An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.
The infusion of leaves of CAMELLIA SINENSIS (formerly Thea sinensis) as a beverage, the familiar Asian tea, which contains CATECHIN (especially epigallocatechin gallate) and CAFFEINE.
Camellia sinensis L. (formerly Thea sinensis) is an evergreen Asiatic shrub of the THEACEAE family. The infusion of leaves of this plant is used as Oriental TEA which contains CAFFEINE; THEOPHYLLINE; and epigallocatechin gallate.
Dimers (homo and hetero) of FLAVONOIDS.
A large class of organic compounds having more than one PHENOL group.
A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.
A colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound obtained from nutgalls. It is used in photography, pharmaceuticals, and as an analytical reagent.
Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.
Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.
Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.
Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.
A plant genus in the family THEACEAE, order THEALES best known for CAMELLIA SINENSIS which is the source of Oriental TEA.
Picrates are salts of picric acid, an explosive organic compound previously used as a yellow dye and antiseptic, which are now primarily used in chemical research and industrial applications. Please note that picrates should be handled with care due to their potential explosiveness when heated or subjected to friction.
A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain 5-methyl-8-hydroxycoumarin. The common name of centaury is more often used for CENTAURIUM
A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility.
Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.
Fermented juice of fresh grapes or of other fruit or plant products used as a beverage.
A group of 3-hydroxy-4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.
A tree of the family Sterculiaceae (or Byttneriaceae), usually Theobroma cacao, or its seeds, which after fermentation and roasting, yield cocoa and chocolate.
A flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin.
A group of FLAVONOIDS derived from FLAVONOLS, which lack the ketone oxygen at the 4-position. They are glycosylated versions of cyanidin, pelargonidin or delphinidin. The conjugated bonds result in blue, red, and purple colors in flowers of plants.
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of protocatechuate to 3-carboxy-cis-cis-muconate in the presence of molecular oxygen. It contains ferric ion. EC 1.13.11.3.
Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.
Elements with partially filled d orbitals. They constitute groups 3-12 of the periodic table of elements.
A plant genus of the family SAPINDACEAE. The seed of P. cupana is the source of guarana powder which contains 4% CAFFEINE.
Agents that increase energy expenditure and weight loss by neural and chemical regulation. Beta-adrenergic agents and serotoninergic drugs have been experimentally used in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to treat obesity.
A plant genus of the family CISTACEAE. The common name of rock rose is also sometimes used with the closely related Helianthemum genus (CISTACEAE).
A plant genus of the family COMBRETACEAE. Triterpenes and combretastatin have been identified in members of this genus.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. Young shoots are eaten in Asian foods while the stiff mature stems are used for construction of many things. The common name of bamboo is also used for other genera of Poaceae including Phyllostachys, SASA, and Dendrocalamus.
Benzoate derivatives substituted by one or more hydroxy groups in any position on the benzene ring.

ESR study on the structure-antioxidant activity relationship of tea catechins and their epimers. (1/1387)

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the free radical scavenging activities and the chemical structures of tea catechins ((-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and (-)-epicatechin (EC)) and their corresponding epimers ((-)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), (-)-gallocatechin (GC) and (+)-catechin ((+)-C)). With electron spin resonance (ESR) we investigated their scavenging effects on superoxide anions (O-.2) generated in the irradiated riboflavin system, singlet oxygen(1O2) generated in the photoradiation-hemoporphyrin system, the free radicals generated from 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)hydrochloride (AAPH) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The results showed that the scavenging effects of galloylated catechins (EGCG and GCG) on the four free radicals were stronger than those of nongalloylated catechins (EGC, GC, EC, (+)-C), and the scavenging effects of EGC and GC were stronger than those of EC and (+)-C. Thus, it is suggested that the presence of the gallate group at the 3 position plays the most important role in their free radical-scavenging abilities and an additional insertion of the hydroxyl group at the 5' position in the B ring also contributes to their scavenging activities. Moreover, the corresponding phenoxyl radicals formed after the reaction with O-.2 were trapped by DMPO and the ESR spectra of DMPO/phenoxyl radical adducts were observed (aN=15.6 G and aHbeta=21.5 G). No significant differences were found between the scavenging effects of the catechins and their epimers when their concentrations were high. However, significant differences were observed at relatively low concentrations, and the lower their concentrations, the higher the differences. The scavenging abilities of GCG, GC and (+)-C were stronger than those of their corresponding epimers (EGCG, EGC and EC). The differences between their sterical structures played a more important role in their abilities to scavenge large free radicals, such as the free radicals generated from AAPH and the DPPH radical, than to scavenge small free radicals, such as O-.2 and 1O2, especially in the case with EGCG and GCG with more bulky steric hindrance.  (+info)

Procyanidin oligomers selectively and intensively promote proliferation of mouse hair epithelial cells in vitro and activate hair follicle growth in vivo. (2/1387)

We have previously reported that proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds possess growth-promoting activity toward murine hair epithelial cells in vitro and stimulate anagen induction in hair cycle progression in vivo. This report constitutes a comparison of the growth-promoting activity of procyanidin oligomers and the target cells of procyanidins in the skin. Results show that procyanidin dimer and trimer exhibit higher growth-promoting activity than the monomer. The maximum growth-promoting activity for hair epithelial cells with procyanidin B-2, an epicatechin dimer, reached about 300% (30 microM) relative to controls (= 100%) in a 5 d culture. Optimum concentration of procyanidin C-1, an epicatechin trimer, was lower than that of procyanidin B-2; the maximum growth-promoting activity of procyanidin C-1 was about 220% (3 microM). No other flavonoid compounds examined exhibit higher proliferative activities than the procyanidins. In skin constituent cells, only epithelial cells such as hair keratinocytes or epidermal keratinocytes respond to procyanidin oligomers. Topical application of 1% procyanidin oligomers on shaven C3H mice in the telogen phase led to significant hair regeneration [procyanidin B-2, 69.6% +/- 21.8% (mean +/- SD); procyanidin B-3, 80.9% +/- 13.0%; procyanidin C-1, 78.3% +/- 7.6%] on the basis of the shaven area; application of vehicle only led to regeneration of 41.7% (SD = 16.3%). In this paper, we demonstrate the hair-growing activity of procyanidin oligomers both in vitro and in vivo, and their potential for use as agents to induce hair growth.  (+info)

Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced mutagenesis by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in the lung of rpsL transgenic mice. (3/1387)

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major water-soluble component of green tea. The antimutagenic activity of EGCG against benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced mutations was assessed by using transgenic mice carrying the rpsL gene as a monitor of mutations. Seven-week-old male mice were given drinking water containing EGCG for 3 weeks. On day 7, mice were treated with a single i.p. injection of B[a]P (500 mg/kg body wt). Two weeks after the injection, the mutations in the rpsL gene were analyzed. B[a]P treatment resulted in an approximately 4-fold increase of mutation frequency at the rpsL gene in the lung. An approximately 60% reduction in the B[a]P-induced mutations in the lung was observed when mice were given EGCG at concentrations >0.005%. B[a]P-induced mutations mainly occurred at G:C basepairs in the several specific nucleotide sequences of the rpsL gene. These were AGG, CGG, CGT, TGG, TGC and GGT: all of them contained a guanine residue. Mutations seen similarly in the human Ki-ras codon 12 or p53 codons 157, 248, and 273 of lung tumor were also found in the rpsL gene, and the mutations were suppressed by the EGCG treatment. In conclusion, the antimutagenic effects of EGCG for B[a]P-induced mutagenesis in vivo suggest that drinking green tea may reduce the tumor-initiating potency of B[a]P in the lung.  (+info)

Methylation of tea catechins by rat liver homogenates. (4/1387)

Methylation of (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg), and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) was carried out with a rat liver homogenate and S-adenosyl-L-methionine. A structural analysis of the reaction products by MS and NMR showed that 4'-O-methyl EGC, 4"-O-methyl ECg, and 4"-O-methyl EGCg had been formed from EGC, ECg, and EGCg, respectively. These results suggest that methylation may be one of the metabolic pathways to the catechins.  (+info)

Epigallocathechin-3 gallate selectively inhibits the PDGF-BB-induced intracellular signaling transduction pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibits transformation of sis-transfected NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and human glioblastoma cells (A172). (5/1387)

Enhanced activity of receptor tyrosine kinases such as the PDGF beta-receptor and EGF receptor has been implicated as a contributing factor in the development of malignant and nonmalignant proliferative diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Several epidemiological studies suggest that green tea may prevent the development of cancer and atherosclerosis. One of the major constituents of green tea is the polyphenol epigallocathechin-3 gallate (EGCG). In an attempt to offer a possible explanation for the anti-cancer and anti-atherosclerotic activity of EGCG, we examined the effect of EGCG on the PDGF-BB-, EGF-, angiotensin II-, and FCS-induced activation of the 44 kDa and 42 kDa mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase isoforms (p44(mapk)/p42(mapk)) in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from rat aorta. VSMCs were treated with EGCG (1-100 microM) for 24 h and stimulated with the above mentioned agonists for different time periods. Stimulation of the p44(mapk)/p42(mapk) was detected by the enhanced Western blotting method using phospho-specific MAP kinase antibodies that recognized the Tyr204-phosphorylated (active) isoforms. Treatment of VSMCs with 10 and 50 microM EGCG resulted in an 80% and a complete inhibition of the PDGF-BB-induced activation of MAP kinase isoforms, respectively. In striking contrast, EGCG (1-100 microM) did not influence MAP kinase activation by EGF, angiotensin II, and FCS. Similarly, the maximal effect of PDGF-BB on the c-fos and egr-1 mRNA expression as well as on intracellular free Ca2+ concentration was completely inhibited in EGCG-treated VSMCs, whereas the effect of EGF was not affected. Quantification of the immunoprecipitated tyrosine-phosphorylated PDGF-Rbeta, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, and phospholipase C-gamma1 by the enhanced Western blotting method revealed that EGCG treatment effectively inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of these kinases in VSMCs. Furthermore, we show that spheroid formation of human glioblastoma cells (A172) and colony formation of sis-transfected NIH 3T3 cells in semisolid agar are completely inhibited by 20-50 microM EGCG. Our findings demonstrate that EGCG is a selective inhibitor of the tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF-Rbeta and its downstream signaling pathway. The present findings may partly explain the anti-cancer and anti-atherosclerotic activity of green tea.  (+info)

Involvement of endothelium/nitric oxide in vasorelaxation induced by purified green tea (-)epicatechin. (6/1387)

The present study investigated the involvement of endothelial nitric oxide in relaxation induced by purified green tea (-)epicatechin in rat isolated mesenteric arteries. (-)Epicatechin caused both endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation. NG-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 microM) and methylene blue (10 microM) significantly attenuated (-)epicatechin-induced relaxation in endothelium-intact tissues. L-Arginine (1 mM) partially antagonized the effect of L-NAME. (-)Epicatechin-induced relaxation was inhibited by Rp-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate triethylamine. In contrast, indomethacin and glibenclamide had no effect. (-)Epicatechin (100 microM) significantly increased the tissue content of cyclic GMP and NG-nitro-L-arginine (100 microM) or removal of the endothelium abolished this increase. (-)Epicatechin (100 microM) induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Iberiotoxin at 100 nM attenuated (-)epicatechin-induced relaxation in endothelium-intact arteries and this effect was absent in the presence of 100 microM L-NAME. In summary, (-)epicatechin-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation is primarily mediated by nitric oxide and partially through nitric oxide-dependent activation of iberiotoxin-sensitive K+ channels. In addition, there may be a causal link between increased Ca2+ levels and nitric oxide release in response to (-)epicatechin.  (+info)

Suppression of extracellular signals and cell proliferation by the black tea polyphenol, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate. (7/1387)

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the major green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), suppressed autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor induced by EGF in human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of black tea polyphenols, including theaflavin (TF-1), a mixture (TF-2) of theaflavin-3-gallate (TF-2a) and theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF-2b), theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF-3) and the thearubigin fraction on the autophosphorylation of the EGF and PDGF receptors in A431 cells and mouse NIH3T3 fibroblast cells, respectively. First, we examined the effects of these polyphenols on the proliferation of A431 and NIH3T3 cells. Both EGCG and TF-3 strongly inhibited the proliferation of A431 and NIH3T3 cells more than the other theaflavins did. In cultured cells with pre-treatment of tea polyphenol, TF-3 was stronger than EGCG on the reduction of EGF receptor and PDGF receptor autophosphorylation induced by EGF and PDGF, respectively. Other theaflavins slightly reduced the autophosphorylation of the EGF and PDGF receptors; furthermore, TF-3 could reduce autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor (or PDGF receptor) even with co-treatment with EGF (or PDGF) and TF-3, but EGCG was inactive under these conditions. In addition, TF-3 was stronger than EGCG in blocking EGF binding to its receptor. These results suggest that not only the green tea polyphenol, EGCG, but also the black tea polyphenol, TF-3, have an antiproliferative activity on tumor cells, and the molecular mechanisms of antiproliferation may block the growth factor binding to its receptor and thus suppress mitogenic signal transduction.  (+info)

Apoptosis-inducing activity of polyphenol compounds derived from tea catechins in human histiolytic lymphoma U937 cells. (8/1387)

Polyphenolic compounds derived from tea catechins were examined for apoptosis-inducing activity in human histiolytic lymphoma U937 cells. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate, theasinensin D, compound OH-5, theaflavin, and theaflavin digallate induced apoptosis as evidenced by DNA ladder formation, its inhibition by a caspase inhibitor, and chromatin condensation. Theasinensin D was the most potent inducer and the data suggest the importance of the number and three dimensional localization of their phenolic groups in this activity. These apoptosis-inducible compounds may be useful as a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.  (+info)

A catechin is a type of plant phenol and antioxidant found in various foods and beverages, such as tea, cocoa, and certain fruits and vegetables. Chemically, catechins are flavan-3-ols, which are a subclass of flavonoids. They have several potential health benefits, including reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Catechins are known to have anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antidiabetic properties. They can also help improve oral health by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria in the mouth. The most well-known catechin is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which is found in high concentrations in green tea and has been extensively studied for its potential health benefits.

In summary, a catechin is a type of antioxidant compound found in various plant-based foods and beverages that may have several health benefits, including reducing the risk of chronic diseases and improving oral health.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tea" is not a medical term. It generally refers to a hot beverage made by infusing the leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) in hot water. There are various types of tea including black, green, white, oolong, and herbal teas, but these are not medical terms. If you have any medical concerns or questions, I'd be happy to try to help if I can, but it would be helpful if you could provide more context or clarify what you're asking about.

'Camellia sinensis' is the scientific name for the plant that is used to produce tea. It is an evergreen shrub native to East Asia, particularly China and India, and has been cultivated for thousands of years for its leaves, which are used to make various types of tea, including black, green, oolong, and white teas.

The leaves of 'Camellia sinensis' contain a number of bioactive compounds, including caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine, as well as polyphenols such as flavonoids and catechins, which are believed to have various health benefits. The processing method used on the leaves determines the type of tea produced and its color, flavor, and chemical composition.

Biflavonoids are a type of flavonoid, which are plant-based compounds with antioxidant properties. Biflavonoids are unique because they consist of two flavonoid molecules joined together. They can be found in various plants, including fruits, vegetables, and herbs. Some research suggests that biflavonoids may have potential health benefits, such as reducing inflammation and protecting against oxidative stress. However, more research is needed to confirm these effects and determine the optimal dosages for human consumption.

Polyphenols are a type of phytochemical, which are naturally occurring compounds found in plant-based foods. They contain multiple phenol units and can be classified into several subgroups, including flavonoids, stilbenes, tannins, and lignans. These compounds have been studied for their potential health benefits due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating properties. They are found in a wide variety of foods such as fruits, vegetables, tea, wine, chocolate, and cereals.

Flavonoids are a type of plant compounds with antioxidant properties that are beneficial to health. They are found in various fruits, vegetables, grains, and wine. Flavonoids have been studied for their potential to prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer due to their ability to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress.

There are several subclasses of flavonoids, including:

1. Flavanols: Found in tea, chocolate, grapes, and berries. They have been shown to improve blood flow and lower blood pressure.
2. Flavones: Found in parsley, celery, and citrus fruits. They have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
3. Flavanonols: Found in citrus fruits, onions, and tea. They have been shown to improve blood flow and reduce inflammation.
4. Isoflavones: Found in soybeans and legumes. They have estrogen-like effects and may help prevent hormone-related cancers.
5. Anthocyanidins: Found in berries, grapes, and other fruits. They have antioxidant properties and may help improve vision and memory.

It is important to note that while flavonoids have potential health benefits, they should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment or a healthy lifestyle. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.

Gallic acid is an organic compound that is widely found in nature. It's a type of phenolic acid, which means it contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an aromatic ring. Gallic acid is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and alcohol.

In the medical field, gallic acid is known for its antioxidant properties. It has been shown to neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to aging and diseases such as cancer and heart disease. Gallic acid also has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties.

Gallic acid is found in a variety of plants, including tea leaves, grapes, oak bark, and sumac. It can be extracted from these plants and used in the production of pharmaceuticals, food additives, and cosmetics. In some cases, gallic acid may be used as a marker for the identification and authentication of plant-based materials.

It's important to note that while gallic acid has potential health benefits, it should not be taken as a substitute for medical treatment or advice from a healthcare professional.

Proanthocyanidins are a type of polyphenolic compound that are found in various plants, including fruits, vegetables, and bark. They are also known as condensed tannins or oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs). These compounds are characterized by their ability to form complex structures through the linkage of flavan-3-ol units.

Proanthocyanidins have been studied for their potential health benefits, which may include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protective effects. They have also been shown to have a positive impact on collagen stability, which may contribute to their potential role in promoting skin and joint health.

Foods that are rich in proanthocyanidins include grapes (and red wine), berries, apples, cocoa, and green tea. These compounds can be difficult for the body to absorb, but supplements containing standardized extracts of proanthocyanidins are also available.

It's important to note that while proanthocyanidins have shown promise in laboratory and animal studies, more research is needed to fully understand their potential health benefits and safety profile in humans. As with any supplement, it's always a good idea to talk to your healthcare provider before starting to take proanthocyanidins.

A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.

Phenols, also known as phenolic acids or phenol derivatives, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. In the context of medicine and biology, phenols are often referred to as a type of antioxidant that can be found in various foods and plants.

Phenols have the ability to neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells and contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Some common examples of phenolic compounds include gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and ellagic acid, among many others.

Phenols can also have various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic effects. However, some phenolic compounds can also be toxic or irritating to the body in high concentrations, so their use as therapeutic agents must be carefully monitored and controlled.

Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or slow damage to cells caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that the body produces as a reaction to environmental and other pressures. Antioxidants are able to neutralize free radicals by donating an electron to them, thus stabilizing them and preventing them from causing further damage to the cells.

Antioxidants can be found in a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains. Some common antioxidants include vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and selenium. Antioxidants are also available as dietary supplements.

In addition to their role in protecting cells from damage, antioxidants have been studied for their potential to prevent or treat a number of health conditions, including cancer, heart disease, and age-related macular degeneration. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of using antioxidant supplements.

"Camellia" is a botanical term that refers to a genus of evergreen shrubs and trees in the family Theaceae. There are over 250 species of Camellias, which are native to Asia, primarily China and Japan. Many Camellia species are cultivated for their attractive flowers, and some are used for their oil-rich seeds.

The most well-known species is Camellia sinensis, which is the source of tea leaves used to make black, green, and oolong teas. The caffeine content in these teas comes from xanthines found in the leaves of this plant.

Camellias are not typically associated with medical definitions or uses, but some research suggests that compounds found in Camellia sinensis may have potential health benefits, such as reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and establish safe and effective dosages.

I am not a medical expert, but I can provide some information that may be helpful. "Picrates" is not a term commonly used in medical definitions. Instead, it is a term used in chemistry to refer to salts of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol), which was once used as a yellow dye and explosive.

Picric acid has been used historically in some medical applications, such as a component in certain topical antiseptics and in histological staining procedures. However, its use in modern medicine is quite limited due to its high sensitivity to impact, heat, and friction, which makes it potentially dangerous to handle.

Therefore, it's important to note that "picrates" is not a medical term per se but rather a chemical one, and any medical application of picric acid or its salts would be highly specialized and unlikely to be encountered in most healthcare settings.

"Centaurea" is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, also known as the daisy family. These plants are commonly known as knapweeds or star-thistles and include various species that can be found in different parts of the world, particularly in Europe and Asia. Some Centaurea species have medicinal properties and have been used in traditional medicine to treat ailments such as digestive issues, skin conditions, and respiratory problems. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using any herbal remedies, as they can interact with other medications or have adverse effects.

Rutin is a flavonoid, a type of plant pigment that is found in various plants and foods including citrus fruits, buckwheat, and asparagus. It has antioxidant properties and is known to help strengthen blood vessels and reduce inflammation. In medical terms, rutin may be mentioned in the context of discussing treatments for conditions related to these effects, such as varicose veins or hemorrhoids. However, it's important to note that while rutin has potential health benefits, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and proper dosages.

Tannins, also known as tannic acid or gallotannins, are a type of polyphenolic biomolecule found in plants. They are most commonly known for their ability to bind to proteins and other organic compounds, forming insoluble complexes. This property is what gives tannins their characteristic astringent taste and is also the basis for their use in traditional medicine and industry.

In the context of human health, tannins have been studied for their potential beneficial effects on various physiological processes, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and inhibition of enzymes involved in cancer development. However, excessive consumption of tannins can also have negative health effects, including stomach irritation, nausea, and liver damage.

Tannins are found in a wide variety of plants, including fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, bark, leaves, and roots. They are particularly abundant in certain types of food and beverages, such as red wine, tea, coffee, chocolate, and some herbs and spices. In the medical field, tannins have been used topically for their astringent properties to treat wounds, burns, and skin irritations. However, it is important to note that the evidence supporting the health benefits of tannins is still limited and more research is needed to fully understand their effects on human health.

'Wine' is not typically defined in medical terms, but it is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of grape juice. It contains ethanol and can have varying levels of other compounds depending on the type of grape used, the region where it was produced, and the method of fermentation.

In a medical context, wine might be referred to in terms of its potential health effects, which can vary. Moderate consumption of wine, particularly red wine, has been associated with certain health benefits, such as improved cardiovascular health. However, heavy or excessive drinking can lead to numerous health problems, including addiction, liver disease, heart disease, and an increased risk of various types of cancer.

It's important to note that while moderate consumption may have some health benefits, the potential risks of alcohol consumption generally outweigh the benefits for many people. Therefore, it's recommended that individuals who do not currently drink alcohol should not start drinking for health benefits. Those who choose to drink should do so in moderation, defined as up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.

Flavonols are a type of flavonoid, which is a class of plant and fungal metabolites. They are characterized by the presence of a 3-hydroxyflavone skeleton. Flavonols are found in a variety of plants and are known for their antioxidant properties. Some common dietary sources of flavonols include onions, kale, broccoli, apples, tea, and red wine. They have been studied for their potential health benefits, including reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Flavonols are also known to have anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial properties.

The term "cacao" refers to the plant Theobroma cacao, which is native to tropical regions of Central and South America. It is a small evergreen tree that produces large, football-shaped fruits called pods. Each pod contains 20-60 seeds, also known as beans, which are used to make cocoa powder and chocolate.

Cacao beans contain several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, theobromine, and caffeine, that have been shown to have potential health benefits. However, it is important to note that these benefits are typically associated with moderate consumption of cocoa products, rather than large amounts of chocolate or cacao beans themselves.

In summary, while "cacao" may be used interchangeably with "cocoa" in some contexts, the term technically refers to the plant and its seeds, rather than the processed powder or chocolate that is derived from them.

Quercetin is a type of flavonoid antioxidant that is found in plant foods, including leafy greens, tomatoes, berries, and broccoli. It has been studied for its potential health benefits, such as reducing inflammation, protecting against damage to cells, and helping to reduce the risk of heart disease and cancer. Quercetin is also known for its ability to stabilize mast cells and prevent the release of histamine, making it a popular natural remedy for allergies. It is available in supplement form, but it is always recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

Anthocyanins are a type of plant pigment that belong to the flavonoid group. They are responsible for providing colors ranging from red, purple, and blue to black in various fruits, vegetables, flowers, and leaves. Anthocyanins have been studied extensively due to their potential health benefits, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. They also play a role in protecting plants from environmental stressors such as UV radiation, pathogens, and extreme temperatures. Chemically, anthocyanins are water-soluble compounds that can form complex structures with other molecules, leading to variations in their color expression depending on pH levels.

Protocatechuate-3,4-dioxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the ortho-cleavage of protocatechuate, an aromatic compound, in the meta-cleavage pathway of aerobic bacterial catabolism. The enzyme requires Fe(II) as a cofactor and has two subunits: alpha and beta. The alpha subunit contains the catalytic site and is responsible for binding and cleaving protocatechuate, while the beta subunit serves a regulatory role.

The reaction catalyzed by protocatechuate-3,4-dioxygenase is as follows:

Protocatechuate + O2 -> 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

This enzyme plays an important role in the degradation of various aromatic compounds and is widely distributed in bacteria, fungi, and plants. It has been studied extensively as a model system for understanding the mechanisms of aromatic ring cleavage and has potential applications in bioremediation and industrial biotechnology.

Free radical scavengers, also known as antioxidants, are substances that neutralize or stabilize free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons, capable of causing damage to cells and tissues in the body through a process called oxidative stress. Antioxidants donate an electron to the free radical, thereby neutralizing it and preventing it from causing further damage. They can be found naturally in foods such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts, or they can be synthesized and used as dietary supplements. Examples of antioxidants include vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and selenium.

Transition elements, in the context of medical definitions, refer to a group of metallic elements that are characterized by their incomplete d series of orbitals. These elements include scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Some definitions also include the lanthanide and actinide series.

These elements are essential to life, with iron being a key component of hemoglobin, and other transition metals playing crucial roles in various enzymatic reactions and as cofactors for many proteins. Transition elements are also widely used in medical devices, such as stainless steel implants, and in pharmaceuticals, such as platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents.

"Paullinia" is a botanical name, referring to a genus of plants in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae). It includes several species that are native to the Americas, particularly in Central and South America. Some of these plants have traditional medicinal uses, and some of their chemical constituents have been studied for potential pharmacological effects. However, "Paullinia" itself is not a medical term or diagnosis.

One of the most well-known species in this genus is Paullinia cupana, commonly known as guarana. Guarana seeds contain high levels of caffeine and have been used in traditional medicine as a stimulant and to treat various conditions such as fever, headache, and gastrointestinal issues. However, it's important to note that the use of these plants as medicines may come with risks and should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Anti-obesity agents are medications that are used to treat obesity and overweight. They work by reducing appetite, increasing feelings of fullness, decreasing fat absorption, or increasing metabolism. Some examples of anti-obesity agents include orlistat, lorcaserin, phentermine, and topiramate. These medications are typically used in conjunction with diet and exercise to help people lose weight and maintain a healthy body weight. It's important to note that these medications can have side effects and should be used under the close supervision of a healthcare provider.

'Cistus' is a term that refers to a genus of plants commonly known as rockroses. These plants are native to the Mediterranean region and have pink, white, or red flowers. They belong to the family Cistaceae. While 'Cistus' is a plant genus and not a medical term, extracts from some species of Cistus have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating skin conditions and wounds. However, it is important to note that the medical efficacy and safety of these uses have not been thoroughly studied or proven by modern scientific research.

"Combretum" is a genus of flowering plants in the family Combretaceae, also known as the shrubs and small trees commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. These plants have various medicinal uses in different cultures. The active compounds in some species have been studied for potential anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antimalarial properties. However, it's important to note that using herbal remedies can involve risks, and it's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Bambusa" is not a medical term. It is actually the name of a genus of tropical grasses known as bamboos, which are native to Asia and other parts of the world. The plants in this genus are characterized by their woody stems, which can grow very tall and strong, and are often used for various purposes such as construction materials, food, and ornamental plants.

If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help you with those instead!

Hydroxybenzoates are the salts or esters of hydroxybenzoic acids. They are commonly used as preservatives in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products due to their antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The most common examples include methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben. These compounds work by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi, thereby increasing the shelf life and safety of various products. However, there has been some concern about their potential health effects, including possible hormonal disruption, and their use in certain applications is being re-evaluated.

The most common catechin isomer is (+)-catechin. The other stereoisomer is (−)-catechin or ent-catechin. The most common ... Mixtures of the different enantiomers can be called (±)-catechin or DL-catechin and (±)-epicatechin or DL-epicatechin. Catechin ... catechins (67 mg/kg). Catechins are diverse among foods, from peaches to green tea and vinegar. Catechins are found in barley ... 2R,3S)-Catechin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and malt. Epigeoside (catechin-3-O-α-L ...
... may refer to: Catechin-3-O-glucoside Catechin-3'-O-glucoside Catechin-4'-O-glucoside Catechin-5-O-glucoside ... Catechin-7-O-glucoside This set index article lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same name. If an internal ...
... is a flavan-3-ol glycoside formed from catechin. Catechin-7-O-glucoside can be isolated from the ... catechin by cultured cells of Eucalyptus perriniana. Catechin-7-O-glucoside can be found in paeoniae radix, the crude drug made ... Catechin 7-O'-β-D-glucopyranoside is found in rhubarb. This compound has an antioxidant activity leading to a cytoprotective ... Kim, Ki-cheon; Kim, Jin-sook; Kang, Kyoung-ah; Kim, Jong-min; Hyun, Jin-won (2010). "Cytoprotective effects of catechin 7-O-β-D ...
It can also be formed from (+)-catechin by plant-cultured cells of Eucalyptus perriniana. Catechin glucosides: occurrence, ... Catechin 5-O-glucoside is a flavanol glucoside. It can be found in rhubarb and in the bark of Rhaphiolepis umbellata. ... catechin by plant-cultured cells of Eucalyptus perriniana. Shuichi Otani, Yoko Kondo, Yoshihisa Asada, Tsutomu Furuya, ...
... is a flavanol-anthocyanin adduct. Flavanol-anthocyanin adducts are formed during wine ageing ... Malvidin glucoside-ethyl-catechin on Yeast Metabolome Database Atanasova, Vessela; Fulcrand, Hélène; Cheynier, Véronique; ... Acetaldehyde-induced reactions yield ethyl-linked species such as malvidin glucoside-ethyl-catechin. This compound has a better ... Catechin in Model Solutions Containing Different Aldehydes". Journal of Food Science. 68 (2): 476-481. doi:10.1111/j.1365- ...
He proved the presence of catechin in cocoa beans in 1931. He showed in 1945 that luteic acid, a molecule present in the ... Adam, W. B.; Hardy, F.; Nierenstein, M. (1931). "The Catechin of the Cacao Bean". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 53 ... "Catechins isolated from tea leaves". Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas. 58 (9): 805-830. doi:10.1002/recl.19390580907 ...
He proved the presence of catechin in cocoa beans in 1931. He also worked on milk and caseinogen. He reviewed the discovery of ... Adam, W. B.; Hardy, F.; Nierenstein, M. (1931). "The Catechin of the Cacao Bean". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 53 ...
... is a metabolite of the catechin degradation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The enzyme 3-carboxy- ... Waheeta Hopper and A. Mahadevan (1997). "Degradation of catechin by Bradyrhizobium japonicum". Biodegradation. 8 (3): 159-165. ...
It also contains catechin and vitamins. Peach Camellia Kombucha has the scent of natural Camellia, and Jeju Young Tangerine ...
Mahadevan, A.; Waheeta, Hopper (1997). "Degradation of catechin by Bradyrhizobium japonicum". Biodegradation. 8 (3): 159-165. ... Hydroxyquinol commonly occurs in nature as a biodegradation product of catechin, a natural phenol found in plants (e.g. by soil ...
Catechin was first isolated from the plant extract catechu, from which it derives its name. Heating catechin past its point of ... Catechin gallates are gallic acid esters of the catechins; an example is epigallocatechin gallate, which is commonly the most ... Catechin and epicatechin are epimers, with (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin being the most common optical isomers found in ... Only flavan-3-ols with an intact (epi)catechin moiety can be metabolized into 5-(3′/4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactones (image ...
... contains catechin-7-O-glucoside. Inhibitors of Osteoclast Differentiation from Cephalotaxus koreana. Kee ...
Geiparvarin Desmethoxyyangonin, a constituent of kava extract; modest affinity Catechin and epicatechin[citation needed]. ...
Sambandam, T.; Mahadevan, A. (1993). "Degradation of catechin and purification and partial characterization of catechin ... C. cupreum is able to degrade catechin. Agricultural interest in C. cupreum has arisen due to the ability of some strains to ...
For example, ellagic acid is a dimer of gallic acid and forms the class of ellagitannins, or a catechin and a gallocatechin can ... An example of such molecules is catechin. Cavicularin is an unusual macrocycle because it was the first compound isolated from ... The aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum produces ellagic, gallic and pyrogallic acids and (+)-catechin. Alkylresorcinols can be ... catechin, allelopathic phenolic compounds inhibiting the growth of blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa. Phenolics, and in ...
Effects of dosing condition on the oral bioavailability of green tea catechins after single-dose administration of Polyphenon E ... Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of green tea catechins for prostate cancer prevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2015;8(10 ... "Moving Toward the World's First Commercialization of Catechin; Mitsui Norin's Polyphenon E as a Main Ingredient in ... and then involves successive steps which concentrate the catechins thought to be responsible for the health benefits of green ...
Phloroglucinol carboxylic acid is a degradation product excreted by A. calcoaceticus grown on (+)-catechin as the sole source ... M. Arunachalam; N. Mohan; R. Sugadev; P. Chellappan; A. Mahadevan (11 June 2003). "Degradation of (+)-catechin by Acinetobacter ...
Catechins constitute about 25% of the dry mass of a fresh tea leaf, although total catechin content varies widely depending on ... are the main catechins metabolites found in humans after consumption of green tea infusions. Catechin monomer structures are ... Catechins are the largest type of flavonoids in growing tea leaves. According to a report released by USDA, in a 200-ml cup of ... Sensitive Determination of Catechins in Tea by HPLC . Retrieved 3 August 2013. Balentine DA, Harbowy ME, Graham HN (1998). "Tea ...
It is one of the main catechins metabolites found in humans after consumption of green tea infusions. It is also found in wine ... Pietta, P. G.; Simonetti, P.; Gardana, C.; Brusamolino, A.; Morazzoni, P.; Bombardelli, E. (1998). "Catechin metabolites after ...
... is one of the main catechins metabolites found in humans after consumption of green tea infusions. Vanillic acid ... Pietta, P. G.; Simonetti, P.; Gardana, C.; Brusamolino, A.; Morazzoni, P.; Bombardelli, E. (1998). "Catechin metabolites after ...
... is one of the main catechins metabolites found in humans after consumption of green tea ... "Catechin metabolites after intake of green tea infusions". BioFactors. 8 (1-2): 111-8. doi:10.1002/biof.5520080119. PMID ...
... and stimulating thermogenesis due to the catechins present in formulations. Moreover, catechins in the brain play a major role ... Catechins are polyphenols that are a major component of green tea extract. Green tea has been associated with decreasing blood ... Matsumoto N, Ishigaki F, Ishigaki A, Iwashina H, Hara Y (April 1993). "Reduction of blood glucose levels by tea catechin". ... Suppression of the accumulation of body and liver fat by tea catechin. Organizing Committee of International Symposium on Tea ...
... is one of the main catechins metabolites found in humans after consumption of green tea infusions. ... Pietta, P. G.; Simonetti, P.; Gardana, C.; Brusamolino, A.; Morazzoni, P.; Bombardelli, E. (1998). "Catechin metabolites after ...
It is the 3-O-methylation of catechin. It inhibits histidine decarboxylase in rats. Konturek, Stanislaw J; Ellen Kitler, Mary; ...
Flavan-3-ols (flavanols) Catechins white tea, green tea, black tea, grapes, wine, apple juice, cocoa, lentils, black-eyed peas ... Catechin (+)-Gallocatechin (−)-Epicatechin (−)-Epigallocatechin (−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) green tea. (−)-Epicatechin ...
April 2018). "Scientific opinion on the safety of green tea catechins". EFSA Journal. 16 (4): e05239. doi:10.2903/j.efsa. ... Particularly abundant flavanoids in foods are catechin (tea, fruits), hesperetin (citrus fruits), cyanidin (red fruits and ... epicatechin is more bitter and astringent than its chiral isomer catechin. In contrast, hydroxycinnamic acids do not have ... resulting in the withdrawal of a catechin-containing drug. Metabolism of polyphenols can result in flavonoid-drug interactions ...
Malvidin glucoside-ethyl-catechin on Yeast Metabolome Database Morata, A; González, C; Suárez-Lepe, JA (2007). "Formation of ... Malvidin glucoside-ethyl-catechin is a flavanol-anthocyanin adduct. Flavanol-anthocyanin adducts are formed during wine ageing ... In model solutions, colorless compounds, such as catechin, can give rise to new types of pigments. The first step is the ... Acetaldehyde-induced reactions yield ethyl-linked species such as malvidin glucoside-ethyl-catechin. This compound has a better ...
Another group separated catechins using PNIPAAm. Since the separation of biological molecules such as proteins would be better ... Chikako Sakamoto; Yuji Okada; Hideko Kanazawa; Akihiko Kikuchi; Teruo Okano (2003). "Separation of catechins by temperature- ...
The DMACA reagent may be superior to the vanillin procedure for the detection of catechins. The DMACA reagent changes color ... catechin and (−)-epicatechin by 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent". Journal of Chromatography A. 1216 (20): 4485-91. doi: ...
C. edulis contains rutin, neohesperidin, hyperoside, catechin and ferulic acid; these contribute to the antibacterial ...
The most common catechin isomer is (+)-catechin. The other stereoisomer is (−)-catechin or ent-catechin. The most common ... Mixtures of the different enantiomers can be called (±)-catechin or DL-catechin and (±)-epicatechin or DL-epicatechin. Catechin ... catechins (67 mg/kg). Catechins are diverse among foods, from peaches to green tea and vinegar. Catechins are found in barley ... 2R,3S)-Catechin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and malt. Epigeoside (catechin-3-O-α-L ...
... catechin, was not effective as a PPARgamma agonist, which seems to imply that the effect of (-)-catechin on PPARgamma is ... Catechin was the most potent of the eight green tea polyphenols evaluated in promoting adipocyte differentiation in hBM-MSCs, ... In addition, (-)-catechin upregulated the secretion of adiponectin in hBM-MSC culture. Using a reporter gene assay and a ... Catechin promotes adipocyte differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through PPAR gamma transactivation ...
Explore a study on 20 new tea clones, revealing varietal differences in catechin and polyphenol levels. Gain insights into the ... Discover the impact of tea polyphenols and catechins on human health. ... The ANOVA results generated indicated that the level of catechins and polyphenols in tea were significantly different (p < 0.05 ... Tea polyphenols and catechins have gained prominence in determination of tea quality. Tea leaves contain large amounts of ...
Are you feeling overwhelmed and stressed? Its time to prioritize your mental well-being! Discover how meditation and mindfulness can transform your life with these five easy steps. Clear your mind, find inner peace, and unlock a happier you. Lets embark on this journey together ...
Learn about the role of Catechins in wine. ... Catechins are the molecular precursors to tannins in wine. ... Catechins. Catechins and the Taste of Wine. Catechins react with tannins to make the primary flavor component in red wine. ... Catechins are the major building blocks of tannins. When catechins join together, they are also known as procyanidins. These ... The primary catechins in wine are catechin,epicatechin and gallate epicatechin. Gallate epicatechin plays the most important ...
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, in collaboration with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and state partners, is ...
Glucuronides of Tea Catechins: Enzymology of Biosynthesis and Biological Activities. Hong Lu, Xiaofeng Meng, Chuan Li, Shengmin ... Glucuronides of Tea Catechins: Enzymology of Biosynthesis and Biological Activities. Hong Lu, Xiaofeng Meng, Chuan Li, Shengmin ... Glucuronides of Tea Catechins: Enzymology of Biosynthesis and Biological Activities. Hong Lu, Xiaofeng Meng, Chuan Li, Shengmin ... Glucuronides of Tea Catechins: Enzymology of Biosynthesis and Biological Activities Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a ...
... DOI link for Catechins and Caffeine in Tea: A Review of ... Other catechins also present are catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin (GC), GC gallate, epigallocatechin, and epicatechin ... The oxidation process used to prepare black tea converts many of the lower molecular weight catechin constituents in green tea ... The major polyphenol belonging to the family of catechins found in green tea is (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. ...
Mechanisms for the Inhibition of DNA Methyltransferases by Tea Catechins and Bioflavonoids. Won Jun Lee, Joong-Youn Shim and ... Mechanisms for the Inhibition of DNA Methyltransferases by Tea Catechins and Bioflavonoids. Won Jun Lee, Joong-Youn Shim and ... Mechanisms for the Inhibition of DNA Methyltransferases by Tea Catechins and Bioflavonoids. Won Jun Lee, Joong-Youn Shim and ... The IC50 values for catechin, epicatechin, and various flavonoids ranged from 1.0 to 8.4 μM, but EGCG was a more potent ...
So grab your cup of tea and lets discuss the structure of catechins, how they work, and some health benefi ... Catechins are a group of polyphenols naturally found in tea leaves. They are powerful antioxidants that help to prevent ... What are catechins used for?. Catechins are used for a variety of purposes. For example, catechins help to prevent oxidative ... Where are most catechins found?. Catechins are antioxidants that are found in many different plants. Most catechins are found ...
... which could help to elucidate interindividual variabilities in the health benefits of catechins.. Keywords. catechins, ... Li Q, Van Herreweghen F, Onyango SO, De Mey M, Van de Wiele T. In vitro microbial metabolism of (+)-catechin reveals fast and ... Q. Li, F. Van Herreweghen, S. O. Onyango, M. De Mey, and T. Van de Wiele, "In vitro microbial metabolism of (+)-catechin ... ABSTRACT: The bioavailability of catechin highly relies on gut microbiota which may determine its metabolic profile, resulting ...
... catechin lead to a decrease in the antioxidant activity that was greater when the sulphate moiety was located in the catechin B ... catechin lead to a decrease in the antioxidant activity that was greater when the sulphate moiety was located in the catechin B ... catechin lead to a decrease in the antioxidant activity that was greater when the sulphate moiety was located in the catechin B ... catechin lead to a decrease in the antioxidant activity that was greater when the sulphate moiety was located in the catechin B ...
Taylor, Janet, Taylor, John R. N., Belton, Peter S. and Minnaar, Amanda (2009) Kafirin microparticle encapsulation of catechin ... Kafirin microparticles encapsulating catechin or sorghum condensed tannins were similar in size to control kafirin ... Thus, the use of kafirin microparticles to encapsulate catechin and sorghum condensed tannins has potential as an effective ... Over a period of 4 h, catechin and sorghum condensed tannin encapsulated kafirin microparticles showed virtually no protein ...
Showing details for content value of (+)-Catechin in Almond Food Composition Calculated Mean Content Values. Units. Average. ...
Catechin. A Japanese study found evidence that beverages containing high amounts of catechin, a flavonoid found in green tea, ... A catechin-rich beverage improves obesity and blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring). ... 180] Patients in the investigation, all of whom had type 2 diabetes mellitus, ingested either 582.8 mg or 96.3 mg of catechins ... By the 12th week, participants receiving the higher catechin dose had undergone a significantly greater reduction in waist ...
Catechin Reference Substance , CAS # 18829-70-4 , Herbal Reference Standard , Analytical Testing & Quality Control , From 239 ... Catechin. synonyms. synonyms alpha. certification. (-)-Catechin reference substance is a primary reference standard with ... Catechin phyproof® Reference Substance , PhytoLab. meta description. (-)-Catechin Reference Substance , CAS # 18829-70-4 , ...
These statements have not been reviewed or evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.. ...
Catechin is a natural antioxidant that provides tons of health benefits such as cancer prevention, weight loss, and high blood ... High concentrations of Catechin can be found especially in tea, cocoa, and kernel fruits. Catechin has a bitter and astringent ... Catechin is a natural antioxidant that provides tons of health benefits such as cancer prevention, weight loss, and high blood ...
Catechins (also known as tea polyphenols) are secondary plant compounds that belong to the flavonoids and act as antioxidants ... Catechins. Matcha Green Tea. Healthy ingredients in green tea. Catechins (also known as tea polyphenols) are secondary plant ... There is a whole group of catechins, the most important is probably epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Catechins are present as ... Matcha has a health-promoting effect thanks to catechins. Matcha (Japanese for "ground tea") is the highest form of green tea ...
Arts, et al (2000) Catechin Contents of Foods Commonly Cons.... Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48:1746-1751 PubMed ...
catechin. Catechin. A subclass of flavonoids found in grapes and tea. Up to 30% of the dry weight of green tea leaves is ... Scientists believe catechins to be one of the important active substances that gives green tea extract its cancer-preventive ...
We isolated catechin extract using Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) equipped with a modifier pump was used. 10 g of dried ... Caffeine was separated by applying at 250 bar, 60 ° C and for 3 hours and then the catechin extract was separated by applying ... 0.5 mL / min ethanol, modified CO2-SFE extraction under the same conditions1 . The catechin mixture was dissolved in water (2% ...
Calobye] Weight Loss Packets (Green Tea Catechin + Probiotics). Today, we are excited to introduce CALOBYE! CALOBYE is a Korean ... The active ingredient is catechin, a powerful natural antioxidant thats found in green tea leaves.. Catechin has been shown to ... The Green Tea Catechin Tablets are effective for weight loss. Green Tea has long been used in Korea as a natural ingredient for ... Calobye] Weight Loss Packets (Green Tea Catechin + Probiotics). Today, we are excited to introduce CALOBYE!. CALOBYE is a ...
Explore the 1 paper that mention a possible interaction between Capsaicin and Catechin. ... catechin , and capsaicin co-treatment inhibits the adipogenesis during the differentiation process.. " ...
Green tea flavor mint tablets with matcha tea that contains catechins. Features the stimulating freshness of mint and the ... Green tea flavor mint tablets with matcha tea that contains catechins. Features the stimulating freshness of mint and the ...
Bulk green tea extract powder catechin polyphenol egcg manufacturer. You are here: Home1 / 2 / Plants Extracts3 / Bulk green ... The main component is composed of catechins, accounting for about 60% to 80% of the total GTP, which contains 4% to 6% ... Riotto is a professional supplier bulk green tea extract powder catechin polyphenol egcg manufacture. green tea extracts have ...
Catechin is the basic monomeric unit of grape and wine tannins and caffeic acid, when esterified with tartaric acid, plays a ... Catechin is the basic monomeric unit of grape and wine tannins and caffeic acid, when esterified with tartaric acid, plays a ... The phenolic compounds catechin and caffeic acid that occur in white wine and have antioxidant effects, are also quantified in ... The phenolic compounds catechin and caffeic acid that occur in white wine and have antioxidant effects, are also quantified in ...
The amount of catechins in FOSHU products is displayed on labels as total catechin content, but the content of individual ... and epigallocatechin EGC were the main catechins in various FOSHU beverages and the concentrations of almost all catechins were ... Various beverages that are enriched with tea catechins are marketed as Foods for Specified Health Uses (FOSHU) in Japan. ... This technique allowed simultaneous quantitation of five types of catechins and caffeine in green tea without complicated ...
7,8-DHF, 8-prenylnaringenin, apigenin, baicalein, baicalin, biochanin A, calycosin, catechin, daidzein, daidzin, ECG, EGCG, ...
... than unshaded green tea because the shading in tea leaf meant for matcha limits the amount of catechin produced in order to ... in fact on average matcha has less catechin (antioxidants) ... While matcha is often promoted for its high level of catechin ... Mitsui Meicha: Organic Catechin Anytime Green Tea Powder 40g (5400 mg Catechin per bag). ... While matcha is often promoted for its high level of catechin and the fact that you drink the whole leaf, in fact on average ...
  • Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are major green tea catechins with antioxidant and anticancer activities. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We found that each of the tea polyphenols [catechin, epicatechin, and (-)-epigallocatechin-3- O -gallate (EGCG)] and bioflavonoids (quercetin, fisetin, and myricetin) inhibited SssI DNMT- and DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation in a concentration-dependent manner. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The IC 50 values for catechin, epicatechin, and various flavonoids ranged from 1.0 to 8.4 μM, but EGCG was a more potent inhibitor, with IC 50 values ranging from 0.21 to 0.47 μM. (aspetjournals.org)
  • There is a whole group of catechins, the most important is probably epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). (kingnature.ch)
  • Riotto is a professional supplier bulk green tea extract powder catechin polyphenol egcg manufacture. (riottobotanicals.com)
  • Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin EGC were the main catechins in various FOSHU beverages and the concentrations of almost all catechins were higher in FOSHU, than in popular green tea-based beverages. (scirp.org)
  • The major types of catechins in green tea are epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC) and epicatechingallate (ECG), along with their heat-induced isomers that include catechin (+C), gallocatechin (GC), catechingallate (CG), and gallocatechingallate (GCG). (scirp.org)
  • Among these, EGCG has been extensively investigated since it is the dominant catechin in green tea. (scirp.org)
  • Green tea contains a variety of catechins, but epigallocatechin gallate is the most prevalent and extensively researched (EGCG). (cha-no-wa.com)
  • Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most prevalent and researched catechin, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity characteristics. (cha-no-wa.com)
  • Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the catechins, prevents him from multiplying her russ, even in small amounts. (kanestea.com)
  • Compounds contained in green tea known as catechins, and in particular epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are what gives it its health benefits. (unitedpharmacies.md)
  • EGCG, or E pi g allo c atechin G allate , is a catechin you'll find in large quantities in your cup. (wonderlabs.com)
  • EGCG is a catechin, a plant compound belonging to the broader class of polyphenols. (wonderlabs.com)
  • Catechins in green tea don't stop with EGCG. (wonderlabs.com)
  • The four main catechins found in Green tea are Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), Epicatechin (EC), Epicatechin Gallate (ECG), and Epigallocatechin (EGC). (wonderlabs.com)
  • However - the majority of the catechins inside green tea are EGCG. (wonderlabs.com)
  • This type of infusion usually has 30% of these compounds by weight, among which is a high amount of a catechin called EGCG or epigallocatechin gallate. (diygardens.org)
  • Therapeutic potential of green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Major interactions with host/virus proteases. (cdc.gov)
  • As flavonoids, catechins can act as antioxidants when in high concentration in vitro, but compared with other flavonoids, their antioxidant potential is low. (wikipedia.org)
  • Catechins are antioxidants that are found in many different plants. (xendurance.com)
  • Despite this, all the studied (epi)catechin sulphates still behave as better antioxidants than a-tocopherol in the radical scavenging assays carried out at pH 7.4, suggesting that they might act as efficient antioxidants in physiological conditions. (edu.pe)
  • Thus, the use of kafirin microparticles to encapsulate catechin and sorghum condensed tannins has potential as an effective method of controlled release of dietary antioxidants. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Green tea contains catechins, which are natural antioxidants. (gochujar.com)
  • While matcha is often promoted for its high level of catechin and the fact that you drink the whole leaf, in fact on average matcha has less catechin (antioxidants) than unshaded green tea because the shading in tea leaf meant for matcha limits the amount of catechin produced in order to reduce the bitterness of the matcha. (yunomi.life)
  • Catechin powder is rich in antioxidants and is good for suppressing aging. (moontore.com)
  • In conclusion, catechins are a class of antioxidants that are present in green tea and other plants and are renowned for their capacity to shield the body from the harm that free radicals may bring. (cha-no-wa.com)
  • Emerging evidence has shown that catechins and their metabolites have many additional mechanisms of action by affecting numerous sites, potentiating endogenous antioxidants and eliciting dual actions during oxidative stress, ischemia and inflammation. (breakawaymatcha.com)
  • There are studies that indicate that milk can reduce the effects of antioxidants such as catechins. (diygardens.org)
  • The major polyphenol belonging to the family of catechins found in green tea is (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • The infusion of leaves of CAMELLIA SINENSIS (formerly Thea sinensis) as a beverage, the familiar Asian tea, which contains CATECHIN (especially epigallocatechin gallate) and CAFFEINE. (bvsalud.org)
  • And flavonoids (catechins are no exception) seem to have plenty of benefits on human health. (wonderlabs.com)
  • The word "catechin" is generally used to refer to the subgroup of the falvan-3-ols or flavanols and to the family of flavonoids, which are all secondary metabolites of plants. (diygardens.org)
  • It is high in flavonoids, polyphenols, and catechins. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Flavocoxid, which sounds remarkably similar to cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib , is a proprietary blend of flavonoids such as baicalin and catechin. (medscape.com)
  • Two of the isomers are in trans configuration and are called catechin and the other two are in cis configuration and are called epicatechin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mixtures of the different enantiomers can be called (±)-catechin or DL-catechin and (±)-epicatechin or DL-epicatechin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Catechin and epicatechin are the building blocks of the proanthocyanidins, a type of condensed tannin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diastereoisomers gallery (+)-catechin (2R,3S) (−)-catechin (2S,3R) (−)-epicatechin (2R,3R) (+)-epicatechin (2S,3S) Moreover, the flexibility of the C-ring allows for two conformation isomers, putting the B-ring either in a pseudoequatorial position (E conformer) or in a pseudoaxial position (A conformer). (wikipedia.org)
  • Catechin and (−)-epicatechin as well as their gallic acid conjugates are ubiquitous constituents of vascular plants, and frequent components of traditional herbal remedies, such as Uncaria rhynchophylla. (wikipedia.org)
  • The taste associated with monomeric (+)-catechin or (−)-epicatechin is described as slightly astringent, but not bitter. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary catechins in wine are catechin,epicatechin and gallate epicatechin. (calwineries.com)
  • In this article, the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of different catechin and epicatechin sulphates, one of the less studied catechin metabolites, have been evaluated. (edu.pe)
  • Analyses by UHPLC-MS detected quinic acid, chlorogenic acid isomers, proanthocyanidin dimers type B and C, catechin/epicatechin, orientin/isoorientin, isoorientin 2"- O -xyloside, vitexin/isovitexin, and rutin. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tea quality parameters entailing catechins, caffeine and total polyphenols was generated for the 20 clones across the two seasons and sites. (scirp.org)
  • We used high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array (HPLC/PDA) to simultaneously identify and quantify catechins and caffeine in green tea-based popular beverages and FOSHU beverages. (scirp.org)
  • This technique allowed simultaneous quantitation of five types of catechins and caffeine in green tea without complicated sample preparation. (scirp.org)
  • The simultaneous determination of compounds such as catechins and caffeine in FOSHU beverages can help to estimate beneficial and adverse effects to prevent deleterious effects on health and the excessive consumption of FOSHU beverages containing high concentrations of tea catechins should be avoided. (scirp.org)
  • Catechin is known to have few side effects, but because it contains caffeine, excessive use of it can cause heartburn and insomnia. (moontore.com)
  • Green Tea Extract (Green Tea Extract/Polyphenols/Catechins/Caffeine) contains an herbal extract that is produced from the leaves of the camellia sinensis (green tea) plant. (unitedpharmacies.md)
  • Green Tea Extract (Green Tea Extract/Polyphenols/Catechins/Caffeine) capsules are taken by mouth. (unitedpharmacies.md)
  • Green Tea Extract (Green Tea Extract/Polyphenols/Catechins/Caffeine) is usually well tolerated in adult patients as long as excessive amounts are not consumed. (unitedpharmacies.md)
  • Green tea flavor mint tablets with matcha tea that contains catechins. (goodsofjapan.com)
  • Be warned, this isn't matcha and the high level of catechin makes it quite bitter! (yunomi.life)
  • The ISO 14502-1 and ISO 14502-1:2005 procedures were used for polyphenol and catechin analyses, respec tively. (scirp.org)
  • Catechin is a type of polyphenol, which is easily tasted of green tea. (moontore.com)
  • Tea polyphenols and catechins have gained prominence in determination of tea quality. (scirp.org)
  • We're investigating polyphenols and catechins for every word you can tack onto "anti": anti-inflammatory effects, antibacterial effects, antiviral effects, and more. (wonderlabs.com)
  • The name of the catechin chemical family derives from catechu, which is the tannic juice or boiled extract of Mimosa catechu (Acacia catechu L.f). (wikipedia.org)
  • The Immune Boost formula contains a very high dose of Green Tea Leaf Extract as well, which is catechin rich for additional antioxidant protection against free radicals. (xendurance.com)
  • Scientists believe catechins to be one of the important active substances that gives green tea extract its cancer-preventive and possibly curative properties in animal studies. (mythriftway.com)
  • We isolated catechin extract using Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) equipped with a modifier pump was used. (ktu.edu.tr)
  • In the clinical trials of green tea extract (catechin), it was demonstrated that Meta Green Slim can achieve a reduction in 9 body indicators including weight, waistline, and body fat. (awnews.org)
  • The post Green tea Extract Catechin Supplements for women, Vital Beautie Meta Green Slim first appeared on PressRelease.cc . (awnews.org)
  • Green tea Extract Catechin Supplements for women, Vital Beautie Meta Green Slim first appeared on Web and IT News . (awnews.org)
  • In this study, it is aimed to assess the effects of green tea extract catechin on cardiac function and other clinical features in pediatric patients with cardiomyopathies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study indicates that Ca 2+ desensitizing green tea extract catechin, is helpful in correcting the impaired relaxation in pediatric cardiomyopathy patients with diastolic dysfunction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we have tried to confirm the therapeutic effects of green tea extract catechin on diastolic dysfunction in pediatric cardiomyopathy patients by comparing the cardiac function before and after the treatment with catechin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The most common use is by drinking tea made from the dried leaves of Camellia sinensis plants which often contain high concentrations of catechins. (xendurance.com)
  • In the range of studied concentrations (1-300 μM), all the (epi)catechin sulphates caused a dose-dependent inhibition in NO production that even slight was statistically significant in most cases in relation to controls (LPS-activated cells without catechins), whereas the parent catechins did not show any effect in NO production in our experimental conditions. (edu.pe)
  • High concentrations of Catechin can be found especially in tea, cocoa, and kernel fruits. (chatimetealab.com)
  • Since in the production of green tea the fermentation is stopped immediately after cutting, the catechins can be found here in high concentrations. (kingnature.ch)
  • Catechins are a type of antioxidant that is found in high concentrations in green tea and other plants. (cha-no-wa.com)
  • Some of these catechin glucuronides retained the activities of their parent compounds in radical scavenging and in inhibiting the release of arachidonic acid from HT-29 human colon cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Therefore, in vitro assays aiming to elucidate the biological effects of dietary catechins should also consider their metabolites and not only the original compounds. (edu.pe)
  • The phenolic compounds catechin and caffeic acid that occur in white wine and have antioxidant effects, are also quantified in the same analysis. (unimi.it)
  • The many health benefits are due to the polyphenolic compounds and catechins that it naturally contains. (unitedpharmacies.md)
  • Catechins are dietary polyphenolic compounds associated with a wide variety of beneficial health effects in vitro, in vivo and clinically. (breakawaymatcha.com)
  • The amount of catechins in FOSHU products is displayed on labels as total catechin content, but the content of individual catechins are not provided. (scirp.org)
  • Tea Cultivar Types and their Individual Catechins, Karori Et al. (teetalk.de)
  • The biosynthesis of catechin begins with ma 4-hydroxycinnamoyl CoA starter unit which undergoes chain extension by the addition of three malonyl-CoAs through a PKSIII pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • The biosynthesis of catechin is shown below Leucocyanidin reductase (LCR) uses 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin to produce (+)-catechin and is the first enzyme in the proanthocyanidin (PA) specific pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, catechins help to prevent oxidative damage and stimulate metabolism in the human body. (xendurance.com)
  • These results demonstrated that chronic 0.05% green tea catechins administration may prevent oxidative stress related brain aging in female C57BL/6J mice. (breakawaymatcha.com)
  • Catechins are present as bitter substances in all 5 major tea varieties, which all come from the same tea plant Camellia sinensis . (kingnature.ch)
  • Catechin has a bitter and astringent taste which you could be found particularly in Green Tea, since the tea doesn't go through any fermentation process but is just steamed and dried after being picked off from the tea trees. (chatimetealab.com)
  • The more complete the fermentation process, the greater the influence on the catechins. (kingnature.ch)
  • During the fermentation process, the catechins lose their biological effectiveness. (kingnature.ch)
  • The obtained results suggested possible antioxidant and immuno-modulatory roles of the sulphated metabolites of catechins. (edu.pe)
  • Studies with gossypol and other cotton metabolites, such as rutin and catechin, found they could compromise alveolar macrophage function, gossypol having the greatest effect and catechin the least. (cdc.gov)
  • The concentration of catechins in wine tells a winemaker the extent of compound extraction from grape seeds. (calwineries.com)
  • The lighter-bodied the varietal is, the higher its catechin concentration. (calwineries.com)
  • Based on the degradation effect and kinetics , it was found that increasing the microwave time , microwave power , microwave temperature , sulfite concentration, and mass ratio of raw material to catechins was favourable for the degradation reaction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Catechins account for 10% - 20% of dry green tea leaves and those are described as being responsible for the bitter components of green tea. (scirp.org)
  • G. Goodarznia and A. Abdollahi, "Superheated Water Extraction of Catechins from Green Tea Leaves: Modelling and Simulation," Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2009, pp. 99-107. (scirp.org)
  • The oxidation process used to prepare black tea converts many of the lower molecular weight catechin constituents in green tea leaves to more complex phenolics. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • Up to 30% of the dry weight of green tea leaves is catechins. (mythriftway.com)
  • The active ingredient is catechin , a powerful natural antioxidant that's found in green tea leaves. (gochujar.com)
  • The Xendurance products Immune Boost and Essential contain large doses of catechins for the very purpose of providing antioxidant rich properties to help fight off oxidative stress and to boost the immune system. (xendurance.com)
  • Catechins' actions of attenuating oxidative stress and the inflammatory response may, in part, account for their confirmed neuroprotective capabilities following cerebral ischemia. (breakawaymatcha.com)
  • Phenols , specifically catechins, decrease as grapes mature. (calwineries.com)
  • Heart disease risk may be decreased by catechins' ability to lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and inflammation. (cha-no-wa.com)
  • ABSTRACT: The bioavailability of catechin highly relies on gut microbiota which may determine its metabolic profile, resulting in different health outcomes. (ugent.be)
  • Catechin is the basic monomeric unit of grape and wine tannins and caffeic acid, when esterified with tartaric acid, plays a relevant role in Grape Reaction Product (GRP) formation. (unimi.it)
  • The main dietary sources of catechins in Europe and the United States are tea and pome fruits. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results suggest that catechin may have a protective effect on gastrointestinal ulcers. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • Over a period of 4 h, catechin and sorghum condensed tannin encapsulated kafirin microparticles showed virtually no protein digestion but released approximately 70 and 50%, respectively, of total antioxidant activity. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Also, it is not a side effect of catechin itself, but it is recommended to avoid people who have anemia because the tannin ingredient which can be ingested when drinking green tea hinders the absorption of iron. (moontore.com)
  • The most noticeable health effect of catechin is its strong antioxidant effect. (kanestea.com)
  • The recommended daily intake of catechin is 300 to 1,000 mg, so drink 3 to 10 cups of water a day instead of water. (moontore.com)
  • We evaluated the effects of catechin, theaflavin, malvidin, cyanidin and apigenin on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in human intestinal-407 (Int-407) cells and rat primary gastric cells treated with ketoprofen. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • Various catechins and caf- feine are constituents of FOSHU tea-based beverages. (scirp.org)
  • Additionally, these same catechins have been shown to stimulate metabolism in mammals including humans. (xendurance.com)
  • Here, we investigated in vitro (+)-catechin metabolism by human microbial communities. (ugent.be)
  • Li Q, Van Herreweghen F, Onyango SO, De Mey M, Van de Wiele T. In vitro microbial metabolism of (+)-catechin reveals fast and slow converters with individual-specific microbial and metabolite markers. (ugent.be)
  • By enhancing insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, catechins may also help lower the incidence of type 2 diabetes, according to some research. (cha-no-wa.com)
  • Catechins, a type of antioxidant that has been demonstrated to speed up metabolism and aid in the burning of fat and calories, are abundant in green tea. (cha-no-wa.com)
  • The antioxidant properties of these catechins and their ability to inhibit carcinogen metabolism and stop damage to DNA may serve to explain their benefits in helping to prevent cancer. (unitedpharmacies.md)
  • Catechins and epicatechins are found in cocoa, which, according to one database, has the highest content (108 mg/100 g) of catechins among foods analyzed, followed by prune juice (25 mg/100 ml) and broad bean pod (16 mg/100 g). (wikipedia.org)
  • Catechins are found in barley grain where they are the main phenolic compound responsible for dough discoloration. (wikipedia.org)
  • An experiment was carried out to determine the level of catechins and polyphenols in 20 new clones found in two dis tinct tea growing areas. (scirp.org)
  • Catechins are a group of polyphenols naturally found in tea leaves. (xendurance.com)
  • Where are most catechins found? (xendurance.com)
  • Most catechins are found in tea leaves, where they can make up as much as 25% of the dry weight of a leaf. (xendurance.com)
  • The antioxidant properties found in catechins help protect cells from free-radical damage by giving them a defensive barrier and keeping the surfaces of your cells clear for normal cellular function. (xendurance.com)
  • Catechins are some of the exciting components found in tea, and part of the flavonoid family. (wonderlabs.com)
  • The Use of Catechins as Biochemical Markers in Diversity Studies of Tea (Camellia Sinensis)," Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Vol. 47, No. 2, 2000, pp. 107-114. (scirp.org)
  • Green tea prepared from processed leaves of Camellia sinensis, contains large amounts of polyphenols, most of which are catechins. (scirp.org)
  • The ANOVA results generated indicated that the level of catechins and polyphenols in tea were significantly different (p 0.05) and varietal dependent. (scirp.org)
  • It is concluded that the level of catechins in tea plants are varietal dependent, although environmental stress has effects on the synthesis of fla vanoids. (scirp.org)
  • Furthermore, the microbial metabolic rate of catechin enabled stratification of 12 participants (fast, medium, and slow converters), despite the interference from the strong intrinsic interindividual variability in fecal microbiota. (ugent.be)
  • In conclusion, metabolic-capability-based stratification allows us to uncover differences in microbial composition between fast and slow converters, which could help to elucidate interindividual variabilities in the health benefits of catechins. (ugent.be)
  • This Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Phase I project proposes to establish cost effective methodologies for the efficient production of catechins utilizing a microbial fermentation approach. (sbir.gov)
  • There were substantial interindividual differences in the metabolic profiles of (+)-catechin, with 5-(3 ',4 '-dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone being the major contributor. (ugent.be)
  • When consumed regularly, along with exercise and reduced meal portions - catechin increases fat burning and boost metabolic rates. (gochujar.com)
  • Catechins in green tea have various useful features including antioxidant activity and preventive effects on metabolic syndrome. (scirp.org)
  • Tea leaves contain large amounts of catechins and their derivatives and these have shown positive effects on human health. (scirp.org)
  • So grab your cup of tea and let's discuss the structure of catechins, how they work, and some health benefits associated with them. (xendurance.com)
  • Catechins are major polyphenols in many plant foods that have been related to health promotion. (edu.pe)
  • Various beverages that are enriched with tea catechins are marketed as Foods for Specified Health Uses (FOSHU) in Japan. (scirp.org)
  • Although health hazards of FOSHU products have rarely been reported, precise information about the content and types of catechins in FOSHU products is needed to ensure safety. (scirp.org)
  • The Consumer Affairs Agency of Japan has approved the marketing of catechin-rich tea beverages as FOSHU products due to the various health-pro- moting functions of catechins. (scirp.org)
  • Because adverse health effects of consuming green tea or catechin-rich tea beverages have not been reported, catechins are considered safe. (scirp.org)
  • As part of a healthy lifestyle, drinking green tea or taking supplements containing catechins may offer possible health benefits, but it's crucial to do so in moderation and consult a healthcare provider before doing so. (cha-no-wa.com)
  • Studies show that consumption of green tea (and all of its awesome catechins) positively affects cardiovascular health. (wonderlabs.com)
  • Catechins provide a wide variety of benefits for our body and our health. (diygardens.org)
  • Quantification of glutathione, catechin and caffeic acid in grape juice and wine by a novel ultra-performance liquid chromatography method / D. Fracassetti, N. Lawrence, A.G.J. Tredoux, A. Tirelli, H.H. Nieuwoudt, W.J. Du Toit. (unimi.it)
  • Furthermore, the results from principle component analysis (PCA) grouped the clones into three major clusters with one comprising of high quality assam varieties, a mixture of moderate quality as sam, cambod and chinary varieties and low catechin content assam anthocyanin-rich variety. (scirp.org)
  • Catechin was the most potent of the eight green tea polyphenols evaluated in promoting adipocyte differentiation in hBM-MSCs, and this effect was dose-dependent. (nih.gov)
  • however, (+)-catechin, the enantiomer of (-)-catechin, was not effective as a PPARgamma agonist, which seems to imply that the effect of (-)-catechin on PPARgamma is stereospecific. (nih.gov)
  • Tea catechin does not act very well on good bacteria, but it has a strong bactericidal effect on bad bacteria. (kanestea.com)
  • Tea has the purpose of washing away the fishy odor of sushi seeds left in the mouth, making it easier to taste the next seed, and preventing food poisoning due to the strong bactericidal effect of catechin contained in tea. (kanestea.com)
  • Catechin has the effect of suppressing the growth of this caries bacterium. (kanestea.com)
  • The ability to quench singlet oxygen seems to be in relation with the chemical structure of catechin, with the presence of the catechol moiety on ring B and the presence of a hydroxyl group activating the double bond on ring C. Electrochemical experiments show that (+)-catechin oxidation mechanism proceeds in sequential steps, related with the catechol and resorcinol groups and the oxidation is pH-dependent. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sulphation of (epi)catechin lead to a decrease in the antioxidant activity that was greater when the sulphate moiety was located in the catechin B-ring than in A-ring. (edu.pe)
  • In conclusion, our data suggest that (-)-catechin promotes adipocyte differentiation and increased sensitivity to insulin in part by direct activation of PPARgamma, which could be at the basis of the observed pharmacological benefits of green tea intake in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • These results provide foundations for understanding the biotransformation and biological activities of tea catechins. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In the present investigation, we studied the modulating effects of several tea catechins and bioflavonoids on DNA methylation catalyzed by prokaryotic SssI DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and human DNMT1. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These therapeutic properties have long been attributed to the catechins' antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects. (breakawaymatcha.com)
  • More immediately, catechins have antioxidant effects - working against free radicals, which can damage cells and DNA in your body. (wonderlabs.com)
  • Green tea stands out above all for its medicinal effects thanks to catechins. (diygardens.org)
  • The versatility of the mechanisms of action of catechins increases their therapeutic potential as interventions for numerous clinical disorders. (breakawaymatcha.com)
  • Tea catechins are thought to suppress the action of these enzymes to prevent starch and sucrose from becoming sucrose, and as a result, reduce the fat produced from sucrose to prevent obesity. (kanestea.com)
  • The method of catechin diet using green tea catechin ingredient is simple. (moontore.com)
  • Making reference to no particular isomer, the molecule can just be called catechin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies confirmed that (+)-catechin adopts a mixture of A- and E-conformers in aqueous solution and their conformational equilibrium has been evaluated to be 33:67. (wikipedia.org)
  • The catechin mixture was dissolved in water (2% w/v) and used for AuNP production. (ktu.edu.tr)
  • Catechin increased the mRNA levels of various adipogenic markers, such as adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), FABP4, and LPL, as measured during adipocyte differentiation in hBM-MSCs. (nih.gov)