol treatment services. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • Bringing this dedicated, specialized pharmacy service to our residential care homes is another way we can offer the same services as larger assisted living facilities in our smaller home setting," said Chuck Bongiovanni, chief executive officer of Majestic Residences. (genoahealthcare.com)
  • Homes under the Majestic Residences umbrella can lean on Majestic for operational best practices, programming support, technology, and now the same dedicated pharmacy services that larger facilities offer. (genoahealthcare.com)
  • Tier 2 skin services are available for offer by any interested pharmacy provided that they also deliver Tier 1 service. (derbyshirelpc.org)
  • Tier 3 service will only be available for offer by selected pharmacies. (derbyshirelpc.org)
  • The fellow will gain essential skills related to clinical service strategic planning and implementation. (pba.edu)
  • The resident will develop programs to expand clinical services into the community with an emphasis on the development, marketing, and implementation of new patient care and disease state management programs. (valleyhealthlink.com)
  • Assessing the comparative effectiveness of implementation strategies for professional services to community pharmacy: A systematic review. (bvsalud.org)
  • Despite the growth of research in how professional services are implemented in the community pharmacy setting, there is limited evidence for which implementation strategy is more effective. (bvsalud.org)
  • Training may be superior for implementation of professional services to community pharmacies , although this finding is limited by a moderate to critical risk of bias . (bvsalud.org)
  • Such an approach involved broad stakeholder engagement, implementation science, and an evaluations framework to guide an assessment of the impact of this new service. (mdpi.com)
  • 2. The implementation of family planning services in Africa is challenged by poverty, poor access to family planning services and commodities, conflict situations, inadequate coordination of programmes and dwindling donor funding. (who.int)
  • Outpatient pharmacies have always been an essential community partner with the San Bernardino County Department of Behavioral Health (DBH) in helping meet the mental health needs of those we serve. (naco.org)
  • Many of our customers value the convenience of community pharmacy as a one stop shop for their travel health advice, so much so that they are more willing to pay than have to wait for an appointment at their local GP surgery. (boots-uk.com)
  • Boots is the UK's leading health and beauty retailer with over 52,000 team members and 2,100 stores, ranging from local community pharmacies to large destination health and beauty stores. (boots-uk.com)
  • Services may be commissioned locally either by NHS England (Local Enhanced Services or LES) or by Integrated Care Boards (ICB) or Local Authorities (Local Commissioned Services or LCS). (cpsc.org.uk)
  • It is our general philosophy that pharmacy contractors should expect to receive a fair return for their professional input into the delivery of a service and that the best local services are those which have been co-designed with commissioners to ensure that they deliver patient benefit, value for money for the commissioner, a fair return for the provider, are operationally efficient to deliver and are sustainable. (cpsc.org.uk)
  • One such resolution on the support of home care services for frail elders results in our local Member of Provincial Parliament asking a pointed question in the House which moves the issue forward. (who.int)
  • Driving Academy, a local driver training school and East Side Pharmacy in Welland all provided speakers for the forums at no cost. (who.int)
  • Pharmacy-based HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening services developed in conjunction with state and local health departments can improve public health through increased access to testing and a linkage-to-care strategy. (cdc.gov)
  • Ease of accessibility to testing coupled with a strategy for linkage to care designed for the local community can improve patient care and improve the course of treatment for HIV and HCV. (cdc.gov)
  • This training program is designed to provide the fellow with a foundation in community-based enhanced pharmacy services. (pba.edu)
  • The fellow will provide direct patient care with two innovative community-based pharmacy partners - Atlantis Pharmacy and the Prescription Shop of Stuart. (pba.edu)
  • We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. (hud.ac.uk)
  • Community pharmacies may be approached to provide these services or invited to express interest / tender for the opportunity to provide them. (cpsc.org.uk)
  • No matter the specific kind of senior care you provide, you can rely on us to deliver specialized pharmacy services that best serve them. (omnicare.com)
  • That's why, when you partner with us, you can expect customized expertise and benefits for your community, such as our OTC Advantage Program for reasonably priced over-the-counter medications, MultiDose packaging and online tools to help you and your residents manage pharmacy care.Count on us to deliver, so you can provide excellent care. (omnicare.com)
  • Exclusive: Out of more than 650 community pharmacies signed up to provide the hepatitis C antibody testing service, only 21 have carried out testing. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • The NHS would not agree to PSNC's proposal for a setup fee to cover the upfront costs and contractors therefore needed to carefully consider whether the service would make economic sense for them to provide. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • We represent all pharmacy contractors in Derbyshire (City and County) Amongst our many roles at present our priority is to ensure that with all the changes in NHS structure, commissioners are aware of community pharmacy and the services we can provide. (derbyshirelpc.org)
  • Very few GPs provide these services (Black et al 2017) and there remains great inequity in access to EMA, particularly for young and rural and remote women (Shankar et al 2017). (who.int)
  • Providing direct patient care in the community of institutional pharmacies is considered clinical pharmacy. (wikipedia.org)
  • To make a referral, please visit the NHS Digital Weight Management Programme Pharmacy Referral Site (you'll need your pharmacy ODS code for access). (england.nhs.uk)
  • Step 3 - When you have more time in the day to do so, you must complete the referral online using the information gathered on the referral form by visiting the NHS Digital Weight Management Programme Pharmacy Referral Site . (england.nhs.uk)
  • Step 3 - The chosen provider will contact the service user within 10 working days to start their programme. (england.nhs.uk)
  • It later became a tavern before transitioning to support services, adult education and family violence counselling services. (kenoraonline.com)
  • Other than for accounting purposes, does this adult day services use Electronic Health Records? (cdc.gov)
  • Does this adult day services center's computerized system support electronic health information exchange with each of the following providers? (cdc.gov)
  • And we're committed to building strong, consultative partnerships with you so that, together, we can successfully support each member of your community. (omnicare.com)
  • A feature of this year's efforts has been partnerships with various community organizations. (who.int)
  • Community pharmacy and public health partnerships can improve access to HIV and HCV screening and help link people previously unaware of their status for treatment if needed. (cdc.gov)
  • An updated Community Pharmacy Covid-19 Lateral Flow Device Distribution Service will begin from 4 October. (nhsbsa.nhs.uk)
  • Christ Community to open appointment-only COVID-19 test site. (christcommunityhealth.org)
  • Atlantis Pharmacy is an independent community pharmacy located one block north of JFK Medical center, a 486-bed acute care medical and surgical facility with comprehensive services including cardiovascular care, orthopedics, behavioral health and emergency services. (pba.edu)
  • An establishment in which pharmacy (in the first sense) is practiced is called a pharmacy (this term is more common in the United States) or chemists (which is more common in Great Britain, though pharmacy is also used)[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
  • The NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA) is responsible for this service. (nhsbsa.nhs.uk)
  • This project is now better known as dm þ d and has developed to become a partnership between the Business Services Authority (BSA) and NHS Connecting for Health (NHS CFH), amalgamating the three compo-nents outlined above. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Buchanan said that the "real flaw" in the NHS England service was that community pharmacies can only test people who are not engaged with other community drug support services. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • That high-touch care combined with our immediate responsiveness is what makes Genoa uniquely set up to support communities like Majestic's and the residents who live there. (genoahealthcare.com)
  • The combination of trusting relationships and customized services - along with the scale of a national, proven pharmacy partner - means a higher quality of care for residents and more support for staff. (genoahealthcare.com)
  • CPE agreed to accept the deal which sets out how the £645 million investment pledged within the Delivery plan for recovering access to primary care will be used to support community pharmacy services. (communitypharmacy.org.uk)
  • CPPE has published learning resources to prepare and support pharmacy professionals. (communitypharmacy.org.uk)
  • Step 4 - Once a referral has been submitted online, confirmation will be sent to the pharmacy team's email address and there is nothing more the pharmacy team will need to do to support the referral process. (england.nhs.uk)
  • Step 2 - The online referral hub will ask the service user to verify their date of birth and ethnicity to support their triage to the appropriate level of intervention. (england.nhs.uk)
  • As you all are well aware, Port Colborne has been designated an Age Friendly community by the World Health Organization through the work of the Senior Advisory Committee, its capable staff and the work of a Niagara region wide initiative that enjoyed the support of a Trillium grant and the work of Virginia Stewart, its project leader. (who.int)
  • Pharmacology is sometimes considered the fourth discipline of pharmacy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although pharmacology is essential to the study of pharmacy, it is not specific to pharmacy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Atlantis Pharmacy is a member of Community Pharmacy Enhanced Services Network (CPESN) Florida and Erin Dorval (preceptor) is a Luminary and Payer Engagement Expert for CPESN Florida. (pba.edu)
  • The figures, provided by NHS England in response to a freedom of information request on 20 December 2022, also revealed that, as of 31 August 2022, the participating community pharmacies had carried out a total of 565 hepatitis C antibody tests. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • Community Pharmacy England is the operating name of the Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee. (cpe.org.uk)
  • Janet Morrison, Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee CEO, called the plan "a very welcome step towards putting pharmacies even more at the heart of primary care and prevention. (pharmacy.biz)
  • This is despite more than 650 community pharmacies registering to deliver the service since September 2020. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • The fully-serviced Northlands lot has been vacant since the demolition of the building in late 2020. (kenoraonline.com)
  • Just 21 pharmacies across England have carried out testing under the community pharmacy hepatitis C antibody testing service since its launch, according to data obtained by The Pharmaceutical Journal . (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • Participating pharmacies are reimbursed £36 for each point-of-care hepatitis C test performed . (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • Ryan Buchanan, associate professor of hepatology at the University of Southampton, is currently involved in a piece of work to understand why uptake of the hepatitis C testing service in community pharmacies is so low. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • We've compared the NHS England service, as it's been commissioned, against [other pilots in England] that have been successful at implementing hepatitis C testing and there are some key differences," he explained. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • The seven common conditions included within this service are sore throat, infected insect bites, sinusitis, shingles, earache, uncomplicated UTI in women and impetigo. (communitypharmacy.org.uk)
  • There is also the possibility that services are co-commissioned by NHS England and ICBs together. (cpsc.org.uk)
  • As part of a new blueprint for primary care, the government today (May 9) announced an investment of £645 million over two years to expand community pharmacy services in England. (pharmacy.biz)
  • Community Pharmacy England has reached agreement with Government and the NHS on the launch of a new national Pharmacy First service as well as other changes to pharmacy funding and services. (communitypharmacy.org.uk)
  • Additional areas of interest for the pharmacy include diabetes education, long-acting injectable antipsychotic administration, chronic care management, and test-and-treat for influenza and streptococcus infections. (pba.edu)
  • The F-Code or ODS code is the the unique code issued to your pharmacy which identifies you to NHS Prescription Services. (cpe.org.uk)
  • References to non-CDC sites on the Internet are provided as a service to MMWR readers and do not constitute or imply endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (cdc.gov)
  • The goal is to make routine sexual health services accessible in a wide range of settings, such as in primary care, at pharmacies, and in community-based settings, and to draw on a broader workforce for delivery of sexual health services," Guilamo-Ramos and Thimm-Kaiser told Medscape. (medscape.com)
  • MMWR and Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report are service marks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (cdc.gov)