Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human
The beta subunit of human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Its structure is similar to the beta subunit of LUTEINIZING HORMONE, except for the additional 30 amino acids at the carboxy end with the associated carbohydrate residues. HCG-beta is used as a diagnostic marker for early detection of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion (ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS); ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; HYDATIDIFORM MOLE; CHORIOCARCINOMA; or DOWN SYNDROME.
Chorionic Gonadotropin
A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).
Choriocarcinoma
A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).
Disulfides
Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit
The alpha chain of pituitary glycoprotein hormones (THYROTROPIN; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; LUTEINIZING HORMONE) and the placental CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Within a species, the alpha subunits of these four hormones are identical; the distinct functional characteristics of these glycoprotein hormones are determined by the unique beta subunits. Both subunits, the non-covalently bound heterodimers, are required for full biologic activity.
Peptide Fragments
Gonadotropins
Hormones that stimulate gonadal functions such as GAMETOGENESIS and sex steroid hormone production in the OVARY and the TESTIS. Major gonadotropins are glycoproteins produced primarily by the adenohypophysis (GONADOTROPINS, PITUITARY) and the placenta (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN). In some species, pituitary PROLACTIN and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN exert some luteotropic activities.
Luteinizing Hormone
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Receptors, LH
Those protein complexes or molecular sites on the surfaces and cytoplasm of gonadal cells that bind luteinizing or chorionic gonadotropic hormones and thereby cause the gonadal cells to synthesize and secrete sex steroids. The hormone-receptor complex is internalized from the plasma membrane and initiates steroid synthesis.
Gonadotropins, Equine
Gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary or the placenta in horses. This term generally refers to the gonadotropins found in the pregnant mare serum, a rich source of equine CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. Unlike that in humans, the equine LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is identical to the equine choronic gonadotropin, beta. Equine gonadotropins prepared from pregnant mare serum are used in reproductive studies.
Receptors, Gonadotropin
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Gonadotropins, Pituitary
Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR) that stimulate gonadal functions in both males and females. They include FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE that stimulates germ cell maturation (OOGENESIS; SPERMATOGENESIS), and LUTEINIZING HORMONE that stimulates the production of sex steroids (ESTROGENS; PROGESTERONE; ANDROGENS).
The effectiveness of non-surgical management of early interstitial pregnancy: a report of ten cases and review of the literature. (1/497)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of non-surgical management of interstitial pregnancy. DESIGN: A prospective interventional study. SUBJECTS: Eleven women with the ultrasound diagnosis of interstitial ectopic pregnancy. METHODS: Women with suspected early pregnancy complications were examined by transvaginal ultrasound. Those with the diagnosis of interstitial pregnancy were offered non-surgical treatment with methotrexate, which was administered systemically or by local injection. Follow-up with regular measurements of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and ultrasound scans continued until the pregnancy had resolved completely. RESULTS: Ten women were managed non-surgically, and one woman opted for surgery. Five women received systemic and five local methotrexate. Local therapy was successful in all five cases (100%), whereas four out of five (80%) women receiving systemic methotrexate were cured. Significant side-effects were noted in two women following systemic therapy. In comparison, there were no side-effects in the group of women who received local therapy. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in the length of time taken for the pregnancy to resolve. CONCLUSIONS: Non-surgical treatment of interstitial pregnancy with methotrexate appears to be safe and effective. Local administration appears to be more successful and better tolerated by patients and may be used as the first-line therapy. (+info)Combined treatment modality for intracranial germinomas: results of a multicentre SFOP experience. Societe Francaise d'Oncologie Pediatrique. (2/497)
Conventional therapy for intracranial germinomas is craniospinal irradiation. In 1990, the Societe Francaise d'Oncologie Pediatrique initiated a study combining chemotherapy (alternating courses of etoposide-carboplatin and etoposide-ifosfamide for a recommended total of four courses) with 40 Gy local irradiation for patients with localized germinomas. Metastatic patients were allocated to receive low-dose craniospinal radiotherapy. Fifty-seven patients were enrolled between 1990 and 1996. Forty-seven had biopsy-proven germinoma. Biopsy was not performed in ten patients (four had diagnostic tumour markers and in six the neurosurgeon felt biopsy was contraindicated). Fifty-one patients had localized disease, and six leptomeningeal dissemination. Seven patients had bifocal tumour. All but one patient received at least four courses of chemotherapy. Toxicity was mainly haematological. Patients with diabetus insipidus (n = 25) commonly developed electrolyte disturbances during chemotherapy. No patient developed tumour progression during chemotherapy. Fifty patients received local radiotherapy with a median dose of 40 Gy to the initial tumour volume. Six metastatic patients, and one patient with localized disease who stopped chemotherapy due to severe toxicity, received craniospinal radiotherapy. The median follow-up for the group was 42 months. Four patients relapsed 9, 10, 38 and 57 months after diagnosis. Three achieved second complete remission following salvage treatment with chemotherapy alone or chemo-radiotherapy. The estimated 3-year survival probability is 98% (CI: 86.6-99.7%) and the estimated 3-year event-free survival is 96.4% (CI: 86.2-99.1%). This study shows that excellent survival rates can be achieved by combining chemotherapy and local radiotherapy in patients with non-metastatic intracranial germinomas. (+info)Hyperreactio luteinalis associated with chronic renal failure. (3/497)
Hyperreactio luteinalis is a rare benign condition characterized by bilateral ovarian enlargement associated with pregnancies where high concentrations of maternal serum human chorionic gonadotrophins are present. This condition may mimic the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. We report a case of a 34 year old woman with a history of chronic renal failure on haemodialysis who presented at 10 weeks' gestational age with hyperreactio luteinalis which was treated conservatively. Because of chronic renal failure, the presentation and course of the disease was different from that which has been previously reported. (+info)Characterization of human placental explants: morphological, biochemical and physiological studies using first and third trimester placenta. (4/497)
The primary objective of this study was to characterize an in-vitro model of the human placenta using morphological, biochemical and physiological parameters. Placental villi were obtained from normal first trimester and term pregnancies. The villi were incubated with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium: Ham's F12 nutrient mixture in a shaking water bath at 37 degrees C for up to 310 min. The viability was determined by the production of beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and the incorporation of [3H]thymidine, [3H]L-leucine and L-[U14C]arginine, while ultrastructure was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. In the first and third trimester group, the release into the medium of the intracellular enzyme LDH remained unaltered throughout the experiment. By contrast, beta-HCG concentrations increased linearly and concentrations were higher in the first trimester than term villi (354.5 +/- 37.8 versus 107 +/- 8.1 IU/g villi protein; P < 0.001). Electron microscopy confirmed preservation of tissue viability for up to 4 h of incubation. The incorporation of thymidine (12.2 +/- 2.9 versus 5.2 +/- 0.5 nmol/g villi protein; P < 0.05), leucine (9.4 +/- 2.1 versus 1.9 +/- 0.4 nmol/g villi protein; P < 0.02) and arginine (17 +/- 4.4 versus 4.2 +/- 0.5 nmol/g villi protein; P < 0.05) were markedly higher in early than in term placenta. Furthermore, placental uptake of L-leucine by the first (9.4 +/- 2.1 versus 17 + 4.4 mol/g villi protein; P < 0.001) and third trimester placental villi (1.9 +/- 0.4 versus 4.2 + 0.5 mol/g villi protein; P < 0.001) was less than that of L-arginine. This study describes a simple technique using placental explants to determine relative rates of uptake of substrate amino acids throughout gestation. (+info)Cross-reaction with luteinizing hormone beta-core is responsible for the age-dependent increase of immunoreactive beta-core fragment of human chorionic gonadotropin in women with nonmalignant conditions. (5/497)
BACKGROUND: The beta-core fragment of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGbetacf), also termed "beta-core" and urinary gonadotropin peptide (UGP), has been reported to be present in the urine of healthy women and to increase in concentration after menopause. This could reflect cross-reaction with the equivalent metabolite of luteinizing hormone (LH), the beta-LH-core. METHODS: We measured immunoreactive LH, hCG, free alpha-subunit, and free beta-subunit hCG (hCGbeta), as well as beta-core, using the S504 RIA and Triton UGP enzyme immunoassay in 274 urine samples from women with nonmalignant gynecological conditions. The molar cross-reaction of each assay with purified beta-LH-core was determined. RESULTS: Cross-reaction with beta-LH-core was 100% in the LH and the S504 beta-core assay, 5% in the Triton UGP assay, and <0.1% in the hCG, free alpha-subunit, and free hCGbeta assays. Median urine concentrations of all analytes showed an age-dependent increase. LH and free alpha-subunit concentrations were approximately 10(3) pmol/mol creatinine; hCG and S504 beta-core were approximately 10(2) pmol/mol creatinine; free hCGbeta and Triton UGP beta-core were in the tens of pmol/mol creatinine. The S504 beta-core concentrations were 10% of those of LH. S504 beta-core was strongly correlated with LH, but not with hCG or with free hCGbeta (LH, r2 = 0.45; hCG, r2 = 0.26; free hCGbeta, r2 = 0.03). The concentrations of beta-core detected by the Triton UGP assay, which has a 5% cross-reaction with beta-LH-core, were 2% of LH and 5% of the S504 beta-core concentrations. Triton UGP values correlated strongly with LH concentrations, but less well with S504 beta-core, intact hCG, and free hCGbeta (LH, r2 = 0.44; S504 beta-core, r2 = 0.33; hCG, r2 = 0.32; free hCGbeta, r2 = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: Immunoreactive beta-core in women free of malignancies reflects cross-reaction with concentrations of the metabolite of LH, beta-LH-core, within the health-related reference interval. (+info)Perinatal outcome in pregnancies with a positive serum screening for Down's syndrome due to elevated levels of free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. (6/497)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential clinical use of maternal serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and uterine artery Doppler investigation to screen for placenta-related adverse outcome in pregnancies at positive risk for Down's syndrome at 15-18 weeks. DESIGN: A cohort of 329 consecutive pregnant women with a singleton viable pregnancy and a positive risk for Down's syndrome was retrospectively investigated. This group was obtained from an unselected population of 3952 women attending the same hospital over a 2-year period. Using the results of this first analysis, we selected a group of 26 women with unexplained high levels of free beta-hCG and followed them prospectively with monthly ultrasound and uterine artery Doppler examinations. RESULTS: In the retrospective cohort, risk ratios stratified for maternal serum beta-hCG multiple of the median (MoM) values indicated that the highest incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome was in those women with values of > or = 5.0. In the prospective study, pregnancy outcome was complicated by uteroplacental disorders in eight cases. Analysis of the Doppler investigation indicated that, in women with a very high level of hCG, an abnormally high uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) had lower sensitivity and negative predictive value than early diastolic notch, whereas the specificity and positive predictive value were higher for a high uterine artery PI. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest an association between a high level of maternal serum beta-hCG at 15-18 weeks, the presence of an early diastolic notch in the uterine artery flow velocity waveform and adverse pregnancy outcome due to abnormal development of the uteroplacental circulation. Young women with an unexplained high beta-hCG level would benefit, apart from detailed sonography of the fetus and/or karyotyping, from uterine Doppler investigation and counselling about the follow-up and management of placenta-related pregnancy disorders. (+info)Arteriovenous malformation of mesosalpinx associated with a 'vanishing' ectopic pregnancy: diagnosis with three-dimensional color power angiography. (7/497)
We describe two cases of pelvic arteriovenous malformation diagnosed with the aid of three-dimensional color power angiography. In both cases, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) increased to significant levels (8413 and 1560 mIU/ml, respectively); however, neither an intrauterine nor an adnexal gestational sac could be found. In each case, we observed an adnexal mass with several tortuous areas exhibiting abundant turbulent flow. The diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation was made and further assessment by three-dimensional color power angiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out. The complex vascular anatomy of arteriovenous malformation, including its feeding vessels and drainage, was clearly depicted by three-dimensional color power angiography and correlated well with magnetic resonance angiography. Levels of beta-hCG decreased in subsequent tests, and eventually became negative 2-3 months later without and intervention. We believe that an involutional ectopic pregnancy induced the rapid growth of the arteriovenous malformations within the mesosalpinx. Three-dimensional color power angiography can be performed quickly and easily, using existing ultrasound equipment. It improves our understanding of complicated vasculature, and thus is a useful adjunct to two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation. (+info)Cervical pregnancy--a conservative stepwise approach. (8/497)
A case of cervical pregnancy resistant to intramuscular methotrexate therapy is presented, which was successfully treated by intra-arterial methotrexate followed by selective prophylactic hypogastric artery embolization to avoid aggravating the vaginal bleeding. It is suggested that, in cervical pregnancies in which fertility preservation is desired, a stepwise conservative approach should be applied before resorting to surgical intervention. (+info)'Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human' is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the placenta during pregnancy, consisting of 145 amino acids, and its measurement in blood or urine is used as an indicator of pregnancy and to monitor certain medical conditions.
Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human (β-hCG) is a protein that is produced by the placenta during pregnancy. It is a component of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is a hormone that is composed of two subunits: alpha and beta. The β-hCG subunit is specific to hCG and is not found in other hormones, making it a useful marker for pregnancy and certain medical conditions.
During early pregnancy, the levels of β-hCG increase rapidly and can be detected in the blood and urine. This has led to the development of pregnancy tests that detect the presence of β-hCG to confirm pregnancy. In addition to its role in pregnancy, β-hCG is also used as a tumor marker for certain types of cancer, such as germ cell tumors and choriocarcinoma.
Elevated levels of β-hCG may indicate the presence of a molar pregnancy, a condition in which a fertilized egg implants in the uterus but does not develop properly. In some cases, a molar pregnancy can become cancerous and require treatment. Therefore, monitoring β-hCG levels during pregnancy is important for detecting any potential complications.
Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy, first secreted around six days after fertilization, which maintains the corpus luteum and progesterone production for the early development of the embryo.
Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that is produced during pregnancy. It is produced by the placenta after implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterus. The main function of hCG is to prevent the disintegration of the corpus luteum, which is a temporary endocrine structure that forms in the ovary after ovulation and produces progesterone during early pregnancy. Progesterone is essential for maintaining the lining of the uterus and supporting the pregnancy.
hCG can be detected in the blood or urine as early as 10 days after conception, and its levels continue to rise throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. In addition to its role in maintaining pregnancy, hCG is also used as a clinical marker for pregnancy and to monitor certain medical conditions such as gestational trophoblastic diseases.
Choriocarcinoma is a rapidly growing and invasive gestational trophoblastic neoplasm, primarily composed of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts, which can metastasize early and secrete human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), often arising from molar pregnancies or less commonly from non-molar pregnancies.
Choriocarcinoma is a rapidly growing and invasive type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), which are abnormal growths that develop in the tissues that are supposed to become the placenta during pregnancy. It occurs when a malignant tumor develops from trophoblast cells, which are normally found in the developing embryo and help to form the placenta.
Choriocarcinoma can occur after any type of pregnancy, including normal pregnancies, molar pregnancies (a rare mass that forms inside the uterus after conception), or ectopic pregnancies (when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus). It is characterized by the presence of both trophoblastic and cancerous cells, which can produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone.
Choriocarcinoma can spread quickly to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, liver, brain, or vagina, through the bloodstream. It is important to diagnose and treat choriocarcinoma early to prevent serious complications and improve the chances of a successful treatment outcome. Treatment typically involves surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.
Disulfides are chemical compounds formed by the oxidation of two sulfhydryl groups (SH) to a disulfide bond (-S-S-), often found in the structure of proteins and responsible for maintaining their tertiary or quaternary conformation.
Disulfides are a type of organic compound that contains a sulfur-sulfur bond. In the context of biochemistry and medicine, disulfide bonds are often found in proteins, where they play a crucial role in maintaining their three-dimensional structure and function. These bonds form when two sulfhydryl groups (-SH) on cysteine residues within a protein molecule react with each other, releasing a molecule of water and creating a disulfide bond (-S-S-) between the two cysteines. Disulfide bonds can be reduced back to sulfhydryl groups by various reducing agents, which is an important process in many biological reactions. The formation and reduction of disulfide bonds are critical for the proper folding, stability, and activity of many proteins, including those involved in various physiological processes and diseases.
The alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones is a common polypeptide chain that forms the initial part of the structural makeup of several pituitary hormones including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), playing a crucial role in their biological activity.
Glycoprotein hormones are a group of hormones that share a similar structure and are made up of four subunits: two identical alpha subunits and two distinct beta subunits. The alpha subunit is common to all glycoprotein hormones, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
The alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones is a 92 amino acid polypeptide chain that contains several disulfide bonds, which help to stabilize its structure. It is heavily glycosylated, meaning that it contains many carbohydrate groups attached to the protein backbone. The alpha subunit plays an important role in the biological activity of the hormone by interacting with a specific receptor on the target cell surface.
The alpha subunit contains several regions that are important for its function, including a signal peptide, a variable region, and a conserved region. The signal peptide is a short sequence of amino acids at the N-terminus of the protein that directs it to the endoplasmic reticulum for processing and secretion. The variable region contains several amino acid residues that differ between different glycoprotein hormones, while the conserved region contains amino acids that are identical or very similar in all glycoprotein hormones.
Together with the beta subunit, the alpha subunit forms the functional hormone molecule. The beta subunit determines the specificity of the hormone for its target cells and regulates its biological activity.
Peptide fragments are short chain of amino acids that result from the breakdown or cleavage of larger peptides or proteins, which can be used in various diagnostic tests and research applications to identify the original protein or study its structure and function.
A peptide fragment is a short chain of amino acids that is derived from a larger peptide or protein through various biological or chemical processes. These fragments can result from the natural breakdown of proteins in the body during regular physiological processes, such as digestion, or they can be produced experimentally in a laboratory setting for research or therapeutic purposes.
Peptide fragments are often used in research to map the structure and function of larger peptides and proteins, as well as to study their interactions with other molecules. In some cases, peptide fragments may also have biological activity of their own and can be developed into drugs or diagnostic tools. For example, certain peptide fragments derived from hormones or neurotransmitters may bind to receptors in the body and mimic or block the effects of the full-length molecule.
Gonadotropins are hormones produced by the pituitary gland, specifically LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), that regulate the reproductive system by controlling gamete production and sex steroid hormone synthesis.
Gonadotropins are hormones that stimulate the gonads (sex glands) to produce sex steroids and gametes (sex cells). In humans, there are two main types of gonadotropins: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are produced and released by the anterior pituitary gland.
FSH plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males. LH triggers ovulation in females, causing the release of a mature egg from the ovary, and stimulates testosterone production in males.
Gonadotropins are often used in medical treatments to stimulate the gonads, such as in infertility therapies where FSH and LH are administered to induce ovulation or increase sperm production.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone production in males.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a glycoprotein hormone, which is primarily produced and released by the anterior pituitary gland. In women, a surge of LH triggers ovulation, the release of an egg from the ovaries during the menstrual cycle. During pregnancy, LH stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone. In men, LH stimulates the testes to produce testosterone. It plays a crucial role in sexual development, reproduction, and maintaining the reproductive system.
LH receptors (LHRs) are transmembrane proteins located primarily in the ovarian granulosa cells and testicular Leydig cells, which bind to luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), activating intracellular signaling pathways that regulate steroidogenesis and gonadal functions, including gamete production and release.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) receptors are specialized protein structures found on the surface of certain cells in the body. They play a crucial role in the endocrine system by binding to specific hormones, such as Luteinizing Hormone, and triggering a series of intracellular events that ultimately lead to changes in cell function.
In particular, LH receptors are found on the cells of the ovaries and testes. In females, when LH binds to its receptor in the ovary, it stimulates ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. In males, LH (also known as Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone in this context) binding to its receptor on testicular Leydig cells triggers the production of testosterone.
Therefore, LH receptors are essential for reproductive processes and the maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics.
Equine Gonadotropins are naturally occurring hormones (consisting of equine FSH and LH) derived from the urine of pregnant mares, used in reproductive medicine to stimulate gonadal function and treat certain fertility disorders in humans.
Equine Gonadotropins are glycoprotein hormones derived from the pituitary gland of horses. They consist of two subunits: a common alpha subunit and a unique beta subunit that determines the biological activity of each hormone. There are two main types of equine gonadotropins: Equine Follicle Stimulating Hormone (eFSH) and Equine Luteinizing Hormone (eLH).
eFSH plays a crucial role in the growth and development of ovarian follicles in females, while eLH stimulates ovulation and the production of sex steroids in both males and females. These hormones are often used in veterinary medicine to induce ovulation and improve fertility in horses, as well as in research to study the physiology and biochemistry of gonadotropins and reproduction. It's important to note that equine gonadotropins have limited application in human reproductive medicine due to potential immunogenic reactions and other safety concerns.
Gonadotropin receptors are specialized protein structures found on the surface of certain cells, primarily in the gonads (ovaries and testes), which bind to gonadotropin hormones (FSH and LH) secreted by the pituitary gland, thereby activating intracellular signaling pathways that regulate various reproductive functions, such as gamete production and steroid hormone synthesis.
Gonadotropin receptors are specialized protein molecules found on the surface of certain cells in the body. They play a crucial role in regulating the functions of the reproductive system.
More specifically, gonadotropin receptors are found on the surface of cells in the gonads (ovaries and testes) and respond to two hormones produced by the pituitary gland: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These hormones are called gonadotropins because they stimulate the gonads.
When FSH or LH binds to its specific receptor on the target cell, it triggers a series of intracellular signals that ultimately lead to various physiological responses. For example, in the ovaries, FSH binds to its receptor on granulosa cells and stimulates the production of estrogen, which is essential for follicle development and ovulation. LH, on the other hand, binds to its receptor on theca cells and granulosa cells, triggering the final stages of follicle development and ovulation, as well as the production of progesterone, which supports pregnancy.
In the testes, FSH binds to its receptor on Sertoli cells and stimulates spermatogenesis (the production of sperm), while LH binds to its receptor on Leydig cells and stimulates the production of testosterone, which is necessary for male sexual development and function.
Abnormalities in gonadotropin receptors have been linked to various reproductive disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and precocious puberty.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland, responsible for stimulating growth and maturation of follicles in female ovaries and spermatogenesis in male testes.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein hormone secreted and released by the anterior pituitary gland. In females, it promotes the growth and development of ovarian follicles in the ovary, which ultimately leads to the maturation and release of an egg (ovulation). In males, FSH stimulates the testes to produce sperm. It works in conjunction with luteinizing hormone (LH) to regulate reproductive processes. The secretion of FSH is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and its release is influenced by the levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), estrogen, inhibin, and androgens.
Gonadotropins, pituitary, refer to glycoprotein hormones produced and released by the anterior pituitary gland, specifically follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which regulate the reproductive system through controlling gamete production and sex steroid hormone synthesis.
Gonadotropins are hormones produced and released by the anterior pituitary gland, a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating reproduction and sexual development. There are two main types of gonadotropins:
1. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): FSH is essential for the growth and development of follicles in the ovaries (in females) or sperm production in the testes (in males). In females, FSH stimulates the maturation of eggs within the follicles.
2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH): LH triggers ovulation in females, causing the release of a mature egg from the dominant follicle. In males, LH stimulates the production and secretion of testosterone in the testes.
Together, FSH and LH work synergistically to regulate various aspects of reproductive function and sexual development. Their secretion is controlled by the hypothalamus, which releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to stimulate the production and release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland.
Abnormal levels of gonadotropins can lead to various reproductive disorders, such as infertility or menstrual irregularities in females and issues related to sexual development or function in both sexes. In some cases, synthetic forms of gonadotropins may be used clinically to treat these conditions or for assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide
"The amino acid sequence of human chorionic gonadotropin. The alpha subunit and beta subunit". The Journal of Biological ... Bellisario R, Carlsen RB, Bahl OP (Oct 1973). "Human chorionic gonadotropin. Linear amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit". ... The gonadotropin hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ... cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for the alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin". Nature. 281 (5730): 351-6. ...
Chorionic gonadotropin beta
... chorionic gonadotropin". Fiddes JC, Goodman HM (August 1980). "The cDNA for the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin ... Choriogonadotropin subunit beta (CG-beta) also known as chorionic gonadotrophin chain beta is a protein that in humans is ... This gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta 3 subunit of chorionic gonadotropin ( ... "The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin is encoded by multiple genes". J. Biol. Chem. 258 (19): 11492-9. doi:10.1016/ ...
CGB2 (gene)
"The human genome contains seven genes for the beta-subunit of chorionic gonadotropin but only one gene for the beta-subunit of ... Policastro P, Ovitt CE, Hoshina M, Fukuoka H, Boothby MR, Boime I (Nov 1983). "The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin ... Talmadge K, Vamvakopoulos NC, Fiddes JC (1984). "Evolution of the genes for the beta subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin ... 1984). "The beta chorionic gonadotropin-beta luteinizing gene cluster maps to human chromosome 19". Hum. Genet. 67 (2): 174-177 ...
Gestational trophoblastic disease
But GTD also leads to elevated serum hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin hormone). Since pregnancy is by far the most common ... the beta subunit of hCG (beta hCG) is also always elevated. Therefore, if GTD is clinically suspected, serum beta hCG is also ... This tissue may grow at the same rate as a normal pregnancy, and produces chorionic gonadotropin, a hormone which is measured ... Walkington L, Webster J, Hancock BW, Everard J, Coleman RE (May 2011). "Hyperthyroidism and human chorionic gonadotrophin ...
CGB1
"The human genome contains seven genes for the beta-subunit of chorionic gonadotropin but only one gene for the beta-subunit of ... Jameson JL, Lindell CM (1989). "Isolation and characterization of the human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (CG beta) gene ... Policastro P, Ovitt CE, Hoshina M, Fukuoka H, Boothby MR, Boime I (Nov 1983). "The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin ... 1985). "Only three of the seven human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit genes can be expressed in the placenta". Nucleic ...
Luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide
Talmadge K, Vamvakopoulos NC, Fiddes JC (1984). "Evolution of the genes for the beta subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin ... 1994). "Eutopic production of human chorionic gonadotropin beta (hCG beta) and luteinizing hormone beta (hLH beta) in the human ... "Evolution of different transcriptional start sites in the human luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit ... In equids the beta subunit polypeptides of luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin are identical in sequence, differing ...
FSHB
Follitropin subunit beta also known as follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit (FSH-B) is a protein that in humans is encoded ... chorionic gonadotropin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. All of these glycoproteins consist of an identical alpha subunit and a ... The FSHB gene in human DNA encodes the follicle-stimulating hormone subunit beta protein (FSH-B), or Follitropin Beta. More ... of human FSH isoforms reveals a nonglycosylated beta-subunit in addition to the conventional glycosylated beta-subunit". J. ...
CGB5
... monophosphate responsiveness of the human chorionic gonadotropin-beta subunit gene". Molecular Endocrinology. 17 (1): 11-26. ... This gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta 5 subunit of chorionic gonadotropin ( ... Chorionic gonadotropin, beta polypeptide 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CGB5 gene. ... "No evidence of the human chorionic gonadotropin-beta gene 5 betaV79M polymorphism in Mexican women". Endocrine. 34 (1-3): 117- ...
Immunocontraception
... beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin linked to tetanus toxoid". Fertil Steril. 34 (4): 328-35. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282( ... "Beta human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations in serum of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma". Gut. 42 (1): 88-91. doi: ... neuroendocrine tumors exclusively produce human chorionic gonadotropin a-subunit (hCGa)". Hum Pathol. 31 (8): 966-972. doi: ... "A novel human cancer vaccine elicits cellular responses to the tumor-associated antigen, human chorionic gonadotropin b". Clin ...
CGB7
"The human genome contains seven genes for the beta-subunit of chorionic gonadotropin but only one gene for the beta-subunit of ... 1990). "Role of disulfide bond formation in the folding of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit into an alpha beta dimer ... Jameson JL, Lindell CM (1989). "Isolation and characterization of the human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (CG beta) gene ... "The amino acid sequence of human chorionic gonadotropin. The alpha subunit and beta subunit". J. Biol. Chem. 250 (13): 5247-58 ...
Luteinizing hormone
... and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The protein dimer contains 2 glycopeptidic subunits (labeled alpha- and beta- subunits ... "Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin, human interstitial cell stimulating hormone and human follicle-stimulating hormone on ... This beta subunit contains an amino acid sequence that exhibits large homologies with that of the beta subunit of hCG and both ... The beta subunits vary. LH has a beta subunit of 120 amino acids (LHB) that confers its specific biologic action and is ...
Pregnancy test
... look for the presence of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in blood or urine. For a qualitative test the ... Lenton, E. A.; Neal, L. M.; Sulaiman, R. (June 1982). "Plasma concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin from the time of ... The two primary methods are testing for the female pregnancy hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) in blood or urine ... Identified in the early 20th century, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone that rises quickly in the ...
Ray Iles
"Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) in the Secretome of Cultured Embryos: Hyperglycosylated hCG and hCG-Free Beta Subunit Are ... Cole, Laurence A.; Butler, Stephen A. (17 February 2020). 100 Years of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin: Reviews and New ...
Follicle-stimulating hormone
... and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The alpha subunits of the glycoproteins LH, FSH, TSH, and hCG are identical and consist ... while the beta subunits vary. Both subunits are required for biological activity. FSH has a beta subunit of 111 amino acids ( ... "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulation of gonadotropin subunit gene expression in female rats: actions on follicle- ... In humans, the gene for the alpha subunit is located at cytogenetic location 6q14.3. It is expressed in two cell types, most ...
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
... the alpha and the beta subunit. The α (alpha) subunit (i.e., chorionic gonadotropin alpha) is nearly identical to that of human ... The β (beta) subunit (TSHB) is unique to TSH, and therefore determines its receptor specificity. The β chain has a 118-amino ... chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The α subunit is thought to be ... receptor and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase RII beta regulatory subunit confers TSH-cAMP-dependent growth to mouse ...
Tonix Pharmaceuticals
... domain of the beta subunit of the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) fused to a protein. The following month Tonix began a ... The data showed that TNX-1500 showed activity in preventing organ transplant rejection and was well-tolerated in non-human ... In March 2021, Tonix reported positive COVID-19 vaccine efficacy results in non-human primates vaccinated with TNX-1800 and ... The data also showed that TNX-1500 monotherapy consistently and safely prevented pathologic alloimmunity in non-human promate ...
List of MeSH codes (D06)
... chorionic gonadotropin MeSH D06.472.699.649.367.125 - chorionic gonadotropin, beta subunit, human MeSH D06.472.699.649.367.562 ... chorionic gonadotropin MeSH D06.472.351.326.125 - chorionic gonadotropin, beta subunit, human MeSH D06.472.351.326.562 - ... chorionic gonadotropin MeSH D06.472.759.367.125 - chorionic gonadotropin, beta subunit, human MeSH D06.472.759.367.562 - ... beta subunit MeSH D06.472.699.631.525.343.288.625 - follicle stimulating hormone, human MeSH D06.472.699.631.525.343.288.750 - ...
List of MeSH codes (D23)
... chorionic gonadotropin, beta subunit, human MeSH D23.101.840.375 - hormones, ectopic MeSH D23.101.840.400 - ki-67 antigen MeSH ... human platelet MeSH D23.050.705.230 - blood group antigens MeSH D23.050.705.230.031 - abo blood-group system MeSH D23.050. ... transforming growth factor beta MeSH D23.348.479.996 - wnt proteins MeSH D23.348.479.996.500 - wnt1 protein MeSH D23.348. ... beta carotene MeSH D23.767.261.700 - retinoids MeSH D23.767.261.700.050 - acitretin MeSH D23.767.261.700.250 - etretinate MeSH ...
Giant-cell carcinoma of the lung
GCCL have been long known for secretion of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG), often in large amounts ... Yaturu S, Harrara E, Nopajaroonsri C, Singal R, Gill S (2003). "Gynecomastia attributable to a human chorionic gonadotropin- ... Dailey JE, Marcuse PM (August 1969). "Gonadotropin secreting giant cell carcinoma of the lung". Cancer. 24 (2): 388-96. doi: ... "A novel combination of K-ras and myc amplification accompanied by point mutational activation of K-ras in a human lung cancer ...
Human chorionic gonadotropin
"Evidence for the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and free beta-subunit of hCG in the human pituitary". The ... beta) subunit that is unique to hCG. The α (alpha) subunit is 92 amino acids long. The β-subunit of hCG gonadotropin (beta-hCG ... "Fusing the carboxy-terminal peptide of the chorionic gonadotropin (CG) beta-subunit to the common alpha-subunit: retention of O ... Beta-hCG is initially secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast.[citation needed] Human chorionic gonadotropin is a glycoprotein ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.644)
... chorionic gonadotropin MeSH D12.644.548.726.367.125 - chorionic gonadotropin, beta subunit, human MeSH D12.644.548.726.367.562 ... gtp-binding protein beta subunits MeSH D12.644.360.375.730 - gtp-binding protein gamma subunits MeSH D12.644.360.375.940 - ... beta subunit MeSH D12.644.548.691.525.343.288.750 - glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit MeSH D12.644.548.691.525.343.463 - ... alpha subunit MeSH D12.644.548.691.525.883.500 - thyrotropin, beta subunit MeSH D12.644.548.691.692 - pituitary hormones, ...
Gonadotropin
... and hence that synthesis of alpha and beta is independently regulated. Another human gonadotropin is human chorionic ... These subunits are heavily modified by glycosylation. The alpha subunit is common to each protein dimer (well conserved within ... the placental/chorionic gonadotropins, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), as well as ... Laurence A. Cole (21 September 2010). Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG). Elsevier. pp. 205-. ISBN 978-0-12-384908-3. Basaria S ...
Fertile eunuch syndrome
Testicular effects of isolated luteinizing hormone deficiency and reversal by long-term human chorionic gonadotropin treatment ... Hypogonadism caused by a single amino acid substitution in the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone N Engl J Med. 1992; 326(3): ... Hypogonadism in a patient with a mutation in the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit gene. N Engl J Med. 2004; 351(25):2619-25. ... full functional compensation through the administration of chorionic gonadotropin hormone, while hCG is administered (d) total ...
Sp4 transcription factor
"Regulation of expression of the chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptor gene in the human myometrium: involvement ... Lerner LE, Gribanova YE, Whitaker L, Knox BE, Farber DB (July 2002). "The rod cGMP-phosphodiesterase beta-subunit promoter is a ... "Association of the Asn306Ser variant of the SP4 transcription factor and an intronic variant in the beta-subunit of transducin ... "Nrl and Sp nuclear proteins mediate transcription of rod-specific cGMP-phosphodiesterase beta-subunit gene: involvement of ...
Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal
Follicle-stimulating hormone Human chorionic gonadotropin Bonnet macaque Folliculogenesis India portal Medicine portal His ... "Passive immunization with an antibody to the beta-subunit of ovine luteinizing hormone as a method of early abortion-a ... He was a member of the task force of the World Health Organization for research in human reproduction for a number of years, ... He was known for his pioneering researches on gonadotropin and was an elected fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences and the ...
Amyloid-beta precursor protein
"The pregnancy hormones human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone induce human embryonic stem cell proliferation and ... gamma secretase is a large multi-subunit complex whose components have not yet been fully characterized, but include presenilin ... "Amyloid-beta precursor protein expression and modulation in human embryonic stem cells: a novel role for human chorionic ... The pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) increases AβPP expression and hESC proliferation while progesterone ...
Index of biochemistry articles
... chorionic gonadotropin - chromatid - chromatin - ciclosporin - chromatography - chromosomal crossover - chromosome - chromosome ... beta-2 microglobulin - beta adrenergic receptor - beta sheet - beta-1 adrenergic receptor - beta-2 adrenergic receptor - beta- ... protein subunit - protein synthesis - protein targeting - protein translocation - protein-tyrosine kinase - protein-tyrosine- ... Human Genome Project - hybridization - hydrocarbon - hydrogen - hydrogen bond - hydrogenation - hydrogen-deuterium exchange - ...
Human beta Subunit Chorionic Gonadotropin
Summary | CureHunter Mobile
Human; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Chain, Human; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Polypeptide, Human; HCG, beta Subunit; HCG beta ... Human beta Subunit Chorionic Gonadotropin Summary Description: The beta subunit of human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Its structure ... alpha Subunit Glycoprotein Hormones Show All ,, Therapies Related to Human beta Subunit Chorionic Gonadotropin. * Drug Therapy ... Key Diseases for which Human beta Subunit Chorionic Gonadotropin is Relevant. * Neoplasms (Cancer) : 5 outcomes 17 studies in ...
Serum Tumor Markers | AAFP
... beta-hCG) is an integral part of the diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease. Combined AFP and beta-hCG ... AFP and beta-hCG also may be useful in evaluating potential origins of poorly differentiated metastatic cancer. PSA is used to ... Testing for the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin ( ... Testing for the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β ... The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) normally is produced by the placenta. Elevated β-hCG levels most ...
Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide - Wikipedia
"The amino acid sequence of human chorionic gonadotropin. The alpha subunit and beta subunit". The Journal of Biological ... Bellisario R, Carlsen RB, Bahl OP (Oct 1973). "Human chorionic gonadotropin. Linear amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit". ... The gonadotropin hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ... cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for the alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin". Nature. 281 (5730): 351-6. ...
Factors affecting cell-free DNA fetal fraction and the consequences for test accuracy
Pregnancy Diagnosis: Overview, History and Physical Examination, Laboratory Evaluation
The most commonly used assays are for the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Other hormones that have been ... Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. hCG is a glycoprotein similar in structure to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ... alpha or beta subunit, and degraded form, or beta core fragment. Intact and free beta subunit are initially the predominant ... Dart RG, Kaplan B, Cox C. Transvaginal ultrasound in patients with low beta-human chorionic gonadotropin values: how often is ...
References - US SPR | CDC
Disappearance of human chorionic gonadotropin and its alpha- and beta-subunits after term pregnancy. Clin Chem 1997;43:2155-63 ... Human chorionic gonadotropin in maternal plasma after induced abortion, spontaneous abortion, and removed ectopic pregnancy. ... Human chorionic gonadotropin tests. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009;9:721-47. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1586/erm. 09. 51 PubMed ... Reyes FI, Winter JS, Faiman C. Postpartum disappearance of chorionic gonadotropin from the maternal and neonatal circulations. ...
Pregnyl: Package Insert - Drugs.com
Chorionic gonadotropin is a purified preparation composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha subunit is essentially ... Chorionic gonadotropin, a gonadotropin, is a polypeptide hormone produced by the human placenta and obtained from the urine of ... Human chorionic gonadotropins can crossreact in the radioimmunoassay of gonadotropins, especially luteinizing hormone. Each ... The beta subunits of these hormones differ in amino acid sequence.. PREGNYL® (chorionic gonadotropin) for injection is a ...
Horionski gonadotropin alfa - Wikipedija / Википедија
The amino acid sequence of human chorionic gonadotropin. The alpha subunit and beta subunit.". J. Biol. Chem. 250 (13): 5247-58 ... Bellisario R, Carlsen RB, Bahl OP (1973). „Human chorionic gonadotropin. Linear amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit.". J. ... cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for the alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin.". Nature 281 (5730): 351-6. ... Harris DC, Machin KJ, Evin GM, et al. (1989). „Preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of human chorionic gonadotropin.". J. ...
Gynecology and Obstetrics - MSD Manual Professional Edition
The history of human chorionic gonadotropin - Institute of Biomedical Science
... the alpha sub unit structure is common to other gonadotropins, for example luteinising hormone, but the beta sub unit of 145 ... A radioimmunoassay for human chorionic gonadotrophin. Nature 1965; 205: 191-192. 15. Watson D. Urinary human chorionic ... hCG exists in multiple forms in serum; intact hCG, Free Beta subunit, Beta core fragment, nicked hCG and hyperglycosylated hCG ... A radioimmunoassay which specifically measures human chorionic gonadotrophin in the presence of human luteinising hormone. Am J ...
Pregnancy During and After Taking Oral Contraceptives GREAT RESOURCE
NHANES 2001-2002: Standard Biochemistry Profile, Follicle Stimulating Hormone & Luteinizing Hormone, Second Exam Data...
... human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin), consists of two noncovalently associated ... The alpha subunit of FSH contains 92 amino acids and is very similar to the alpha subunits of LH, hCG, and TSH. The beta ... Human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH, follitropin) is a glycoprotein of approximately 30,000 daltons which, like luteinizing ... The LH binds to the Anti-beta FSH Coated Microparticles forming an antibody-antigen complex. An aliquot of the reaction mixture ...
Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) - tumour hCG - South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
HCG is a glycoprotein hormone, comprising an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha subunit has a similar amino acid sequence to ... the beta-core fragment and the free beta sub-unit.. Oncology: hCG is useful in the detection and monitoring of hCG-producing ... The beta subunit of all these hormones differs greatly and is responsible for their respective specific hormone function. ... HCG exists in a number of biologically active iso-hormones including the intact hormone and the free beta subunit. Some assays ...
Effects on Cell Viability and on Apoptosis in Tumoral (MCF-7) and in Normal (MCF10A) Epithelial Breast Cells after Human...
"A Receptor Binding Site Identified in the Region 81-95 of the Beta-Subunit of Human Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Chorionic ... "Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and a 15 Amino Acid hCG Fragment of the Hormone Induce Downregulation of the Cytokine IL-8 ... Epithelial Breast Cells after Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Derivated-Angiotensin Peptides Treatments," Journal of Cancer ... Epithelial Breast Cells after Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Derivated-Angiotensin Peptides Treatments () ...
Tumor Markers: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) | myADLM.org
... and human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) in this March 2013 Pearl of Laboratory Medicine. ... Since tumor cells may only secrete free beta subunits of hCG, its important to measure total beta-hCG when there is a ... Slide 3: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is also a glycoprotein secreted by the ... and human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG).". Slide 2: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Alpha-fetoprotein or AFP is the major protein in ...
Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Peritoneal Cancer - Gynecology and Obstetrics - Merck Manuals Professional Edition
Gynecology and Obstetrics - MSD Manual Professional Edition
Diagnostic utility and correlation of tumor markers in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of children with intracranial germ...
Pediatric Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Prognosis
Cloning and Sequencing of Feline Thyrotropin (fTSH): Heterodimeric and Yoked Constructs | Advanced Veterinary Medical Imaging
The genes encoding the mature common glycoprotein alpha (CGA) and hormone-specific beta subunits of feline thyroid stimulating ... of human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit as a linker peptide. The resulting single-chain analogue encoded from N-terminus ... The genes encoding the mature common glycoprotein alpha (CGA) and hormone-specific beta subunits of feline thyroid stimulating ... developed by fusing the nucleotides encoding the C-terminus of the beta-subunit fused to the N-terminus of the alpha-subunit ...
September | 2016 | Fxr Agonists
A case of a thoracic duct cyst extending from the mediastinum to the cisterna chyli resected using bilateral thoracoscopic...
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Beta (b-hCG) Purified - Innovative Research
Purified from Innovative Research has been purified from human pregnancy urine. This is a lyophilized powder buffered in 50 mM ... Human Chorionic Gondatorpin (hCG) is a hormone that is produced by the placenta following implantation. The beta subunit of hCG ... Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Beta (b-hCG) Purified from Innovative Research has been purified from human pregnancy urine. This ... Product Inquiry for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Beta (b-hCG) Purified. Name. Email. Phone Number. Message. ...
Search Results | DrugBank Online
Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human). Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), a polypeptide hormone produced by the human placenta. ... Matched Description: … HCG is composed of an alpha and a beta sub-unit. ... Endogenously produced HCG interacts with the LHCG ... Chorionic Gonadotropin for Injection USP 10000IU/Vial and Sodium Chloride Injection ... PUBERGEN 5000IU (Chorionic Gonadotropin ... Matched Synonyms: … rAAV2/1 Hex alpha and beta ... Recombinant adeno-associated viral vector serotype 2/1 encoding human beta- ...
Human CGB1 ELISA Kit | biobool.com
Human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit 1 ELISA Kit;Human choriogonadotropin subunit beta variant 1 ELISA Kit;Human chorionic ... Inquiry About Human CGB1 ELISA Kit If you hope to order it or contact us directly, please contact us via [email protected]. We ... Intended UseHuman CGB1 ELISA Kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of CGB1 , concentrations in serum, Plasma ... Human CGB1 ELISA Kit Contact Us * Alternative name. ... Human Choriogonadotropin subunit beta variant 1 Protein ...
Pharos : Target Details - P01215
... are dimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits that are associated noncovalently. The alpha subunits of these hormones are ... The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha subunit and belongs to the glycoprotein hormones alpha chain family. Two ... The four human glycoprotein hormones chorionic gonadotropin (CG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH ... identical, however, their beta chains are unique and confer biological specificity. ...
Side Effects of Taking HCG Injections during Pregnancy
CELL SEARCH SYSTEM -CELL BANK- (RIKEN BRC) [RCB0490 : NEC14]
Development of human chorionic gonadotropin subunit-beta promoter-based toxic gene therapy for testicular cancer. Urology 2004 ... 249 Motoyama T, Watanabe H, Yamamoto T, Sekiguchi M. Production of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin by germ cell tumors in ... 1728 Motoyama T, Watanabe H, Yamamoto T, Sekiguchi M Human testicular germ cell tumors in vitro and in athymic nude mice. Acta ... 255 Motoyama T, Watanabe H, Yamamoto T, Sekiguchi M. Production of alpha-fetoprotein by human germ cell tumors in vivo and in ...
Hormone called human chorionic goPregnylConsisting of alpha and beta subunitsPlacentaHormonesChoronic gonadotropinGonadotrophinThyrotropinVilliSerumGlycoprotein hormoneTumor MarkerSpecificityIdenticalAmino acidsPolypeptide hormoneUrineThyroidEquineProteinTumorsHormonalDiagnosisAssaysCellsDiffersGeneGenesPhysiologicalAlpha and betaPregnancy hormoneFolliclePituitary glandReceptorDetectOvulationMoleculeFragmentPotentVivoAdverse reactionsFree betaUniqueSequence
Hormone called human chorionic go3
- All pregnancy tests measure the beta subunit of a placental hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). (wdxcyber.com)
- When a woman is pregnant, her placenta produces a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). (thehealthplace.in)
- Both tests detect the presence of beta subunit of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). (laboratorytests.org)
Pregnyl4
- PREGNYL ® (chorionic gonadotropin) for injection is a sterile, dried powder for intramuscular injection after reconstitution. (drugs.com)
- PREGNYL® (chorionic gonadotropin for injection, USP) is a highly purified pyrogen-free preparation obtained from the urine of pregnant females. (druglib.com)
- Pregnyl is a brand name for beta hCG - human chorionic gonadotropin - which is the human pregnancy hormone. (terasolartisans.com)
- What is Pregnyl ® (chorionic gonadotropin for injection USP)? (terasolartisans.com)
Consisting of alpha and beta subunits2
- The gonadotropin hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are heterodimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits (also called chains) that are associated non-covalently. (wikipedia.org)
- The four human glycoprotein hormones chorionic gonadotropin (CG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are dimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits that are associated noncovalently. (nih.gov)
Placenta8
- Chorionic gonadotropin, a gonadotropin, is a polypeptide hormone produced by the human placenta and obtained from the urine of pregnant persons. (drugs.com)
- Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is also a glycoprotein secreted by the syncytiotrophoblastic cells of the normal placenta. (aacc.org)
- Human Chorionic Gondatorpin (hCG) is a hormone that is produced by the placenta following implantation. (innov-research.com)
- Polypeptide hormone produced by the human placenta. (medscape.com)
- The 3 human pituitary glycoprotein hormones: luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyrotropin, and the placenta-derived chorionic gonadotropin, are closely related tropic hormones. (mayocliniclabs.com)
- Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), a polypeptide hormone produced by the human placenta, is composed of an alpha and a beta sub-unit. (druglib.com)
- Gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary or the placenta in horses. (jefferson.edu)
- Chorionic villi may be free or embedded within the DECIDUA forming the site for exchange of substances between fetal and maternal blood (PLACENTA). (definitions.net)
Hormones10
- Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CGA gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha subunit and belongs to the glycoprotein hormones alpha chain family. (wikipedia.org)
- The beta subunits of these hormones differ in amino acid sequence. (drugs.com)
- The beta subunit of all these hormones differs greatly and is responsible for their respective specific hormone function. (southtees.nhs.uk)
- HCG exists in a number of biologically active iso-hormones including the intact hormone and the free beta subunit. (southtees.nhs.uk)
- The alpha subunits of these hormones are identical, however, their beta chains are unique and confer biological specificity. (nih.gov)
- By contrast, all the different beta-subunits are transcribed from separate genes, show less homology, and convey the receptor specificity of the dimeric hormones. (mayocliniclabs.com)
- The human fetus is dependent upon endocrine development for hormones, which support normal development. (edu.au)
- Its structure is similar to that of the other glycoprotein hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). (aivdbiotech.com)
- Dirnhofer S, Freund M, Rogatsch H,Krabichler S, Berger P. Selective expression of trophoblastic hormones by lung carcinoma:neurendocrine tumors exclusively produce human chorionic gonadotropin alpha-subunit(hCGalpha). (journalofoncology.org)
Choronic gonadotropin1
- Unlike that in humans, the equine LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is identical to the equine choronic gonadotropin, beta. (jefferson.edu)
Gonadotrophin4
- Mouse anti Human chorionic gonadotrophin antibody, clone INN-hCG-22 ( MCA329 ) used for the detection of human choriogonadotrophin expressing cells in urothelium by immunofluorescence. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
- Human chorionic gonadotrophin is used to induce final oocyte maturation and to provide luteal phase support during IVF treatment. (terasolartisans.com)
- Monteiro JC, Ferguson KM, McKinnaJA, Greening WP, Neville AM. Ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotrophin-likematerial by breast cancer. (journalofoncology.org)
- First trimester maternal serum free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin and pregnancy associated plasma protein A as predictors of pregnancy complications. (seedmedicalpublishers.com)
Thyrotropin4
- Human pituitary thyrotropin. (wikipedia.org)
- The alpha subunit of hCG is similar to the alpha subunit of FSH, LH, and thyrotropin. (medscape.com)
- Molecular cloning of the human thyrotropin-beta subunit gene. (wikipedia.org)
- This report constitutes the first cloning and sequencing of the genes encoding the subunits of feline thyrotropin. (avmi.net)
Villi9
- It appears hydatidiform mole was recognised in ancient medicine but described in more detail by Madame Boivin in 1827, who recognised that the hydatids are grape-like cystic dilatations of the chorionic villi (7). (ibms.org)
- Secondary outcomes included tolerance of the entire procedure, the success rate of karyotyping using chorionic villi, and procedural safety (ie, any clinically significant complications). (bvsalud.org)
- What does chorionic villi mean? (definitions.net)
- This dictionary definitions page includes all the possible meanings, example usage and translations of the word chorionic villi . (definitions.net)
- Chorionic villi are villi that sprout from the chorion to provide maximal contact area with maternal blood. (definitions.net)
- Chorionic villi are villi that sprout from the chorion in order to give a maximum area of contact with the maternal blood. (definitions.net)
- How to pronounce chorionic villi? (definitions.net)
- How to say chorionic villi in sign language? (definitions.net)
- Are we missing a good definition for chorionic villi ? (definitions.net)
Serum4
- Intended Use Human CGB1 ELISA Kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of CGB1 , concentrations in serum, Plasma , tissue homogenates and Cell culture supernates and Other biological fluids. (biobool.com)
- Equine gonadotropins prepared from pregnant mare serum are used in reproductive studies. (jefferson.edu)
- Predicting the risk of pre-eclampsia between 11 and 13 weeks' gestation by combining maternal characteristics and serum analytes, PAPP-A and free beta-hCG. (seedmedicalpublishers.com)
- Prediction of pregnancy complications by first-trimester maternal serum PAPP-A and free beta-hCG and with second-trimester uterine artery Doppler. (seedmedicalpublishers.com)
Glycoprotein hormone2
- HCG is a glycoprotein hormone, comprising an alpha and a beta subunit. (southtees.nhs.uk)
- It is a glycoprotein hormone with alpha and beta subunits. (thehealthplace.in)
Tumor Marker1
- Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) is an important tumor marker for germ cell tumors. (journalofoncology.org)
Specificity1
- however, their beta chains are unique and confer biological specificity. (wikipedia.org)
Identical3
- The alpha subunit is essentially identical to the alpha subunits of the human pituitary gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well as to the alpha subunit of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). (drugs.com)
- The action of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is virtually identical to that of pituitary LH, although hCG appears to have a small degree of FSH activity as well. (drugs.com)
- It has an alpha subunit that is 92 amino acids long and identical to that of luteininzing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). (pharmabeast.is)
Amino acids1
- the alpha sub unit structure is common to other gonadotropins, for example luteinising hormone, but the beta sub unit of 145 amino acids is unique to hCG. (ibms.org)
Polypeptide hormone2
- Buy Ovidac 10000 iu online, Human chorionic gonadotropin also known as HCG which is a polypeptide hormone that is generated by the syncytiotrophoblast, a component of the fertilized egg after conception.HCG has a wide role in treating infertility in women and increases sperm count in men. (mymedistore.com)
- Ovidac 10000 iu includes an active ingredient Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) which is a polypeptide hormone that is generated by the syncytiotrophoblast, a component of the fertilized egg after conception. (mymedistore.com)
Urine4
- Free beta subunits are degraded by macrophage enzymes in the kidney to make a beta subunit core fragment, which is primarily detected in urine samples. (medscape.com)
- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Beta (b-hCG) Purified from Innovative Research has been purified from human pregnancy urine. (innov-research.com)
- The beta subunit of hCG gondatropin (b-hCG) can be found in blood and urine during pregnacy, and is also produced in the tumors of some forms of cancer including testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, and others. (innov-research.com)
- Doctors test hCG levels in the urine and … why do my hands smell like onions dollar trre near me You also may have a blood test to measure human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is the substance that is detected in pregnancy tests. (lukaszkarolak.eu)
Thyroid1
- The genes encoding the mature common glycoprotein alpha (CGA) and hormone-specific beta subunits of feline thyroid stimulating hormone (fTSH) were cloned and sequenced. (avmi.net)
Equine3
- Gonadotropins, Equine" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Gonadotropins, Equine" by people in this website by year, and whether "Gonadotropins, Equine" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Gonadotropins, Equine" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)
Protein2
- one alpha and one beta subunit make the full, functional protein. (aivdbiotech.com)
- FSH is a protein made by the human pituitary gland and it has an effect on the ovary to push more follicles to develop. (pacificfertility.ca)
Tumors1
- [ 5 ] When gastrinomas are found in the pancreas, they are non-beta islet cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Hormonal1
- This led to an improved understanding of the human ovarian cycle and the hormonal changes that take place in pregnancy. (ibms.org)
Diagnosis1
- Testing for the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) is an integral part of the diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease. (aafp.org)
Assays1
- The most commonly used assays are for the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). (medscape.com)
Cells3
- Both genes were cloned independently downstream from the EF1alpha promoter of the PEAK transfer vector to facilitate co-expression studies in PEAK cells (modified human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells). (avmi.net)
- These IMRCs are differentiated from human embryonic stem cells that are expanded and then harvested. (drugbank.com)
- Evidence that human haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) do not reside within the CD34+KIT- cell population. (musc.edu)
Differs1
- The free beta subunit of hCG differs from the others in that it has a 30-amino acid tailpiece at the COOH terminus. (medscape.com)
Gene1
- P. M. Frossard, M. J. Malloy, G. G. Lestringant and J. P. Kane, "Haplotypes of the Human Renin Gene Associated with Essential Hypertension and Stroke," Journal of Human Hypertension, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2001, pp. 49-55. (scirp.org)
Genes1
- Opposing actions of c-ets/PU.1 and c-myb protooncogene products in regulating the macrophage-specific promoters of the human and mouse colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (c-fms) genes. (musc.edu)
Physiological1
- Under physiological conditions, alpha- and beta-chain synthesis and secretions are tightly coupled, and only small amounts of monomeric subunits are secreted. (mayocliniclabs.com)
Alpha and beta2
- hCG is composed of alpha and beta subunits. (medscape.com)
- Composed of an alpha and beta subunit. (medscape.com)
Pregnancy hormone1
- Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is known as the pregnancy hormone because its levels increase once a pregnancy is established. (pacificfertility.ca)
Follicle2
- Primary amino acid sequence of follicle-stimulating hormone from human pituitary glands. (wikipedia.org)
- Human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH): first proposal for the amino acid sequence of the alpha-subunit (hFSHa) and first demonstration of its identity with the alpha-subunit of human luteinizing hormone (hLHa). (wikipedia.org)
Pituitary gland1
- Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone that is prescribed in the inability to conceive, enhances sperm count, and in pituitary gland condition. (mymedistore.com)
Receptor1
- The alpha-subunits are essential for receptor transactivation. (mayocliniclabs.com)
Detect1
- Pregnancy tests use antibodies to detect human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). (thieme-connect.com)
Ovulation2
- Induction of ovulation and pregnancy in the anovulatory, infertile woman in whom the cause of anovulation is secondary and not due to primary ovarian failure, and who has been appropriately treated with human gonadotropins. (drugs.com)
- Human Chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a hormone that supports the normal development of an egg in a woman's ovary, and stimulates the release of the egg during ovulation. (pharmabeast.is)
Molecule2
- The intact molecule and free beta) while others measure the intact OR free beta. (southtees.nhs.uk)
- Nitric oxide or Nitrogen monoxide is a chemical compound with chemical formula NO. This gas is an important signaling molecule in the body of mammals including humans and is an extremely important intermediate in the chemical industry. (drugbank.com)
Fragment4
- hCG is present in the maternal circulation as either an intact dimer, alpha or beta subunit, and degraded form, or beta core fragment. (medscape.com)
- Intact and free beta subunit are initially the predominant forms of hCG, with the beta core fragment emerging as the predominant form in the fifth week after conception. (medscape.com)
- [ 3 ] Optimally, tests used for early pregnancy detection should be able to recognize all forms of intact hCG, including the free beta subunit and the beta core fragment. (medscape.com)
- The ″In-tact″ hormone, ″nicked″ forms of HCG, the beta-core fragment and the free beta sub-unit. (southtees.nhs.uk)
Potent1
- A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications. (lookformedical.com)
Vivo1
- Antiserum to the beta-subunit of ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH-beta) raised in monkeys (Macaca radiata) has been tested by a variety of criteria both in vivo and in vitro to establish its ability to neutralize oLH, hLH, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). (iisc.ac.in)
Adverse reactions2
- Prior hypersensitivity reactions to human gonadotropins, including hCG, or any of the excipients (see ADVERSE REACTIONS ). (drugs.com)
- Use hCG in conjunction with gonadotropin therapy only if the physician is experienced with infertility problems and is familiar with the criteria for patient selection, contraindications, warnings, precautions, and adverse reactions described in the package insert for gonadotropins. (drugs.com)
Free beta1
- Additionally, intact and free beta subunit have the most day-to-day variability and are transiently undetectable even 10 days after detection of pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Unique2
- The beta subunit is unique to hCG and is responsible for its biological activity. (thehealthplace.in)
- It has a beta subunit that is unique to hCG. (pharmabeast.is)
Sequence4
- The amino acid sequence of human chorionic gonadotropin. (wikipedia.org)
- Linear amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit. (wikipedia.org)
- The alpha subunit has a similar amino acid sequence to that of LH, FSH and TSH. (southtees.nhs.uk)
- The resulting 510 bp PCR product for the CGA-subunit included the full coding sequence for the 96 amino acid mature subunit preceded by a 24 amino acid signal peptide. (avmi.net)