A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.
Inorganic compounds that contain chromium as an integral part of the molecule.
Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.
Specific alloys not less than 85% chromium and nickel or cobalt, with traces of either nickel or cobalt, molybdenum, and other substances. They are used in partial dentures, orthopedic implants, etc.
Picolinic acid is an organic compound that belongs to the class of pyridine derivatives, acting as a chelating agent in mammals, primarily found in the liver and kidneys, and playing a significant role in the metabolism of proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
Welding is not typically considered a medical term, but rather refers to a process in manufacturing and construction involving the joining of metal components through heat or pressure, which isn't directly related to medicine or healthcare.
Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.
Stable chromium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element chromium, but differ in atomic weight. Cr-50, 53, and 54 are stable chromium isotopes.
Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.
A process of preserving animal hides by chemical treatment (using vegetable tannins, metallic sulfates, and sulfurized phenol compounds, or syntans) to make them immune to bacterial attack, and subsequent treatments with fats and greases to make them pliable. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Unstable isotopes of chromium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cr atoms with atomic weights of 46-49, 51, 55, and 56 are radioactive chromium isotopes.
Coating with a metal or alloy by electrolysis.
Used as an indicator in titrating iron and for the colorimetric determination of chromium and the detection of cadmium, mercury, magnesium, aldehydes, and emetine.
Spectrophotometric techniques by which the absorption or emmision spectra of radiation from atoms are produced and analyzed.
Metals with high specific gravity, typically larger than 5. They have complex spectra, form colored salts and double salts, have a low electrode potential, are mainly amphoteric, yield weak bases and weak acids, and are oxidizing or reducing agents (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.
Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.
A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.
Stainless steel. A steel containing Ni, Cr, or both. It does not tarnish on exposure and is used in corrosive environments. (Grant & Hack's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Inorganic compounds that contain sodium as an integral part of the molecule.
Waste products which threaten life, health, or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise managed.
Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.
Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.
Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.
Products or parts of products used to detect, manipulate, or analyze light, such as LENSES, refractors, mirrors, filters, prisms, and OPTICAL FIBERS.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
A plastic substance deposited by insects or obtained from plants. Waxes are esters of various fatty acids with higher, usually monohydric alcohols. The wax of pharmacy is principally yellow wax (beeswax), the material of which honeycomb is made. It consists chiefly of cerotic acid and myricin and is used in making ointments, cerates, etc. (Dorland, 27th ed)
A class in the phylum MOLLUSCA comprised of mussels; clams; OYSTERS; COCKLES; and SCALLOPS. They are characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical hinged shell and a muscular foot used for burrowing and anchoring.
A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, which includes pumpkin, gourd and squash.

Determination of the anomeric configurations of Corbicula ceramide di- and trihexoside by chromium trioxide oxidation. (1/1060)

The anomeric configurations of Corbicula ceramide dihexoside and ceramide trihexoside were determined by chromium trioxide oxidation and the structures of these lipids were shown to be Man-beta(1 leads to 4)-Glc-beta(1 leads to 1)-ceramide and Man-alpha(1 leads to 4)-Man-beta(1 leads to 4)-Glc-beta(1 leads to 1)-ceramide. These results are compatible with those obtained by enzymic hydrolysis reported previously.  (+info)

A simple hydroponic culture method for the development of a highly viable root system in Arabidopsis thaliana. (2/1060)

In the studies of nutritional absorption and metal toxicity in the root, it is important to grow plants without technical damage. We established a simple hydroponic culture system for Arabidopsis thaliana to obtain a healthy plant having a well-developed root system with many lateral roots. The phytotoxic effects of Cr, Cu, and Al ions were examined by FDA-PI staining using this culture system. The pattern of root inhibition varied with the ion, suggesting the usefulness of this culture system.  (+info)

Hexavalent chromium responsible for lung lesions induced by intratracheal instillation of chromium fumes in rats. (3/1060)

Lung toxicity of chromium fumes (Cr fumes) was examined by a single intratracheal instillation into rats of 10.6 mg and 21.3 mg Cr fumes/kg body weight and by repeated (3 times) instillations of 10.8 mg and 21.7 mg Cr fumes/kg. The pathological changes were compared with those induced by single administrations of 3.2 mg and 19.2 mg Na2CO3 solution-insoluble fraction of Cr fumes (Cr-Fr)/kg and 20.8 mg commercially available chromium (III) oxide powder (Cr (III) oxide)/kg. Single and repeated administrations of Cr fumes suppressed growth rate in a dose-dependent manner, but administrations of Cr-Fr and Cr (III) oxide did not. A single administration of Cr fumes produced granulomas in the entire airways and alveoli with progressive fibrotic changes, as well as severe mobilization and destruction of macrophages and foamy cells. Those histopathological changes were aggravated by the repeated administration of Cr fumes. On the other hand, single administrations of Cr-Fr and Cr (III) oxide produced no remarkable histopathological changes. Cr fumes were found to be composed of 73.5% chromium (III) oxide and 26.5% chromium (VI) oxide. The primary particles of Cr fumes and Cr-Fr were similar, 0.02 micron in size (sigma g: 1.25), and Cr (III) oxide particles were 0.30 micron in size (sigma g: 1.53), measured by analytical electron microscopy (ATEM). Diffuse clusters of the primary particles in Cr fumes were identified as Cr (VI) oxide. The present results suggested that the lung toxicity of Cr fumes was mainly caused by these Cr (VI) oxide (CrO3) particles in Cr fumes.  (+info)

Contribution of endogenous carbon monoxide to regulation of diameter in resistance vessels. (4/1060)

Endogenous carbon monoxide was proposed to subserve vasodepressor functions. If so, inhibition of heme oxygenase may be expected to promote vascular contraction. This hypothesis was examined in large and small arteries and in isolated first-order gracilis muscle arterioles of rat. The heme oxygenase inhibitors chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP) and cobalt protoporphyrin (0.175-102 micromol/l) decreased the diameter of pressurized (80 mmHg) gracilis muscle arterioles, whereas magnesium protoporphyrin, a weak heme oxygenase inhibitor, did not. CrMP also elicited development of isometric tension in the muscular branch of the femoral artery but not in the aorta or femoral artery. Arteriolar constrictor responses to CrMP varied in relation to the intravascular pressure, were blunted in preparations exposed to exogenous carbon monoxide (100 micromol/l), and were unaffected by an endothelin receptor antagonist. Importantly, CrMP amplified the constrictor response to increases of pressure in gracilis arterioles. Accordingly, the constrictor effect of heme oxygenase inhibitors is attributable to magnification of myogenic tone due to withdrawal of a vasodilatory mechanism mediated by endogenous carbon monoxide. The study suggests that the vascular carbon monoxide system plays a role in the regulation of basal tone in resistance vessels.  (+info)

Oxidative damage of DNA by chromium(V) complexes: relative importance of base versus sugar oxidation. (5/1060)

Chromium(V)-mediated oxidative damage of deoxy-ribonucleic acids was investigated at neutral pH in aqueous solution by utilizing bis(2-ethyl-2-hydroxy-butanato)oxochromate(V) (I) and bis(hydroxyethyl)-amino-tris(hydroxymethyl)methane)oxochromate(V) (II). Single-stranded and double-stranded (ds) calf thymus and human placenta DNA, as well as two oligomers, 5'-GATCTAGTAGGAGGACAAATAGTGTTTG-3' and 5'-GATCCAAGCAAACACTATTTGTCCTCCTACTA-3', were reacted with the chromium(V) complexes. Most products were separated and characterized by chroma-tographic and spectroscopic methods. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments reveal more damage at G sites in comparison to other bases. Three primary oxidation products, 5-methylene-2-furanone (5-MF), furfural and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, were characterized. A minor product, which appears to be thymine propenal, was also observed. The dsDNA produces more furfural than furanone. The formation of these two products resulted from hydrogen ion or hydride transfer from C1' and C5' positions of the ribose to the oxo-chromium(V) center. Since no enhancements of these products (except propenal) were observed in the presence of oxygen, mechanisms pertaining to the participation of activated oxygen species may be ruled out. The oxidation of the G base is most likely associated with an oxygen atom transfer from the oxo-metallates to the double bond between C8 and N7 of the purine ring. The formation of the propenal may be associated with an oxygen-activated species, since a marginal enhancement of this product was observed in the presence of oxygen. The formation of furfural in higher abundance over 5-MF for dsDNA was attributed to the ease of hydrogen ion (or hydride transfer) from the C5' compared to C1' position of the ribose within a Cr(V)-DNA intermediate in which the metal center is bound to the phosphate diester moiety.  (+info)

Carbon monoxide and cerebral microvascular tone in newborn pigs. (6/1060)

The present study addresses the hypothesis that CO produced from endogenous heme oxygenase (HO) can dilate newborn cerebral arterioles. HO-2 protein was highly expressed in large and small blood vessels, as well as parenchyma, of newborn pig cerebrum. Topically applied CO dose-dependently dilated piglet pial arterioles in vivo over the range 10(-11)-10(-9) M (maximal response). CO-induced cerebrovascular dilation was abolished by treatment with the Ca2+-activated K+ channel inhibitors tetraethylammonium chloride and iberiotoxin. The HO substrate heme-L-lysinate also produced tetraethylammonium-inhibitable, dose-dependent dilation from 5 x 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-7) M (maximal). The HO inhibitor chromium mesoporphyrin blocked dilation of pial arterioles in response to heme-L-lysinate. In addition to inhibiting dilation to heme-L-lysinate, chromium mesoporphyrin also blocked pial arteriolar dilations in response to hypoxia but did not alter responses to hypercapnia or isoproterenol. We conclude that CO dilates pial arterioles via activation of Ca2+-activated K+ channels and that endogenous HO-2 potentially can produce sufficient CO to produce the dilation.  (+info)

Dietary protein and chromium tripicolinate in Suffolk wether lambs: effects on production characteristics, metabolic and hormonal responses, and immune status. (7/1060)

Thirty-two Suffolk wether lambs were fed for 84 d in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment using two levels of dietary protein (9.0 to 12.1% CP, low protein, LP; or 12.8 to 14.4% CP, high protein, HP) and supplemental Cr (none, C; or 400 ppb Cr as chromium tripicolinate, Cr). At 14- to 21-d intervals, lambs were weighed, and jugular blood samples were collected. Mean ADG and carcass weight (P > .10) did not differ. In lambs fed HP, Cr reduced liver weight and increased kidney weight (P < .01). Lambs fed HP had elevated plasma urea N (PUN; P < .01) and albumin (P < .04). During an i.v. epinephrine challenge on d 43, plasma cortisol declined in lambs fed Cr (Cr x time, P < .03) and in lambs fed LP (CP x time, P < .001). An i.v. glucose tolerance test conducted 3 h later showed that supplemental Cr decreased glucose clearance rate in lambs fed HP (CP x Cr, P < .10) but not in lambs fed LP. On d 62, PUN was increased in lambs fed HP (P < .001) between 0 and 3 h postprandial, and there was a Cr x CP interaction (P < .04). Postprandial plasma NEFA declined with Cr vs C (Cr x time, P < .07) and with HP vs LP (CP x time, P < .10). By d 66, lambs fed Cr had an elevated (P < .03) blood platelet and fibrinogen content. Chromium increased erythrocyte count in lambs fed HP (Cr x CP, P < .08), and isolated peripheral lymphocytes had greater blastogenic response to 4 microg/mL of phytohemagglutinin (Cr x CP, P < .001). The lymphocyte response to pokeweed mitogen (.2 microg/mL) was reduced in lambs fed Cr (P < .10). In the present experiment, Cr supplementation had minimal and inconsistent effects on production and metabolic criteria of lambs.  (+info)

Hydroxopentaamminechromium(III) promoted phosphorylation of bovine serum albumin: its potential implications in understanding biotoxicity of chromium. (8/1060)

Evidence for chromium(III) induced phosphorylation of a biomarker protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) is presented. Radiolabelled adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was reacted with BSA in the presence of various Cr(III) salts. While [Cr(NH3)5(H2O)]3+ brought about phosphorylation of BSA, several Cr(III) complexes, viz. [Cr(bpy)3]3+, [Cr(phen)3]3+, [Cr(en)3]3+, [Cr(salen)(H2O)2]+ and [Cr(salprn)(H2O)2]+, did not phosphorylate BSA. The Cr(III) mediated the transfer of gamma- and alpha-phosphates but not the adenine and the sugar moieties of the ATP molecule to BSA. The observed stoichiometry was 0.75 mol Pi to mol BSA for the gamma-phosphate and 0.5 mol Pi to mol BSA for the alpha-phosphate of ATP. The presence of serine phosphate and threonine phosphate was detected in the hydrolysate of phosphorylated BSA by means of comparison of Rf values with authentic samples of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine after chromatographic separation and autoradiography. [Cr(NH3)5(H2O)]3+ at pH 7.4 is known to exist as the conjugate base [Cr(NH3)5(OH)]2+ and is capable of ligand substitution involving metal-oxygen bond retention. Such anation reaction of [Cr(NH3)5(OH)]2+ with ATP subsequently leads to the esterification of alcoholic hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine of BSA. Possible consequences of chromium(III) induced in vivo phosphorylation of proteins are discussed.  (+info)

Chromium is an essential trace element that is necessary for human health. It is a key component of the glucose tolerance factor, which helps to enhance the function of insulin in regulating blood sugar levels. Chromium can be found in various foods such as meat, fish, whole grains, and some fruits and vegetables. However, it is also available in dietary supplements for those who may not get adequate amounts through their diet.

The recommended daily intake of chromium varies depending on age and gender. For adults, the adequate intake (AI) is 20-35 micrograms per day for women and 35-50 micrograms per day for men. Chromium deficiency is rare but can lead to impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

It's important to note that while chromium supplements are marketed as a way to improve insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control, there is limited evidence to support these claims. Moreover, excessive intake of chromium can have adverse effects on health, including liver and kidney damage, stomach irritation, and hypoglycemia. Therefore, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before taking any dietary supplements containing chromium.

Chromium compounds refer to combinations of the metallic element chromium with other chemical elements. Chromium is a transition metal that can form compounds in various oxidation states, but the most common ones are +3 (trivalent) and +6 (hexavalent).

Trivalent chromium compounds, such as chromium(III) chloride or chromium(III) sulfate, are essential micronutrients for human health, playing a role in insulin function and glucose metabolism. They are generally considered to be less toxic than hexavalent chromium compounds.

Hexavalent chromium compounds, such as chromium(VI) oxide or sodium dichromate, are much more toxic and carcinogenic than trivalent chromium compounds. They can cause damage to the respiratory system, skin, and eyes, and prolonged exposure has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer.

It is important to note that while some chromium compounds have beneficial effects on human health, others can be highly toxic and should be handled with care. Exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds, in particular, should be minimized or avoided whenever possible.

Chromates are the salts or esters of chromic acid (H2CrO4) that contain the chromate ion (CrO4 2-). They are characterized by their yellow or orange color. Chromates are widely used in industry, for example as corrosion inhibitors, pigments, and wood preservatives. However, they are also toxic and carcinogenic, and exposure to chromates can cause a range of health problems, including respiratory issues, skin irritation, and damage to the eyes and mucous membranes. Therefore, their use is regulated in many countries, and appropriate safety measures must be taken when handling them.

Chromium alloys are materials made by combining chromium with other metals, such as nickel, cobalt, or iron. The addition of chromium to these alloys enhances their properties, making them resistant to corrosion and high temperatures. These alloys have a wide range of applications in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and medical devices.

Chromium alloys can be classified into two main categories: stainless steels and superalloys. Stainless steels are alloys that contain at least 10.5% chromium by weight, which forms a passive oxide layer on the surface of the material, protecting it from corrosion. Superalloys, on the other hand, are high-performance alloys designed to operate in extreme environments, such as jet engines and gas turbines. They contain significant amounts of chromium, along with other elements like nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum.

Chromium alloys have several medical applications due to their excellent properties. For instance, they are used in surgical instruments, dental implants, and orthopedic devices because of their resistance to corrosion and biocompatibility. Additionally, some chromium alloys exhibit superelasticity, a property that allows them to return to their original shape after being deformed, making them suitable for use in stents and other medical devices that require flexibility and durability.

Picolinic acid is not specifically classified as a medical term, but it is a type of organic compound that belongs to the class of molecules known as pyridinecarboxylic acids. These are carboxylic acids derived from pyridine by the substitution of a hydrogen atom with a carboxyl group.

Picolinic acid, specifically, is a pyridine derivative with a carboxyl group at the 2-position of the ring. It is naturally produced in the body and can be found in various tissues and fluids, including the brain, where it plays a role in the metabolism of amino acids, particularly tryptophan.

In addition to its physiological functions, picolinic acid has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications. For example, it has been shown to have antibacterial and antifungal properties, and may also play a role in heavy metal chelation and neuroprotection. However, more research is needed to fully understand the medical significance of this compound.

I must apologize, but "welding" is not a term that is typically used in medical definitions. Welding is a process that is commonly used in manufacturing and construction to join two pieces of metal together by melting them and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten metal (the weld puddle) that cools to become a strong joint.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help answer them for you.

Potassium dichromate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula K2Cr2O7. It is a potassium salt of dichromic acid. In its pure form, potassium dichromate appears as a bright red or deep orange crystalline powder. It is highly soluble in water and has a sweetish, sour taste.

In the medical field, potassium dichromate has been historically used as an antiseptic and astringent, but its use has largely been discontinued due to its high toxicity and potential for causing severe health effects. It can cause skin and eye irritation, respiratory problems, and damage to the kidneys and liver. Long-term exposure has been linked to an increased risk of cancer. Therefore, it is important to handle potassium dichromate with care and use appropriate personal protective equipment when working with this compound.

Chromium isotopes are different forms of the chemical element Chromium (Cr), which have different numbers of neutrons in their atomic nuclei. This results in each isotope having a different atomic mass, although they all have the same number of protons (24) and therefore share the same chemical properties.

The most common and stable chromium isotopes are Chromium-52 (Cr-52), Chromium-53 (Cr-53), Chromium-54 (Cr-54), and Chromium-56 (Cr-56). The other less abundant isotopes of Chromium, such as Chromium-50 (Cr-50) and Chromium-51 (Cr-51), are radioactive and undergo decay to become stable isotopes.

Chromium is an essential trace element for human health, playing a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. It is also used in various industrial applications, such as in the production of stainless steel and other alloys.

Carcinogens are agents that can cause cancer. According to the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), environmental carcinogens refer to "cancer-causing agents that people encounter in their daily lives, including substances or exposures in air, water, food, and in the workplace." These carcinogens can increase the risk of cancer by damaging DNA or interfering with cellular processes that control growth.

Examples of environmental carcinogens include:

* Air pollution: Certain pollutants in the air, such as diesel exhaust particles and secondhand smoke, have been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer.
* Radon: A naturally occurring radioactive gas that can accumulate in homes and other buildings, radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States.
* UV radiation: Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds can lead to skin cancer.
* Certain chemicals: Some chemicals found in the workplace or in consumer products, such as asbestos, benzene, and vinyl chloride, have been linked to an increased risk of cancer.
* Infectious agents: Certain viruses, bacteria, and parasites can increase the risk of cancer. For example, human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major cause of cervical cancer, and hepatitis B and C viruses are leading causes of liver cancer.

It's important to note that exposure to environmental carcinogens does not guarantee that a person will develop cancer. The risk depends on many factors, including the level and duration of exposure, as well as individual susceptibility. However, reducing exposure to these agents can help reduce the overall risk of cancer.

"Tanning" is not a medical term per se, but rather a common term used to describe the process of skin darkening as a result of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Medically speaking, this process is known as "induction of cutaneous pigmentation."

The UV radiation stimulates the production of melanin, a pigment that absorbs and scatters UV light to protect the skin from further damage. There are two types of melanin: eumelanin (black or brown) and pheomelanin (yellow or red). The type and amount of melanin produced determine the color and tone of an individual's skin, hair, and eyes.

It is important to note that excessive sun exposure and tanning can lead to harmful health effects, including premature aging of the skin, eye damage, and increased risk of skin cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to protect the skin with appropriate clothing, hats, sunglasses, and sunscreen when exposed to UV radiation.

Chromium radioisotopes are unstable isotopes or variants of the chemical element chromium that emit radiation as they decay into more stable forms. These isotopes have an excess of energy and particles, making them unstable and capable of emitting ionizing radiation in the form of gamma rays or subatomic particles such as alpha or beta particles.

Chromium has several radioisotopes, including chromium-50, chromium-51, and chromium-53, among others. Chromium-51 is one of the most commonly used radioisotopes in medical applications, particularly in diagnostic procedures such as red blood cell labeling and imaging studies.

It's important to note that handling and using radioisotopes require proper training and safety measures due to their potential radiation hazards.

Electroplating is not a medical term, but rather a process used in the industrial field. It refers to the process of coating an electrically conductive object with a thin layer of metal through the use of an electrical current. This process involves immersing the object in a solution containing dissolved ions of the metal to be deposited, and then passing an electric current through the solution. The object serves as the cathode, and the metal ions are reduced at its surface, forming a thin layer of pure metal.

While electroplating is not directly related to medicine, it does have some medical applications. For example, medical devices such as pacemakers or implantable defibrillators may be coated with gold or other metals through electroplating to improve their biocompatibility and reduce the risk of corrosion or rejection by the body. Similarly, dental restorations may be electroplated with precious metals to enhance their strength and durability.

Diphenylcarbazide is a colorimetric reagent that is used in chemistry and in some medical tests. It is an orange, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. In chemistry, it is often used as a reducing agent or as a complexing agent. In medicine, it is most commonly used as a reagent in the diphenylcarbazide test for metals such as chromium and nickel. When mixed with solutions containing these metals, diphenylcarbazide reacts to form a purple or violet-colored complex that can be measured and used to determine the concentration of the metal ions in the solution. It is also known as carbazide diethanol or carbazide DEE.

Atomic spectrophotometry is a type of analytical technique used to determine the concentration of specific atoms or ions in a sample by measuring the intensity of light absorbed or emitted at wavelengths characteristic of those atoms or ions. This technique involves the use of an atomic spectrometer, which uses a source of energy (such as a flame, plasma, or electrode) to excite the atoms or ions in the sample, causing them to emit light at specific wavelengths. The intensity of this emitted light is then measured and used to calculate the concentration of the element of interest.

Atomic spectrophotometry can be further divided into two main categories: atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and atomic emission spectrophotometry (AES). In AAS, the sample is atomized in a flame or graphite furnace and the light from a lamp that emits light at the same wavelength as one of the elements in the sample is passed through the atoms. The amount of light absorbed by the atoms is then measured and used to determine the concentration of the element. In AES, the sample is atomized and excited to emit its own light, which is then measured and analyzed to determine the concentration of the element.

Atomic spectrophotometry is widely used in various fields such as environmental monitoring, clinical chemistry, forensic science, and industrial quality control for the determination of trace elements in a variety of sample types including liquids, solids, and gases.

Heavy metals are a group of elements with a specific gravity at least five times greater than that of water. They include metals such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), thallium (Tl), and lead (Pb). These metals are considered toxic when they accumulate in the body beyond certain levels, interfering with various biological processes and causing damage to cells, tissues, and organs.

Heavy metal exposure can occur through various sources, including occupational exposure, contaminated food, water, or air, and improper disposal of electronic waste. Chronic exposure to heavy metals has been linked to several health issues, such as neurological disorders, kidney damage, developmental problems, and cancer. Monitoring and controlling exposure to these elements is essential for maintaining good health and preventing potential adverse effects.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nickel" is not a medical term. It is a chemical element with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. Nickel is a hard, silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. It is one of four elements that are ferromagnetic and is used as a common component in various alloys due to its properties such as resistance to corrosion and heat.

However, in a medical context, nickel may refer to:

* Nickel allergy: A type of allergic contact dermatitis caused by an immune system response to the presence of nickel in jewelry, clothing fasteners, or other items that come into contact with the skin. Symptoms can include redness, itching, and rash at the site of exposure.
* Nickel carbonyl: A highly toxic chemical compound (Ni(CO)4) that can cause respiratory and neurological problems if inhaled. It is produced during some industrial processes involving nickel and carbon monoxide and poses a health risk to workers if proper safety measures are not taken.

If you have any concerns about exposure to nickel or symptoms related to nickel allergy, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment.

Chemical water pollutants refer to harmful chemicals or substances that contaminate bodies of water, making them unsafe for human use and harmful to aquatic life. These pollutants can come from various sources, including industrial and agricultural runoff, sewage and wastewater, oil spills, and improper disposal of hazardous materials.

Examples of chemical water pollutants include heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, and cadmium), pesticides and herbicides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and petroleum products. These chemicals can have toxic effects on aquatic organisms, disrupt ecosystems, and pose risks to human health through exposure or consumption.

Regulations and standards are in place to monitor and limit the levels of chemical pollutants in water sources, with the aim of protecting public health and the environment.

Cobalt is a chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27. It is a hard, silver-white, lustrous, and brittle metal that is found naturally only in chemically combined form, except for small amounts found in meteorites. Cobalt is used primarily in the production of magnetic, wear-resistant, and high-strength alloys, as well as in the manufacture of batteries, magnets, and pigments.

In a medical context, cobalt is sometimes used in the form of cobalt-60, a radioactive isotope, for cancer treatment through radiation therapy. Cobalt-60 emits gamma rays that can be directed at tumors to destroy cancer cells. Additionally, small amounts of cobalt are present in some vitamin B12 supplements and fortified foods, as cobalt is an essential component of vitamin B12. However, exposure to high levels of cobalt can be harmful and may cause health effects such as allergic reactions, lung damage, heart problems, and neurological issues.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Stainless Steel" is not a medical term. It is a type of steel that contains at least 10.5% chromium content by mass, and usually contains nickel as well. The chromium forms a passive film that protects the metal from corrosion and staining. Stainless steel is widely used in various industries including medicine, for example, in medical equipment and surgical instruments due to its resistance to rust and corrosion.

Sodium compounds are chemical substances that contain the element sodium (Na) combined with one or more other elements. Sodium is an alkali metal and is highly reactive, so it rarely exists in its pure form in nature. Instead, it is typically found combined with other elements in the form of various sodium compounds.

Some common examples of sodium compounds include:

* Sodium chloride (NaCl), also known as table salt, which is a compound formed from the reaction between sodium and chlorine.
* Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), also known as baking soda, which is used as a leavening agent in baking and as a household cleaner.
* Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye, which is a strong alkali used in industrial applications such as the manufacture of soap and paper.
* Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), also known as washing soda, which is used as a water softener and cleaning agent.

Sodium compounds have a variety of uses in medicine, including as electrolytes to help maintain fluid balance in the body, as antacids to neutralize stomach acid, and as laxatives to relieve constipation. However, it is important to use sodium compounds as directed by a healthcare professional, as excessive intake can lead to high blood pressure and other health problems.

Hazardous waste, as defined in the medical context, refers to any waste that poses a substantial danger to public health or the environment. These wastes can be generated from various sources, including industrial processes, healthcare activities, and household items. They often contain properties that make them harmful, such as being toxic, corrosive, reactive, or ignitable.

In the medical field, hazardous waste may include:

1. Infectious waste: Waste contaminated with potentially infectious materials, such as used needles, surgical instruments, and cultures from medical laboratories.
2. Pathological waste: Human or animal tissues, organs, or fluids that may pose a risk of infection.
3. Pharmaceutical waste: Expired, unused, or contaminated medications, including both prescription and over-the-counter drugs.
4. Chemical waste: Including solvents, disinfectants, heavy metals, and other chemicals used in medical laboratories, research facilities, and healthcare settings.
5. Radioactive waste: Materials that emit radiation, such as those used in medical imaging or cancer treatments.

Proper handling, treatment, and disposal of hazardous waste are crucial to minimize the risks they pose to human health and the environment. Regulations governing hazardous waste management vary by country and region but generally require proper labeling, containment, transportation, and disposal methods to ensure safety.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "soil pollutants" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Soil pollution refers to the presence or accumulation of hazardous substances, chemicals, or other pollutants in soil that can have negative effects on plant life, human health, and the environment.

However, if you're asking about potential health effects of exposure to soil pollutants, it could include a variety of symptoms or diseases, depending on the specific pollutant. For example, exposure to lead-contaminated soil can lead to developmental delays in children, while exposure to certain pesticides or industrial chemicals can cause neurological problems, respiratory issues, and even cancer.

If you have more specific information about a particular substance or context, I may be able to provide a more precise answer.

Occupational air pollutants refer to harmful substances present in the air in workplaces or occupational settings. These pollutants can include dusts, gases, fumes, vapors, or mists that are produced by industrial processes, chemical reactions, or other sources. Examples of occupational air pollutants include:

1. Respirable crystalline silica: A common mineral found in sand, stone, and concrete that can cause lung disease and cancer when inhaled in high concentrations.
2. Asbestos: A naturally occurring mineral fiber that was widely used in construction materials and industrial applications until the 1970s. Exposure to asbestos fibers can cause lung diseases such as asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma.
3. Welding fumes: Fumes generated during welding processes can contain harmful metals such as manganese, chromium, and nickel that can cause neurological damage and respiratory problems.
4. Isocyanates: Chemicals used in the production of foam insulation, spray-on coatings, and other industrial applications that can cause asthma and other respiratory symptoms.
5. Coal dust: Fine particles generated during coal mining, transportation, and handling that can cause lung disease and other health problems.
6. Diesel exhaust: Emissions from diesel engines that contain harmful particulates and gases that can cause respiratory and cardiovascular problems.

Occupational air pollutants are regulated by various government agencies, including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United States, to protect workers from exposure and minimize health risks.

In the context of medicine, there is no specific medical definition for 'metals.' However, certain metals have significant roles in biological systems and are thus studied in physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Some metals are essential to life, serving as cofactors for enzymatic reactions, while others are toxic and can cause harm at certain levels.

Examples of essential metals include:

1. Iron (Fe): It is a crucial component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and various enzymes involved in energy production, DNA synthesis, and electron transport.
2. Zinc (Zn): This metal is vital for immune function, wound healing, protein synthesis, and DNA synthesis. It acts as a cofactor for over 300 enzymes.
3. Copper (Cu): Copper is essential for energy production, iron metabolism, antioxidant defense, and connective tissue formation. It serves as a cofactor for several enzymes.
4. Magnesium (Mg): Magnesium plays a crucial role in many biochemical reactions, including nerve and muscle function, protein synthesis, and blood pressure regulation.
5. Manganese (Mn): This metal is necessary for bone development, protein metabolism, and antioxidant defense. It acts as a cofactor for several enzymes.
6. Molybdenum (Mo): Molybdenum is essential for the function of certain enzymes involved in the metabolism of nucleic acids, proteins, and drugs.
7. Cobalt (Co): Cobalt is a component of vitamin B12, which plays a vital role in DNA synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and nerve function.

Examples of toxic metals include:

1. Lead (Pb): Exposure to lead can cause neurological damage, anemia, kidney dysfunction, and developmental issues.
2. Mercury (Hg): Mercury is highly toxic and can cause neurological problems, kidney damage, and developmental issues.
3. Arsenic (As): Arsenic exposure can lead to skin lesions, cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.
4. Cadmium (Cd): Cadmium is toxic and can cause kidney damage, bone demineralization, and lung irritation.
5. Chromium (Cr): Excessive exposure to chromium can lead to skin ulcers, respiratory issues, and kidney and liver damage.

Trace elements are essential minerals that the body needs in very small or tiny amounts, usually less than 100 milligrams per day, for various biological processes. These include elements like iron, zinc, copper, manganese, fluoride, selenium, and iodine. They are vital for maintaining good health and proper functioning of the human body, but they are required in such minute quantities that even a slight excess or deficiency can lead to significant health issues.

Occupational exposure refers to the contact of an individual with potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents as a result of their job or occupation. This can include exposure to hazardous substances such as chemicals, heavy metals, or dusts; physical agents such as noise, radiation, or ergonomic stressors; and biological agents such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi.

Occupational exposure can occur through various routes, including inhalation, skin contact, ingestion, or injection. Prolonged or repeated exposure to these hazards can increase the risk of developing acute or chronic health conditions, such as respiratory diseases, skin disorders, neurological damage, or cancer.

Employers have a legal and ethical responsibility to minimize occupational exposures through the implementation of appropriate control measures, including engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment, and training programs. Regular monitoring and surveillance of workers' health can also help identify and prevent potential health hazards in the workplace.

An optical device is not a medical term per se, but rather a general term that describes any instrument or tool that uses light or electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum to observe, measure, or manipulate objects or phenomena. However, there are several optical devices that are commonly used in medical settings and have specific medical definitions. Here are some examples:

1. Ophthalmoscope: A handheld device used by healthcare professionals to examine the interior of the eye, including the retina, optic nerve, and vitreous humor. It typically consists of a handle, a light source, and a set of lenses that can be adjusted to focus on different parts of the eye.
2. Slit lamp: A specialized microscope used in ophthalmology to examine the structures of the eye at high magnification. It uses a narrow beam of light to illuminate the eye and allows the examiner to visualize details such as corneal abrasions, cataracts, and retinal lesions.
3. Microscope: A device that uses a system of lenses or mirrors to magnify objects or images, making them visible to the human eye. Microscopes are used in various medical fields, including pathology, hematology, and microbiology, to examine specimens such as tissues, cells, and microorganisms.
4. Endoscope: A flexible tube equipped with a light source and a camera that can be inserted into body cavities or passages to visualize internal structures. Endoscopes are used in procedures such as colonoscopy, gastroscopy, and laparoscopy to diagnose and treat conditions such as polyps, ulcers, and tumors.
5. Otoscope: A device used by healthcare professionals to examine the ear canal and eardrum. It typically consists of a handle, a light source, and a speculum that can be inserted into the ear canal to visualize the eardrum and identify any abnormalities such as inflammation, infection, or foreign bodies.
6. Refractor: A device used in optometry to measure the refractive error of the eye, or the amount of lens power needed to correct vision. The patient looks through a series of lenses while reading an eye chart, and the optometrist adjusts the lenses until the clearest vision is achieved.
7. Slit lamp: A microscope used in ophthalmology to examine the structures of the eye, including the cornea, iris, lens, and retina. The slit lamp uses a narrow beam of light to illuminate the eye and allow for detailed examination of any abnormalities or diseases.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

I believe you may be asking for a medical explanation or examples of substances that are referred to as "waxes." Waxes are not a specific medical term, but they can refer to various natural or synthetic esters that are insoluble in water and have a soft, waxy consistency. In a medical context, the term "waxes" might refer to:

1. Cerumen (Earwax): A yellowish waxy substance produced by glands in the ear canal. Cerumen helps protect the ear by trapping dirt, dust, and other particles and preventing them from entering the inner ear.
2. Sebaceous Waxes: These are esters found in sebum, an oily substance produced by sebaceous glands in the skin. Sebum helps keep the skin and hair moisturized and protected.
3. Cutaneous Waxes: These are lipid-rich substances secreted by specialized sweat glands called eccrine glands. They help to waterproof and protect the skin.
4. Histological Waxes: Paraffin or other waxes used in histology for tissue processing, embedding, and microtomy to prepare thin sections of tissues for examination under a microscope.

These are some examples of substances that can be referred to as "waxes" in a medical context.

Bivalvia is a class of mollusks, also known as "pelecypods," that have a laterally compressed body and two shells or valves. These valves are hinged together on one side and can be opened and closed to allow the animal to feed or withdraw into its shell for protection.

Bivalves include clams, oysters, mussels, scallops, and numerous other species. They are characterized by their simple body structure, which consists of a muscular foot used for burrowing or anchoring, a soft mantle that secretes the shell, and gills that serve both as respiratory organs and feeding structures.

Bivalves play an important role in aquatic ecosystems as filter feeders, helping to maintain water quality by removing particles and organic matter from the water column. They are also commercially important as a source of food for humans and other animals, and their shells have been used historically for various purposes such as tools, jewelry, and building materials.

'Cucurbita' is a genus of herbaceous vines in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae. This genus includes several species of plants that are commonly known as squashes or gourds, such as pumpkins, zucchinis, and acorn squashes. The fruits of these plants are widely cultivated and consumed for their nutritional value and versatility in cooking.

The name 'Cucurbita' comes from the Latin word for "gourd" or "pumpkin." Plants in this genus are native to the Americas, with some species originating in Mexico and Central America and others in the southern United States. They have been cultivated by humans for thousands of years and are an important part of many traditional diets around the world.

In a medical context, 'Cucurbita' may be mentioned in relation to the use of certain species as traditional remedies or in nutritional studies. For example, pumpkin seeds have been used in traditional medicine to treat parasitic infections, and some research suggests that they may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, it is important to note that the scientific evidence for these potential health benefits is still limited, and more research is needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn.

Some other notable chromium(II) compounds include chromium(II) oxide CrO, and chromium(II) sulfate CrSO 4. Many chromium(II) ... A large number of chromium(III) compounds are known, such as chromium(III) nitrate, chromium(III) acetate, and chromium(III) ... Most chromium(I) compounds are obtained solely by oxidation of electron-rich, octahedral chromium(0) complexes. Other chromium( ... Bis(benzene)chromium and chromium hexacarbonyl are highlights in organochromium chemistry. Chromium(II) compounds are uncommon ...
Chromium difluoride Chromium trifluoride Chromium tetrafluoride Perry, Dale L. (2011). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, Second ... It is a red volatile solid that melts at 34 °C. It is the highest known chromium fluoride, since the hypothetical chromium ... and chromium(VI). Chromium pentafluoride can react with Lewis bases such as caesium fluoride and nitryl fluoride to give the ... Chromium-halogen compounds, Fluorides, Metal halides, Chromium(V) compounds, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs). ...
In chromium hexacarbonyl, the oxidation state for chromium is assigned as zero, because Cr-C bonding electrons come from the C ... Chromium hexacarbonyl (IUPAC name: hexacarbonylchromium) is a chromium(0) organometallic compound with the formula Cr(CO)6. It ... Preparation of chromium hexacarbonyl from chromium metal". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 76 (1): C19-C21. doi:10.1016/ ... A unique double ligand-transfer reaction was reported with using chromium trichloride and chromium hexacarbonyl. In reactions, ...
Some other notable chromium(II) compounds include chromium(II) oxide CrO, and chromium(II) sulfate CrSO 4. Many chromium(II) ... A large number of chromium(III) compounds are known, such as chromium(III) nitrate, chromium(III) acetate, and chromium(III) ... Most chromium(I) compounds are obtained solely by oxidation of electron-rich, octahedral chromium(0) complexes. Other chromium( ... Bis(benzene)chromium and chromium hexacarbonyl are highlights in organochromium chemistry. Chromium(II) compounds are uncommon ...
CrSi Chromium(II) silicide, CrSi2 This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Chromium silicide. If an ... Chromium silicide may refer to the following chemical compounds: Trichromium silicide, Cr3Si Pentachromium trisilicide, Cr5Si3 ...
... or chromium(VI) fluoride (CrF6) is a hypothetical chemical compound between chromium and fluorine with ... v t e v t e (Chromium(VI) compounds, Chromium-halogen compounds, Metal halides, Hexafluorides, Hypothetical chemical compounds ... CrF6 used to be thought to be produced by exhaustive fluorination of chromium metal at 400 °C and 20 MPa of pressure, and ... Hope, Eric G.; Levason, William.; Ogden, J. Steven (1991). "Is chromium hexafluoride octahedral? Experiment still suggests "yes ...
... (also known as chromium(VI) oxide or chromic anhydride) is an inorganic compound with the formula CrO3. It is ... Chromium trioxide is a powerful oxidiser, a mutagen, and a carcinogen. Chromium trioxide is generated by treating sodium ... Chromium trioxide is highly toxic, corrosive, and carcinogenic. It is the main example of hexavalent chromium, an environmental ... The related chromium(III) derivatives are not particularly dangerous; thus, reductants are used to destroy chromium(VI) samples ...
Titanium in chromium hydride make the β-chromium form of the chromium-hydrogen solution more stable.[citation needed] Bradley, ... Electroplating chromium metal from a chromate solution involves the formation of chromium hydride. If the temperature is high ... Face-centered cubic chromium hydride also forms temporarily when chromium metal is etched with hydrochloric acid. The hexagonal ... Chromium hydrides are compounds of chromium and hydrogen, and possibly other elements. Intermetallic compounds with not-quite- ...
... may refer to: Chromium(II) sulfate Chromium(III) sulfate This set index article lists chemical compounds ...
Chromium deficiency, for the role of chromium in biology and nutrition Chromium B.S.U., an open-source space shooter game ... Look up Chromium or chromium in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic ... Chromium may also refer to: Chromium (computer graphics), a system for OpenGL rendering on clusters of computers Chromium (web ... Isotopes of chromium All pages with titles beginning with Chromium All pages with titles containing Chromium This ...
Soluble hexavalent chromium is the most common type of chromium in oceans, where over 70% of dissolved chromium in the ocean is ... Chromium commonly exists in soil and rocks as highly insoluble trivalent chromium, such as chromite (Fe(II)Cr(III) 2O 4, or FeO ... Hexavalent chromium is reduced to trivalent chromium in oxygen minimum zones or at the surface of the ocean by divalent iron ... Estuaries release particulate chromium from rivers to the sea, increasing the dissolved fluxes of chromium to the ocean. ...
Trivalent chromium, or chromium(III), is the form of chromium that is essential to human health. Hexavalent chromium, or ... Hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium are chromium ions-they have different numbers of electrons and, therefore, different ... Hexavalent chromium, also called chromium(VI), is hemotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic. When hexavalent chromium enters the ... In some nutritional supplements, chromium(III) occurs as chromium(III) picolinate (in which chromium is bound to picolinic acid ...
... may refer to: Chromium(II) acetylacetonate (chromium diacetylacetonate), Cr(C5H7O2)2 Chromium(III) ... acetylacetonate (chromium triacetylacetonate), Cr(C5H7O2)3 This set index article lists chemical compounds articles associated ...
... may refer to: Chromium(II) acetate Chromium(III) acetate This set index article lists chemical compounds ...
... may refer to: Chromium(II) oxide, CrO Chromium(III) oxide, Cr2O3 Chromium dioxide (chromium(IV) oxide), CrO2, ... which includes the hypothetical compound chromium(II) chromate Chromium trioxide (chromium(VI) oxide), CrO3 Chromium(VI) oxide ...
... (chromium(VI), Cr(VI), chromium 6) is chromium in any chemical compound that contains the element in the +6 ... Inside the cell, hexavalent chromium(VI) is reduced first to pentavalent chromium(V) then to trivalent chromium(III) without ... specifically for hexavalent chromium, not total chromium. "Hexavalent Chromium PHG". Oehha.org. Archived from the original on ... Virtually all chromium ore is processed via hexavalent chromium, specifically the salt sodium dichromate. Hexavalent chromium ...
... is a free and open-source variant of the Chromium web browser that removes all Google-specific web services ... Some Chromium features do not work on ungoogled-chromium, a notable one being installing extensions directly from the Chrome ... "ungoogled-chromium/LICENSE". Retrieved 22 April 2020. Cimpanu, Catalin (16 October 2016). "UnGoogled Chromium Removes All the ... The ungoogled-chromium project was founded by a hobbyist with the user name Eloston in 2015. It was first developed for Linux, ...
... may refer to: Chromium(II) fluoride, a blue-green iridescent solid Chromium(III) fluoride, a green ... a dark greenish-black color when solid Chromium(V) fluoride, a red volatile solid Chromium(VI) fluoride, a hypothetical ...
"Chromium". KVIFF. Retrieved 3 November 2018. "'Chromium' ('Krom'): Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 3 November ... Chromium at IMDb v t e v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Use dmy dates from ... Chromium (Albanian: Krom) is a 2015 Albanian drama film directed by Bujar Alimani. It was selected as the Albanian entry for ... Holdsworth, Nick (18 September 2016). "Oscars: Albania Selects 'Chromium' for Foreign-Language Category". The Hollywood ...
... may refer to: Chromium(II) chloride, also known as chromous chloride Chromium(III) chloride, also known as ... chromic chloride or chromium trichloride Chromium(IV) chloride, unstable This set index article lists chemical compounds ...
Chromium(III) nitride can be prepared by direct combination of chromium and nitrogen at 800 °C: 2 Cr + N 2 → 2 CrN It can also ... Chromium nitride is a chemical compound of chromium and nitrogen with the formula CrN. It is very hard, and is extremely ... Though rare, carlsbergite - the natural form of chromium nitride - occurs in some meteorites. Chromium(III) nitride at ... it is not strictly a chromium(III) compound nor does it contain nitride ions (N3−). Chromium forms a second interstitial ...
Many chromium-containing products, including chromium chloride, chromium citrate, chromium(III) picolinate, chromium(III) ... Chromium deficiency is described as the consequence of an insufficient dietary intake of the mineral chromium. Chromium was ... Chromium. IN: Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Chromium, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, ... Chromium supplementation in general is subject to a certain amount of controversy as it is by no means clear that chromium is ...
... , also known as chromium triiodide, is an inorganic compound with the formula CrI3. It is a black solid ... Chromium triiodide is prepared by the direct reaction of chromium metal with an excess of iodine. The reaction is conducted at ... Like the isomorphous chromium(III) chloride (CrCl3), chromium(III) iodide exhibits a cubic-closest packing arrangement in a ... C to sublime out chromium(II) iodide. The diiodide is then reiodinated. Chromium triiodide is stable in contact with oxygen and ...
... or chromium disilicide is an inorganic compound of chromium and silicon. Its chemical formula is CrSi2. ... Chromium(II) compounds, Group 6 silicides, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs). ...
... is produced from the reaction of chromium(III) oxide and hydrofluoric acid: Cr2O3 + 6 HF + 9 H2O → 2 [Cr ... Chromium(III) fluoride finds some applications as a mordant in textiles and as a corrosion inhibitor. Chromium(III) fluoride ... B.J. Phase Equilibria in the System Chromium(II)Fluoride-Chromium(III) Fluoride. Inorg. Chem., 1962, 1 (3), pp 665-672 ... Chromium(III) fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CrF3. It forms several hydrates. The compound CrF3 is ...
Treatment of chromium powder with concentrated hydroiodic acid gives a blue hydrated chromium(II) iodide, which can be ... Chromium(II) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula CrI2. It is a red-brown or black solid. The compound is made by ... Holah, David G.; Fackler, John P. (1967). "Chromium(II) Salts and Complexes". Inorganic Syntheses: 26-35. doi:10.1002/ ... Reflecting the effects of its d4 configuration, chromium's coordination sphere is highly distorted. ...
... the reduction of chromium(III) sulfate with zinc. In aqueous solutions chromium(II) sulfate forms metal aquo complexes, ... Chromium(II) compounds, Sulfates, Chromium-oxygen compounds, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs). ... Solutions of chromium(II) are easily oxidized by air to Cr(III) species. Solutions of Cr(II) are used as specialized reducing ... Chromium(II) sulfate refers to inorganic compounds with the chemical formula CrSO4·n H2O. Several closely related hydrated ...
... is reduced by hydrogen gas at 350-400 °C to give chromium(II) bromide: 2 CrBr3 + H2 → 2 CrBr2 + 2 HBr ... Chromium(III) bromide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CrBr3. It is a dark colored solid that appears green ... The compound is prepared in a tube furnace by the reaction of bromine vapor and chromium powder at 1000 °C. It is purified by ... Analogous to the behavior of related chromium(III) halides, the tribromide dissolves in water to give CrBr3(H2O)3 only upon the ...
Chromium dioxide or chromium(IV) oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CrO2. It is a black synthetic magnetic solid. ... Acicular chromium dioxide was first synthesized in 1956 by Norman L. Cox, a chemist at E.I. DuPont, by decomposing chromium ... Chromium-oxygen compounds, Audio engineering, Transition metal oxides, Ferromagnetic materials, Chromium(IV) compounds). ... With the increasing popularity of CDs and DVDs, the use of chromium(IV) oxide has declined. However, it is still used in data ...
... (CrCl4) is an unstable chromium compound. It is generated by combining chromium(III) chloride and ... Chromium-halogen compounds, Chlorides, Metal halides, Chromium(IV) compounds, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs). ...
Some other notable chromium(II) compounds include chromium(II) oxide CrO, and chromium(II) sulfate CrSO 4. Many chromium(II) ... A large number of chromium(III) compounds are known, such as chromium(III) nitrate, chromium(III) acetate, and chromium(III) ... Most chromium(I) compounds are obtained solely by oxidation of electron-rich, octahedral chromium(0) complexes. Other chromium( ... Bis(benzene)chromium and chromium hexacarbonyl are highlights in organochromium chemistry. Chromium(II) compounds are uncommon ...
Chromium(VI) at high levels can damage the nose and can cause cancer. Chromium has been found at 1,036 of the 1,591 National ... Exposure to chromium occurs from ingesting contaminated food or drinking water or breathing contaminated workplace air. ... The metal chromium, which is the chromium(0) form, is used for making steel. Chromium(VI) and chromium(III) are used for chrome ... The most common forms are chromium(0), chromium(III), and chromium(VI). No taste or odor is associated with chromium compounds. ...
Download the latest version of Chromium for Mac for free. Read 226 user reviews and compare with similar apps on MacUpdate. ... Chromium. overview. Chromium is an open-source browser project that aims to build a safer, faster, and more stable way for all ... Sadly the Chromium people are obviously not able to get the spyware out of the code. Probably because there wouldnt be any code ... Chromium first wants access to my Keychain, then it connects to google without even having any browser window open. So much ...
He instructs his bride-to-be to bring any number of people she wants aboard his ship, the Chromium Blue. With the help of the ...
Chromium is an essential element that is not made by the body. It must be obtained from the diet. ... Chromium is an essential element that is not made by the body. It must be obtained from the diet. ... Chromium: fact sheet for health professionals. ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Chromium-HealthProfessional/. Updated June 2, 2022. ... Lack of chromium may be seen in people with impaired glucose tolerance. It occurs in older people with type 2 diabetes and in ...
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DSA-5068-1 chromium -- sikkerhedsopdatering. Rapporteret den:. 7. feb 2022. Berørte pakker:. chromium Sårbar:. Ja. Referencer i ... Vi anbefaler at du opgraderer dine chromium-pakker.. For detaljeret sikkerhedsstatus vedrørende chromium, se dens ... Adskillige sikkerhedsproblemer blev opdaget i Chromium, hvilke kunne medføre udførelse af vilkårlig kode, lammelsesangreb eller ...
While initially we thought wed find 15-20 browsers, the number of Chromium-based browsers was far larger than we expected. ... ZDNet has compiled a list of all the internet browsers that have been based on Chromium, the open-source browser project at the ... Ungoogled Chromium. Ungoogled Chromium is one of the most recent forks of the Chromium project, and one that came out of some ... Chromium. When you say Chromium, most users tend to think of a jumble of unusable source code that Google engineers use to ...
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Chromium picolinate or chromium oxide are usually used for supplementation-the former being considered more effective. ... Chromium is generally found in nature in the mineral chromite (FeO - Cr2O3), but can also be found in crocoite (PbCrO4). It is ... Chromium (Cr) is a chemical element found at number 24 on the periodic table. It is a hard, lustrous gray transition metal used ... Chromium is used in a number of products, including cassette tapes, metal polish (green rouge), colored pigments and dyes, jet ...
Learn About Chromium * Toxicology FAQs Frequently asked questions from the Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry ( ... Chromium Toxicity Case Study in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) from the Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR) ...
Occupational Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium, in January 2013. The final document and the NIOSH responses to the peer and ... Presentation titled, "History of NIOSH Hexavalent Chromium Process" by Lentz (NIOSH) - 01/22/09 [PDF - 877 KB] ... Title: Criteria Document Update: Occupational Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium. Subject: Review of the relevant scientific ... Draft NIOSH "Criteria Document Update: Occupational Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium," September 2008 [PDF - 65,490 KB] ...
Substituting chromium into catalysts and luminescent materials also works nearly as well as their traditional noble metal ... Chromium is 20,000 more abundant than certain metals used in solar arrays and smartphones. Deposit Photos. SHARE * ... Whats more, chromium is 20,000 times more common within the Earths crust than either noble meta-both of which are nearly as ... Chromium is showing immense promise as a cheap, plentiful alternative to metals used in smartphone screens and solar cells. ...
Пакет chromium-bsu-data. *bookworm (stable) (games): data pack for the Chromium B.S.U. game 0.9.16.1-3: all ... Пакет chromium-lwn4chrome. *bookworm (stable) (web): Chromium extension for making LWN.net slightly easier to read 1.0-3: all ... Пакет chromium-tt-rss-notifier. *bookworm (stable) (web): Chromium extension providing toolbar button for TT-RSS installations ... Пакет node-electron-to-chromium. *bookworm (stable) (javascript): Provides a list of electron-to-chromium version mappings 1.4. ...
This article advises the benefits, recommended amounts and potential risks involve in consuming chromium. ... Chromium is a metallic element found in food. ... Fast facts on chromium. *Chromium is a mineral that humans need ... proprietary-chromium-complex-and-its-individual-components-versus-chromium-picolinate-chromium-polynicotinate-and-chromium- ... Effects of proprietary chromium complex and its individual components versus chromium picolinate, chromium polynicotinate and ...
You have searched for packages that names contain chromium in suite(s) experimental, all sections, and architecture(s) ppc64. ...
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
The Chromium Projects. Home Chromium Chromium OS Quick links. Report bugs Discuss Other sites. Chromium Blog Google Chrome ... Chromium. Chromium is an open-source browser project that aims to build a safer, faster, and more stable way for all Internet ... Life Of A Chromium Developer. Interested but dont know where to start? Need a quick crash course on Chromium development? Take ... Getting Involved: learn how you can help the Chromium project. *For Developers: design docs, how-tos, and other useful ...
Chromium trioxide was discovered in some of our trains. Read about the measures NS has taken and what the health risks are for ... Chromium trioxide and the health risks. In solid form, chromium trioxide is not harmful to people or the environment. Chromium ... Chromium-6 dossier Chromium trioxide dossier. In June 2015, chromium trioxide was detected in old layers of paint on some of ... Letter from NS regarding chromium trioxide (pdf, 399 kB) * Mansvelds response to reports of chromium trioxide in paint on ...
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/mali-valhall-g610/x11-gbm chromium --use-gl=egl To quickly verify if hwvdec works for Chromium, open ... LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/mali-valhall-g610/x11-gbm chromium --use-gl=egl To quickly verify if hwvdec works for Chromium, open ... pacakge, different from the offiical Chromium pacakge, I had to change this package to use re2. from Chromiums source tree ... pacakge, different from the offiical Chromium pacakge, I had to change this package to use re2. from Chromiums source tree ...
Como instalar Chromium: # apt update # apt install chromium chromium-l10n. (chromium-l10n sólo es usado para la localización y ... etc/chromium.d/enable-remote-extensions. es: # Habilitar las extensiones export CHROMIUM_FLAGS=$CHROMIUM_FLAGS --enable-remote ... etc/chromium.d/. que establezca las flags : --load-extension=/extension_fullpath. para cada una, o qué habilite todas con: -- ... Chromium es un navegador web de código abierto que busca ofrecer una experiencia de navegación estable, rápida y segura. Es el ...
Chromium Portable is a custom-built version of the dev channel of the Chromium web browser, optimized for portable use and ... Chromium Portable Application: Chromium Portable. Category: Internet. Description: Chromium Portable is a custom-built version ... unzip it to the Chromium Portable .\App\Chromium directory or is there a reason you have to customize & create the Chromium ... Chromium Portable homepage Check the Chromium Portable homepage, listed above. KAlug just hasnt had the chance to update this ...
Home Safety Resources TLV For Chromium Compounds ACGIH Chromium Compounds TLV. ACGIH CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS TLV CHANGE SUM ... Chromium (VI) compounds which are carcinogens within the meaning of point (i) of Article 2(a) (as chromium) 8 hours 0,005 mg/m3 ... The new TLV for chromium compounds includes a .003 mg/m3 limit for inhalable chromium (III) compounds, which is a 167-fold ... The fume from some welding consumables - and from some other allied processes - does contain chromium and chromium compounds ...
And while that doesnt mean that your old-school Edge is going away today, Microsoft will start rolling out the Chromium ... stable version of its Chromium-based Edge web browser. ... The Edge Chromium settings worth caring about. Click on the ... Where do I get Edge Chromium?. If you dont want to wait for Microsoft to dump its updated browser in your lap, you can ... And while that doesnt mean that your old-school Edge is going away today, Microsoft will start rolling out the Chromium ...
Atomic Reference Data for Electronic Structure Calculations, Chromium * Atomic Reference Data for Electronic Structure ...
Chromium (total). Find out what is in your tap water ... EWGs Tap Water Database Chromium (total) results for Potco ... One form, hexavalent chromium, causes cancer. Total chromium is not a good indicator of the amount of hexavalent chromium in ... Chromium (total). Potco Water System. Chromium is a naturally occurring metal, but industrial uses can elevate its levels in ... and applies to both the less-toxic trivalent chromium and the more-toxic hexavalent chromium forms of this compound. This limit ...
Chromium (hexavalent). Find out what is in your tap water ... EWGs Tap Water Database Chromium (hexavalent) results for ... Chromium (hexavalent). Greenbush Water District. Chromium (hexavalent) is a carcinogen that commonly contaminates American ... Chromium (hexavalent) in drinking water may be due to industrial pollution or natural occurrences in mineral deposits and ... The EWG Health Guideline of 0.02 ppb for chromium (hexavalent) was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health ...
Chromium online at Vitacost.com. Enjoy big savings and have these healthy essentials delivered to your door! ... Trace Minerals Research Ionic Chromium Dietary Supplement -- 550 mcg - 2 fl oz ...
Re: [gentoo-dev] www-client/chromium needs a new ... Alexe Stefan. * *Re: [gentoo-dev] www-client/chromium needs a ... Alexe ... gentoo-dev] www-client/chromium needs a new maintainer Mike Gilbert. * *Re: [gentoo-dev] www-client/chromium needs a new main ... Re: [gentoo-dev] www-client/chromium needs a new maintainer Sam James Wed, 07 Jun 2023 07:21:37 -0700 ... Weve just last-rited chromium-bin because manually building it is too much hassle. Jeff is asking what makes maintaining ...
  • While chromium metal and Cr(III) ions are considered non-toxic, hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is toxic and carcinogenic. (wikipedia.org)
  • NIOSH published a final document, Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium , in January 2013. (cdc.gov)
  • The new TLV is 0.0002 mg/m3 for inhalable hexavalent chromium compounds, representing a 250-fold reduction from the previous 0.05 mg/m3 TLV. (lincolnelectric.com)
  • The ACGIH's recent change in the chromium compounds TLVs appears to be based primarily on animal studies for the hexavalent chromium TLV changes, and studies of Finnish chromium workers for the chromium (III) compounds TLV change. (lincolnelectric.com)
  • The TLV for inhalable hexavalent chromium compounds [Cr(VI)] was reduced from 0.05 mg/m3 to a new TLV of 0.0002 mg/m3. (lincolnelectric.com)
  • A Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL) of 0.0005 mg/m3 for inhalable hexavalent chromium compounds was also established. (lincolnelectric.com)
  • Although the fume from some welding consumables does contain chromium and chromium compounds, it appears that the ACGIH's latest TLV reduction for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is based on animal studies and studies involving workers in the chromium smelting, ferrochromium production, chromite ore mining and chrome plating industries. (lincolnelectric.com)
  • Chromium (hexavalent) is a carcinogen that commonly contaminates American drinking water. (ewg.org)
  • Chromium (hexavalent) in drinking water may be due to industrial pollution or natural occurrences in mineral deposits and groundwater. (ewg.org)
  • Read more about chromium (hexavalent). (ewg.org)
  • The EWG Health Guideline of 0.02 ppb for chromium (hexavalent) was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. (ewg.org)
  • One form, hexavalent chromium, causes cancer. (ewg.org)
  • Total chromium is not a good indicator of the amount of hexavalent chromium in drinking water. (ewg.org)
  • The legal limit for total chromium, established in 1991, was based on a 1958 toxicity study in laboratory animals, and applies to both the less-toxic trivalent chromium and the more-toxic hexavalent chromium forms of this compound. (ewg.org)
  • This limit does not protect against the risk of cancer from ingestion of hexavalent chromium. (ewg.org)
  • A common method for removing chromium from aqueous solutions involves the reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium . (brainmass.com)
  • BY PANOS PREVEDOUROS PHD - In 1996 the cancer-stricken residents of Hinkley, CA won a $333 million settlement from PG&E for contaminating their tap water with hexavalent chromium, which is commonly abbreviated as chromium-6. (hawaiireporter.com)
  • Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is often severe and difficult to treat. (lu.se)
  • Sulfidated nano zero-valent iron particles were immobilized on ZSM-5 zeolite (Z/S-nZVI) and used for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) remediation . (bvsalud.org)
  • Recent results suggest that chromium picolinate supplements may have benefits for some people, but experts recommend diet, rather than supplements, as the best source of chromium. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Chromium picolinate is a popular supplement often marketed to those wanting to build muscle or lose weight. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In one study, 96 patients with type 2 diabetes took either 400 micrograms (mcg) a day of chromium picolinate, 200 mcg a day, or a placebo . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Those who took 400 mcg daily saw improvements in endothelial function, lipid profile, and biomarkers of oxidative stress , suggesting that chromium picolinate could benefit patients with type 2 diabetes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Findings published in 2017 in Nature , suggest that chromium picolinate, combined with statin medications, might help reduce the symptoms of atherosclerosis in mice. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Researchers gave 19 people who were overweight but otherwise healthy a drink containing amino acids and chromium picolinate at breakfast. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • [2] Chromium picolinate or chromium oxide are usually used for supplementation-the former being considered more effective. (conservapedia.com)
  • Further independent research suggests that daily nutritional supplementation with 1,000 mcg of chromium as chromium picolinate can significantly decrease blood sugar levels in insulin-treated people with poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • The study, presented last week at the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Congress in Paris, France, found a daily supplement of 1,000 mcg chromium picolinate significantly decreased blood sugar levels in insulin-treated people with poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • Researchers from Isala Clinics and University Hospital Groningen in the Netherlands conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, in which 52 subjects were randomly assigned to three groups, to receive placebo, 500 mcg or 1,000 mcg of chromium, as chromium picolinate, per day. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • The use of chromium picolinate in this trial produced significant improvements in HbA1c levels and other clinical parameters. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • This is one of the first studies to test chromium picolinate supplementation exclusively on patients with insulin-treated, poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • The company currently has two large clinical trials underway to further evaluate the effects of 1,000 mcg of its own Chromax chromium picolinate on blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • Ilex paraguariensis, white mulberry and chromium picolinate in patients with pre-diabetes. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Picolinate is often paired with chromium in supplements ( chromium picolinate), supposedly to help the body absorb chromium more efficiently. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chromium picolinate is used for diabetes, high cholesterol, as well as a hormonal disorder in which women have enlarged ovaries with cysts (polycystic ovary syndrome or PCOS), and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these uses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • There is also no evidence that chromium picolinate benefits body composition or cholesterol and triglyceride levels. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fedora Update Notification FEDORA-2023-f29e9560a1 2023-11-14 01:55:09.715473 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name : chromium Product : Fedora 38 Version : 119.0.6045.123 Release : 1.fc38 URL : https://www.chromium.org/Home Summary : A WebKit (Blink) powered web browser that Google doesn't want you to use Description : Chromium is an open-source web browser, powered by WebKit (Blink). (linuxsecurity.com)
  • openSUSE Security Update: Security update for chromium ______________________________________________________________________________ Announcement ID: openSUSE-SU-2023:0132-1 Rating: critical References: #1212302 Cross-References: CVE-2023-3214 CVE-2023-3215 CVE-2023-3216 CVE-2023-3217 Affected Products: openSUSE Backports SLE-15-SP4 ______________________________________________________________________________ An update that fixes four vulnerabilities is now available. (linuxsecurity.com)
  • Stainless steel and chrome plating (electroplating with chromium) together comprise 85% of the commercial use. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromium(VI) and chromium(III) are used for chrome plating, dyes and pigments, leather tanning, and wood preserving. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing high levels of chromium(VI) can cause irritation are used for chrome plating, dyes and pigments, leather to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and tanning, and wood preserving. (cdc.gov)
  • ZDNet has compiled a list of all the internet browsers that have been based on Chromium, the open-source browser project at the heart of Google Chrome. (zdnet.com)
  • When you say Chromium , most users tend to think of a jumble of unusable source code that Google engineers use to build the more advanced Chrome browser. (zdnet.com)
  • Google Chrome is the reason why the Chromium project exists in the first place. (zdnet.com)
  • Both projects were launched at the same time, on September 2, 2008, because Google wanted to dispel rumors that it was planning to use Chrome to spy on users' browsing habits, so it open-sourced Chrome's inner guts as the Chromium project, under an open-source license. (zdnet.com)
  • This didn't stop with the Chromium switch, as Opera continued to innovate and break new grounds for browsers, being the first to integrate an ad blocker by default, a VPN-like system, a cryptocurrency wallet, and it was also the first browser to experiment a floating video player window years before Google developers even thought of adding one to Chrome. (zdnet.com)
  • Currently, Vivaldi is a stable browser that can rival any other Chromium-based browsers in features and speed, even Chrome. (zdnet.com)
  • Meanwhile, electroplating a thin layer of chromium atop another metal produces what is commonly known as chrome plating-think Harley-Davidson motorcycles, or hot-rod cars. (popsci.com)
  • I'm unclear why you've customized the actual Chromium app, though, especially since the FF & Chrome Portable apps themselves aren't customized. (portableapps.com)
  • The new TLV for inhalable inorganic chromium (III) compounds is based upon studies of Finnish chrome workers. (lincolnelectric.com)
  • From the wording in the press release, it sounds like Opera will basically be porting its unique features and UI over to Chromium , the open-source version of Chrome that uses the WebKit layout engine and V8 JavaScript engine. (extremetech.com)
  • Microsoft and Google engineers have both been working together to make improvements to the underlying Chromium project so that their browsers, Chrome and Edge, can offer users a better experience on Windows. (ubergizmo.com)
  • WindowsLatest discovered a source code change to Chromium, the open source project on which Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera, and a whole host of browsers are based on. (slashgear.com)
  • Chromium is the open-source web browser project from which Google Chrome draws its source code. (freelancer.com)
  • We got that browser in January 2020 , and it is a delight to work with, being one of the best Chromium offshoots on the market. (zdnet.com)
  • Interesting talk from "Chromium University 2020", digging into Chrome's Rendering Pipeline. (bram.us)
  • The name of the element is derived from the Greek word χρῶμα, chrōma, meaning color, because many chromium compounds are intensely colored. (wikipedia.org)
  • No taste or odor is associated with chromium compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • The concentrations of chromium in air that can cause these effects may be different for different types of chromium compounds, with effects occurring at much lower concentrations for chromium(VI) compared to chromium(III). (cdc.gov)
  • The main health problems seen in animals following ingestion of chromium(VI) compounds are irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine and anemia. (cdc.gov)
  • Chromium(III) compounds are much less toxic and do not appear to cause these problems. (cdc.gov)
  • Skin contact with certain chromium(VI) compounds can cause skin ulcers. (cdc.gov)
  • The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the EPA have determined that chromium(VI) compounds are known human carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
  • ingestion of chromium(VI) compounds are irritation and · Chromium does not usually remain in the ulcers in the stomach and small intestine and anemia. (cdc.gov)
  • the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Since chromium(III) is an essential element and naturally and the EPA have determined that chromium(VI) occurs in food, there will always be some level of compounds are known human carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
  • a deficiency will lead to a reduction in glucose tolerance, as several chromium (III) compounds have been found to enhance the effectiveness of insulin. (conservapedia.com)
  • The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) advised in March of 2018 that it had adopted its proposed change to the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for Chromium Compounds. (lincolnelectric.com)
  • The new TLV for chromium compounds includes a .003 mg/m3 limit for inhalable chromium (III) compounds, which is a 167-fold reduction from the previous 0.5 mg/m3 TLV. (lincolnelectric.com)
  • These changes are not specific to the welding industry, but may impact welding and its allied processes that contain chromium compounds and/or may contain chromium compounds in the fume. (lincolnelectric.com)
  • Where exposures are assessed to be over the TLV, many approaches can be considered in the workplace for reducing exposure levels to contaminants to levels below the TLV, including these new TLVs related to chromium compounds. (lincolnelectric.com)
  • The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) adopted new Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for Chromium and Inorganic Compounds. (lincolnelectric.com)
  • The TLV for inhalable inorganic chromium (III) compounds was reduced from 0.5 mg/m3 to is a new TLV of 0.003 mg/m3. (lincolnelectric.com)
  • The fume from some welding consumables - and from some other allied processes - does contain chromium and chromium compounds which is why this change is of importance to the welding industry. (lincolnelectric.com)
  • Why did the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) decide to make these changes to the TLVs for chromium compounds? (lincolnelectric.com)
  • No new studies on the impact of chromium compounds on human health were discussed. (lincolnelectric.com)
  • from the Greek word " chroma " meaning " colour ", named for the many coloured compounds known for chromium. (webelements.com)
  • In fact, the name chromium is from the Greek word " chroma " meaning " colour ", so named because of the many different coloured compounds displayed by chromium. (webelements.com)
  • Chromium-based catalysts are used for the synthesis of polyethylene, but little is known about the hazard and biomonitoring possibilities of this type of chromium for workers who may be occupationally exposed to such compounds. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • For more information, refer to the dnf documentation available at https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/command_ref.html#upgrade-command-label All packages are signed with the Fedora Project GPG key. (linuxsecurity.com)
  • Chromium supplementation may have a therapeutic role in the treatment of hypoglycemia. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Chromium/biotin supplementation improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Although chromium deficiency impairs insulin function, supplementation has not been shown to help people with diabetes, except for small changes in blood sugar. (msdmanuals.com)
  • they thus contribute less to metallic bonding, and hence the melting and boiling points and the enthalpy of atomisation of chromium are lower than those of the preceding element vanadium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Along with vanadium , chromium is one of the minerals which is believed to help control blood sugar. (conservapedia.com)
  • In December 2018, Microsoft announced that it was going to port its Edge browser from its proprietary EdgeHTML engine to Google's Chromium. (zdnet.com)
  • In the United States, trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) ion is considered an essential nutrient in humans for insulin, sugar, and lipid metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromium (more specifically, trivalent chromium ) is a mineral required in small quantities by the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because of the low absorption and high excretion rates of chromium, toxicity is not common. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Lack of chromium may be seen in people with impaired glucose tolerance. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Past research was unable to confirm that supplemental chromium could benefit people with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes, but more recent studies indicate that it may help in managing diabetes , reducing levels of blood lipids, enhancing weight loss, and improving body composition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • To investigate Cr(VI) and total chromium content in samples of cement from countries within and outside the EU. (lu.se)
  • The content of Cr(VI) in the samples was estimated by the diphenyl carbazide spot test, atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to assess the total chromium content. (lu.se)
  • You have searched for packages that names contain chromium in suite(s) experimental , all sections, and architecture(s) ppc64 . (debian.org)
  • This was eventually identified as chromium oxide. (webelements.com)
  • Chromium oxide was discovered in 1797 by Louis-Nicholas Vauquelin, who prepared the metal itself in the following year. (webelements.com)
  • The residue was chromium oxide, CrO 3 . (webelements.com)
  • Industrial production of chromium proceeds from chromite ore (mostly FeCr2O4) to produce ferrochromium, an iron-chromium alloy, by means of aluminothermic or silicothermic reactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ION Stent System incorporates a unique platinum chromium (PtCr) alloy designed specifically for coronary stenting and intended to improve the acute performance of coronary stent implantation in the treatment of coronary artery disease. (prnewswire.com)
  • The platinum chromium alloy represents a leap forward in materials technology and will address many of the limitations found in older stent alloys. (prnewswire.com)
  • The Company has made significant investments in the platinum chromium alloy, and our success with the PtCr Stent Series in Europe and other international markets has confirmed that stent material really matters," said Hank Kucheman , Executive Vice President and Group President, Cardiology, Rhythm and Vascular for Boston Scientific. (prnewswire.com)
  • The product incorporates the same platinum chromium alloy, innovative stent design and advanced catheter delivery system of the ION Stent System. (prnewswire.com)
  • Chromium is an open-source browser project that aims to build a safer, faster, and more stable way for all Internet users to experience the web. (macupdate.com)
  • Microsoft has finally released the official, stable version of its Chromium-based Edge web browser. (lifehacker.com)
  • According to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), chromium trioxide that is used in industrial electroplating processes is a "substance of very high concern" (SVHC). (wikipedia.org)
  • The first reaction to look at is the change from chromium trioxide to the chromate ion. (brainmass.com)
  • But unbeknownst to most users is that Chromium ships as a standalone browser with a graphical user interface that looks identical to Chrome's UI, and which anyone can use to navigate the internet. (zdnet.com)
  • Until it switched to Chromium, Opera used its proprietary browser engine and was considered one of the most customizable and innovative browser makers on the market. (zdnet.com)
  • The browser started out initially by using only a small fraction of the Chromium codebase, using its own UI package, but has recently switched to a full Chromium integration . (zdnet.com)
  • Blisk is a Chromium browser like no other, mainly because it's aimed at developers above all. (zdnet.com)
  • Just like Blisk, Colibri is another Chromium-based browser that took a unique approach to its development and marketing. (zdnet.com)
  • Colibri is a browser that doesn't support multiple tabs and only lets users use one tab in a light and compact GUI that looks like no other Chromium-based browser. (zdnet.com)
  • Epic Browser is a Chromium-based browser focused on blocking. (zdnet.com)
  • Several vulnerabilties have been discovered in the chromium web browser. (debian.org)
  • We recommend that you upgrade your chromium-browser packages. (debian.org)
  • Chromium Portable is a custom-built version of the dev channel of the Chromium web browser, optimized for portable use and packaged in the PortableApps.com Format, so you can run it from an iPod, USB flash drive, portable hard drive, CD or any other portable media. (portableapps.com)
  • Microsoft's new Chromium-based Edge browser looks pretty sleek, but Chromium ditches a conventional menu bar behind other buttons in order to achieve its clean interface. (lifehacker.com)
  • Microsoft confirmed a few months ago that it's building a Chromium-powered version of its Edge browser . (ubergizmo.com)
  • And while that doesn't mean that your old-school Edge is going away today, Microsoft will start rolling out the Chromium browser in small batches before eventually replacing it via Windows Update this summer. (lifehacker.com)
  • Several vulnerabilities have been discovered in the chromium web browser. (backports.org)
  • Chromium is an open-source web browser, powered by WebKit (Blink). (linuxsecurity.com)
  • I am looking for a freelancer to create a chromium-based web browser compatible with Windows. (freelancer.com)
  • We've updated the Chromium browser to version 84. (phoronix.com)
  • According to findings recently published in Nature Chemistry from a team at Switzerland's University of Basel, carefully substituting chromium into catalysts and luminescent materials also works nearly as well as their traditional noble metal components, osmium and ruthenium, but for a fraction of the cost. (popsci.com)
  • Chromium supplements should not be used by people with kidney or liver disorders or by people with iron deficiency. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Use of chromium as a dietary supplement is not recommended, even though such use may result in a small decrease in blood sugar or weight. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 173365 Chromium , MTBE, and Sulfate Health Effects And Treatment What are two health effects and two commonly used treatment technologies for 1. (brainmass.com)
  • The Adequate Intake (AI) of chromium for ages 9 years and above ranges from 21 to 25 micrograms (mcg) per day for females and 25 to 35 mcg per day for men. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Several studies have demonstrated that daily doses up to 1,000 micrograms of chromium are safe. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although chromium supplements are usually safe at doses of up to 1,000 micrograms per day, there appears to be little benefit to offset the small risk of harmful side effects. (msdmanuals.com)
  • By switching to WebKit/Chromium, Opera will not only become faster and more functional, but it will also allow its Norwegian developers to focus on the browser's overall user experience. (extremetech.com)
  • In workers, inhalation of chromium(VI) has been shown to cause lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Chromium can be measured in In workers, inhalation of chromium(VI) has been shown to hair, urine, and blood. (cdc.gov)
  • A major development in steel production was the discovery that steel could be made highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding metallic chromium to form stainless steel. (wikipedia.org)
  • When chromium is used in stainless steel alloys and polished, the specular reflection decreases with the inclusion of additional metals, yet is still high in comparison with other alloys. (wikipedia.org)
  • Silverware is sometimes also coated with chromium, since it is resistant to corrosion Perhaps most importantly, stainless steel is at least ten percent chromium. (conservapedia.com)
  • Whenever a company's fridge, tool, or other item is advertised as "stainless steel," they have chromium to thank. (popsci.com)
  • Stainless steel Charnley stem (left) and a cobalt-chromium Mueller (right). (medscape.com)
  • Chromium(VI) also causes lung cancer in animals. (cdc.gov)
  • Chromium is an essential trace mineral with various benefits, including improving insulin sensitivity and enhancing protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Chromium is a mineral that humans need in very small quantities. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Chromium is generally found in nature in the mineral chromite (FeO - Cr 2 O 3 ), but can also be found in crocoite (PbCrO 4 ). (conservapedia.com)
  • After six months, the average elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) - a marker of long-term blood sugar control levels - in the 1,000 mcg chromium treated group showed a statistically significant improvement - a decrease from 9.5 per cent to 9.0 per cent, reported the team. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • The researchers reported significant improvements in the cholesterol/HDL ratio (-0.46 and -0.32 in the 500 mcg and 1,000 mcg chromium groups, respectively). (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • The study is the fourth trial to show the benefits of 1,000 mcg of chromium on blood sugar levels in people with insulin resistance and diabetes. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • Microsoft's almost 150 commits have been accepted into Chromium. (ubergizmo.com)
  • Not only is the Surface Duo reportedly still on schedule, whatever that schedule may be, the company is now pushing an emulation mode in Chromium that will let web app developers test their software not just for Microsoft's dual-screen devices but even for something like the Samsung Galaxy Fold. (slashgear.com)
  • By targeting Chromium, it is making sure that developers will have access to the tools they need to support Microsoft's future devices as well as others that play that dual-screen game. (slashgear.com)
  • HOW TO UNZIP: The unzipping of the ARM version of Chromium is a SPECIAL CASE. (macupdate.com)
  • I then tried replacing your App\Chromium directory with the latest zipped version from the site above. (portableapps.com)
  • When irradiated by a red lamp, the chromium compound also stored energy within its molecules for potential later use, much like a plant's photosynthesis. (popsci.com)
  • Chromium forms a compound in the body that seems to enhance the effects of insulin and lower glucose levels. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Taking a chromium supplement may help improve insulin resistance but is not recommended as the sole treatment for people with diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There is no accurate measure of chromium nutritional status, but chromium deficiency in humans is rare. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Exactly how chromium benefits the body remains unclear, and reports of deficiency in humans are rare. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, there is little evidence to confirm either the benefits of chromium or what harms a deficiency might cause. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Chromium Deficiency Chromium deficiency is rare in developed countries and can result from intravenous feeding (total parenteral nutrition) used for a long time. (msdmanuals.com)
  • EDS tests showed that the matrix is rich in nickel and chromium, the interdendritic second phase is rich in molybdenum and the precipitates in titanium or silicon. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chromium(III) is an essential nutrient. (cdc.gov)
  • Chromium(III) is an essential nutrient that helps the body use sugar, protein, and fat. (cdc.gov)
  • However, in 2014, the European Food Safety Authority, acting for the European Union, concluded that there was insufficient evidence for chromium to be recognized as essential. (wikipedia.org)
  • The EPA has not yet set a limit for chromium-6 in water despite mounting evidence of the contaminant's toxic effects, including an EPA draft toxicological review that classifies it as "likely to be carcinogenic to humans" when consumed in drinking water. (hawaiireporter.com)
  • According to EWG, the National Toxicology Program has found that chromium-6 in drinking water shows clear evidence of carcinogenic activity in laboratory animals, increasing the risk of otherwise rare gastrointestinal tumors. (hawaiireporter.com)
  • Some evidence suggests that chromium damages chromosomes and consequently may be harmful or perhaps cause cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chromium also aids in insulin action and glucose breakdown. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chromium supplements may enhance muscle mass, weight loss, and glucose control, but researchers are still working to confirm this. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • You can take your bookmarks, extensions, themes and plugins with you, and Chromium Portable will leave no personal information behind on the machine you run it on. (portableapps.com)
  • Living near uncontrolled hazardous waste sites containing chromium or industries that use chromium. (cdc.gov)
  • Children should avoid playing in soils near uncontrolled hazardous waste sites where chromium may have been discarded. (cdc.gov)
  • Chromium is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, · Living near uncontrolled hazardous waste animals, plants, and soil. (cdc.gov)
  • Pure chromium metal is produced by a different process: roasting and leaching of chromite to separate it from iron, followed by reduction with carbon and then aluminium. (wikipedia.org)
  • An increase in stomach tumors was observed in humans and animals exposed to chromium(VI) in drinking water. (cdc.gov)
  • An increase in stomach tumors was observed urine may indicate that a person has been exposed in humans and animals exposed to chromium(VI) in to chromium. (cdc.gov)
  • but am having difficulty finding some question regarding Sodium dichromate (Chromium (VI)) on cattle, fish, humans, and the enviro. (brainmass.com)
  • A year or two after Vauquelin's discovery, a German chemist named Tassaert working in Paris found chromium in an ore now called chromite. (webelements.com)
  • Chromium is the fourth transition metal found on the periodic table, and has an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d5 4s1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromium (Cr) is a chemical element found at number 24 on the periodic table . (conservapedia.com)
  • Breathing high levels of chromium(VI) can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. (cdc.gov)
  • Some forms of chromium may cause stomach irritation or ulcers. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If so, chromium supplements could help improve heart health, especially in those with diabetes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Chromium supplements interfere with iron absorption. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The problem is not just that the Chromium project isn't a certified Apple developer. (macupdate.com)
  • Ingesting high levels of chromium(VI) may result in anemia or damage to the stomach or intestines. (cdc.gov)