Brazil
Rivers
Seasons
Psychodidae
Prevalence
Insect Vectors
Trees
Indians, South American
Socioeconomic Factors
Endemic Diseases
Cross-Sectional Studies
Epidemiologic Methods
Use of wood stoves and risk of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract: a case-control study. (1/13421)
BACKGROUND: Incidence rates for cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract in Southern Brazil are among the highest in the world. A case-control study was designed to identify the main risk factors for carcinomas of mouth, pharynx, and larynx in the region. We tested the hypothesis of whether use of wood stoves is associated with these cancers. METHODS: Information on known and potential risk factors was obtained from interviews with 784 cases and 1568 non-cancer controls. We estimated the effect of use of wood stove by conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for smoking, alcohol consumption and for other sociodemographic and dietary variables chosen as empirical confounders based on a change-in-estimate criterion. RESULTS: After extensive adjustment for all the empirical confounders the odds ratio (OR) for all upper aero-digestive tract cancers was 2.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] : 2.2-3.3). Increased risks were also seen in site-specific analyses for mouth (OR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.8-4.2), pharyngeal (OR = 3.82; 95% CI: 2.0-7.4), and laryngeal carcinomas (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.2-4.7). Significant risk elevations remained for each of the three anatomic sites and for all sites combined even after we purposefully biased the analyses towards the null hypothesis by adjusting the effect of wood stove use only for positive empirical confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The association of use of wood stoves with cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract is genuine and unlikely to result from insufficient control of confounding. Due to its high prevalence, use of wood stoves may be linked to as many as 30% of all cancers occurring in the region. (+info)A method for calculating age-weighted death proportions for comparison purposes. (2/13421)
OBJECTIVE: To introduce a method for calculating age-weighted death proportions (wDP) for comparison purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A methodological study using secondary data from the municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil (1980-1994) was carried out. First, deaths are weighted in terms of years of potential life lost before the age of 100 years. Then, in order to eliminate distortion of comparisons among proportions of years of potential life lost before the age of 100 years (pYPLL-100), the denominator is set to that of a standard age distribution of deaths for all causes. Conventional death proportions (DP), pYPLL-100, and wDP were calculated. RESULTS: Populations in which deaths from a particular cause occur at older ages exhibit lower wDP than those in which deaths occur at younger ages. The sum of all cause-specific wDP equals one only when the test population has exactly the same age distribution of deaths for all causes as that of the standard population. CONCLUSION: Age-weighted death proportions improve the information given by conventional DP, and are strongly recommended for comparison purposes. (+info)Chagas' disease diagnosis: comparative analysis of parasitologic, molecular, and serologic methods. (3/13421)
During the course of chronic chagasic infection, low parasitemia levels prevent parasite detection by current techniques such as hemoculture and xenodiagnosis. Since serologic tests have sensitivity but lack specificity, molecular assays based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been proposed as alternative tools for parasite detection in individuals with chronic Chagas' disease. A variable degree of PCR efficiency has been reported in the literature and illustrates the need for further evaluation of large numbers of chagasic patients. In this study, we compared an optimized PCR technique with hemoculture and complement-mediated lysis (CoML) in 113 individuals from or living in endemic areas of Brazil who had conventional serologic results that were either positive, negative, or inconclusive. The PCR amplification yielded positive results in 83.5% (66 of 79) of individuals with positive serology, 47.6% (10 of 21) with negative serology, and 46.2% (6 of 13) with inconclusive serology. Of 10 patients with negative serology and positive PCR result, eight (80%) had positive CoML, indicating that they could have been chagasic but were not mounting immune responses. The PCR results were also positive for all individuals who had positive hemoculture, for 37 individuals with negative hemoculture and positive serology, and for two of six individuals with inconclusive serology and negative hemoculture. Thirteen individuals living in nonendemic areas who had negative serology were used as a negative control group: 100% had negative PCR results. Our results show that the optimized PCR protocol used here was very sensitive in detecting the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi in chronic chagasic patients. The PCR and CoML results were well correlated in all of the groups studied, which suggests that our PCR protocol may be effective in the evaluation of cure in patients who receive anti-parasite treatment. (+info)Extensive cross-contamination of specimens with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a reference laboratory. (4/13421)
A striking increase in the numbers of cultures positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was noticed in a mycobacterial reference laboratory in Campinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, in May 1995. A contaminated bronchoscope was the suspected cause of the increase. All 91 M. tuberculosis isolates grown from samples from patients between 8 May and 18 July 1995 were characterized by spoligotyping and IS6110 fingerprinting. Sixty-one of the 91 isolates had identical spoligotype patterns, and the pattern was arbitrarily designated S36. The 61 specimens containing these isolates had been processed and cultured in a 21-day period ending on 1 June 1995, but only 1 sample was smear positive for acid-fast bacilli. The patient from whom this sample was obtained was considered to be the index case patient and had a 4+ smear-positive lymph node aspirate that had been sent to the laboratory on 10 May. Virtually all organisms with spoligotype S36 had the same IS6110 fingerprint pattern. Extensive review of the patients' charts and investigation of laboratory procedures revealed that cross-contamination of specimens had occurred. Because the same strain was grown from all types of specimens, the bronchoscope was ruled out as the outbreak source. The most likely source of contamination was a multiple-use reagent used for specimen processing. The organism was cultured from two of the solutions 3 weeks after mock contamination. This investigation strongly supports the idea that M. tuberculosis grown from smear-negative specimens should be analyzed by rapid and reliable strain differentiation techniques, such as spoligotyping, to help rule out laboratory contamination. (+info)Dual and recombinant infections: an integral part of the HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil. (5/13421)
We systematically evaluated multiple and recombinant infections in an HIV-infected population selected for vaccine trials. Seventy-nine HIV-1 infected persons in a clinical cohort study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were evaluated for 1 year. A combination of molecular screening assays and DNA sequencing showed 3 dual infections (3.8%), 6 recombinant infections (7.6%), and 70 (88.6%) infections involving single viral subtypes. In the three dual infections, we identified HIV-1 subtypes F and B, F and D, and B and D; in contrast, the single and recombinant infections involved only HIV-1 subtypes B and F. The recombinants had five distinct B/F mosaic patterns: Bgag-p17/Bgag-p24/Fpol/Benv, Fgag-p17/Bgag-p24/Fpol/Fenv, Bgag-p17/B-Fgag-p24/Fpol/Fenv, Bgag-p17/B-Fgag-p24/Fpol/Benv, and Fgag-p17/B-Fgag-p24/Fpol/Fenv. No association was found between dual or recombinant infections and demographic or clinical variables. These findings indicate that dual and recombinant infections are emerging as an integral part of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Brazil and emphasize the heterogenous character of epidemics emerging in countries where multiple viral subtypes coexist. (+info)Integrating homoeopathy in health systems. (6/13421)
Homoeopathy is a therapy which involves many components and three main agents: the patient, with his or her condition and personal characteristics; the medication used, with its composition and manufacturing procedure; and the physician, with his or her approach to treatment and concepts of health. The development of research and evaluation structures, combined with a critical education in the discipline, would help to improve practices and define homoeopathy's potential role in relation to the other therapies, both conventional and unconventional, used in Western health systems. (+info)Full results of the genome-wide scan which localises a locus controlling the intensity of infection by Schistosoma mansoni on chromosome 5q31-q33. (7/13421)
Three hundred million individuals are at risk of infection by schistosomes, and thousands die each year of severe hepatic disease. Previous studies have shown that the intensity of infection by Schistosoma mansoni in a Brazilian population is controlled by a major gene, denoted as SM1. We report here the full results of a genome-wide search that was performed on this population to localise SM1. Two hundred and forty-six microsatellites were used for the primary map, and only one region in 5q31-q33 provided significant evidence of linkage. SM1 was subsequently mapped to this region, which contains several genes encoding cytokines or cytokine receptors which are involved in protection against schistosomes. Three additional regions, 1p22.2, 7q36 and 21q22-22-qter, yielded promising, although not significant, lod-score values. These regions contain candidate genes encoding cytokines or molecules relevant to anti-schistosome immunity. (+info)Familial clustering of diabetic nephropathy in Brazilian type 2 diabetic patients. (8/13421)
There is evidence for genetic predisposition to diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients. However, there are few studies on type 2 diabetic patients, and most of those have been conducted on ethnic minorities or Caucasian individuals. The aim of this study was to ascertain the presence of an inherited predisposition to diabetic nephropathy in a sample of Brazilian type 2 diabetic patients. Families with two or more type 2 diabetic siblings were identified. Subjects with the longest duration of known diabetes were considered probands. Some 90 probands and their 107 diabetic siblings were studied. Urinary albumin excretion rate was measured in a sterile 24-h urine sample on at least three different occasions. Probands and siblings were classified according to urinary albumin excretion rate as normo- (<20 microg/min), micro- (20-200 microg/min), or macroalbuminuric (>200 microg/min). Patients with end-stage renal disease were included in the macroalbuminuric group. Macroalbuminuria was identified in 5.2% of the siblings of normoalbuminuric probands and in 24.1% of the siblings of macroalbuminuric probands (P = 0.024). In multiple logistic regression, the presence of diabetic nephropathy in probands (micro- or macroalbuminuria and end-stage renal disease) was significantly associated with the presence of sibling diabetic nephropathy (odds ratio = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.36-10.40, P = 0.011) adjusted for proband fasting plasma glucose and diabetes duration. Interpretation of these results should take into account the possibility that the families including siblings with diabetic nephropathy may have been overcounted and, on the other hand, that the siblings without diabetic nephropathy may have been undercounted. In conclusion, there is a familial aggregation of diabetic nephropathy in this sample of type 2 diabetic patients. (+info)I apologize, but "Brazil" is not a medical term or condition. It is the largest country in both South America and Latin America by land area and population. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, please provide more information and I will do my best to help.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "population density" is actually a term used in population geography and epidemiology, rather than medical terminology. It refers to the number of people living in a specific area or region, usually measured as the number of people per square mile or square kilometer.
However, understanding population density can be important in public health and medicine because it can influence various factors related to health outcomes and healthcare delivery, such as:
1. Disease transmission rates: Higher population densities can facilitate the spread of infectious diseases, particularly those that are transmitted through close contact between individuals.
2. Access to healthcare services: Areas with lower population density might have fewer healthcare resources and providers available, making it more challenging for residents to access necessary medical care.
3. Health disparities: Population density can contribute to health inequities, as urban areas often have better access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities than rural areas, leading to differences in health outcomes between these populations.
4. Environmental factors: Higher population densities might lead to increased pollution, noise, and other environmental hazards that can negatively impact health.
Therefore, while "population density" is not a medical definition per se, it remains an essential concept for understanding various public health and healthcare issues.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Rivers" is not a medical term or concept. It is a geographical term referring to large, flowing bodies of water that usually empty into a sea or an ocean. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!
Psychodidae is a family of small, delicate flies known as psychodids or moth flies. The term "psychodidae" itself is the taxonomic name for this group of insects, and it does not have a specific medical definition. However, some species within this family are known to be vectors of various diseases, such as Leishmaniasis, which is transmitted through the bites of infected sandflies (a type of psychodid).
Therefore, in a broader medical context, "psychodidae" may refer to the group of flies that includes potential disease-carrying species. It's important to note that not all psychodids are vectors of diseases, and many species are harmless to humans.
Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.
Insect vectors are insects that transmit disease-causing pathogens (such as viruses, bacteria, parasites) from one host to another. They do this while feeding on the host's blood or tissues. The insects themselves are not infected by the pathogen but act as mechanical carriers that pass it on during their bite. Examples of diseases spread by insect vectors include malaria (transmitted by mosquitoes), Lyme disease (transmitted by ticks), and plague (transmitted by fleas). Proper prevention measures, such as using insect repellent and reducing standing water where mosquitoes breed, can help reduce the risk of contracting these diseases.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "trees" is not a medical term. It is a common term used in various fields, including biology, ecology, and dendrology, to refer to a woody perennial plant with a single stem or trunk that supports branches and leaves in most species.
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, please provide more context so I can offer an accurate and helpful response.
I believe you are asking for a description or explanation of the indigenous peoples of South America, rather than a "medical definition." A medical definition would typically apply to a condition or disease. Here is some information about the indigenous peoples of South America:
The indigenous peoples of South America are the original inhabitants of the continent and its islands, who lived there before the European colonization. They include a wide variety of ethnic groups, languages, and cultures, with distinct histories and traditions. Many indigenous communities in South America have faced significant challenges, including displacement from their lands, marginalization, and discrimination.
According to estimates by the United Nations, there are approximately 45 million indigenous people in Latin America, of which about 30 million live in South America. They represent around 7% of the total population of South America. Indigenous peoples in South America can be found in all countries, with the largest populations in Bolivia (62%), Guatemala (41%), and Peru (25%).
Indigenous peoples in South America have a rich cultural heritage, including unique languages, arts, and spiritual practices. Many of these cultures are under threat due to globalization, urbanization, and the loss of traditional lands and resources. In recent years, there has been increased recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples in international law, including the right to self-determination, cultural heritage, and free, prior, and informed consent for projects that affect their territories. However, significant challenges remain, and many indigenous communities continue to face violence, discrimination, and poverty.
Socioeconomic factors are a range of interconnected conditions and influences that affect the opportunities and resources a person or group has to maintain and improve their health and well-being. These factors include:
1. Economic stability: This includes employment status, job security, income level, and poverty status. Lower income and lack of employment are associated with poorer health outcomes.
2. Education: Higher levels of education are generally associated with better health outcomes. Education can affect a person's ability to access and understand health information, as well as their ability to navigate the healthcare system.
3. Social and community context: This includes factors such as social support networks, discrimination, and community safety. Strong social supports and positive community connections are associated with better health outcomes, while discrimination and lack of safety can negatively impact health.
4. Healthcare access and quality: Access to affordable, high-quality healthcare is an important socioeconomic factor that can significantly impact a person's health. Factors such as insurance status, availability of providers, and cultural competency of healthcare systems can all affect healthcare access and quality.
5. Neighborhood and built environment: The physical conditions in which people live, work, and play can also impact their health. Factors such as housing quality, transportation options, availability of healthy foods, and exposure to environmental hazards can all influence health outcomes.
Socioeconomic factors are often interrelated and can have a cumulative effect on health outcomes. For example, someone who lives in a low-income neighborhood with limited access to healthy foods and safe parks may also face challenges related to employment, education, and healthcare access that further impact their health. Addressing socioeconomic factors is an important part of promoting health equity and reducing health disparities.
An endemic disease is a type of disease that is regularly found among particular people or in a certain population, and is spread easily from person to person. The rate of infection is consistently high in these populations, but it is relatively stable and does not change dramatically over time. Endemic diseases are contrasted with epidemic diseases, which suddenly increase in incidence and spread rapidly through a large population.
Endemic diseases are often associated with poverty, poor sanitation, and limited access to healthcare. They can also be influenced by environmental factors such as climate, water quality, and exposure to vectors like mosquitoes or ticks. Examples of endemic diseases include malaria in some tropical countries, tuberculosis (TB) in many parts of the world, and HIV/AIDS in certain populations.
Effective prevention and control measures for endemic diseases typically involve improving access to healthcare, promoting good hygiene and sanitation practices, providing vaccinations when available, and implementing vector control strategies. By addressing the underlying social and environmental factors that contribute to the spread of these diseases, it is possible to reduce their impact on affected populations and improve overall health outcomes.
'Bertholletia' is a botanical name that refers to a genus of large, evergreen trees in the family Lecythidaceae. The most well-known species in this genus is Bertholletia excelsa, which is commonly known as the Brazil nut tree. This tree is native to the rainforests of South America, primarily in Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia.
The Brazil nut tree is a tall, straight tree that can grow up to 50 meters in height. It produces large, woody capsules that contain 10-24 nuts, which are encased in a hard, brown shell. These nuts are a valuable source of food and income for people living in the Amazon region, and they are also exported worldwide as a popular culinary ingredient.
The genus Bertholletia is named after the French chemist Claude Louis Berthollet (1748-1822), who made significant contributions to the field of chemistry during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
A cross-sectional study is a type of observational research design that examines the relationship between variables at one point in time. It provides a snapshot or a "cross-section" of the population at a particular moment, allowing researchers to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition and identify potential risk factors or associations.
In a cross-sectional study, data is collected from a sample of participants at a single time point, and the variables of interest are measured simultaneously. This design can be used to investigate the association between exposure and outcome, but it cannot establish causality because it does not follow changes over time.
Cross-sectional studies can be conducted using various data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, or medical examinations. They are often used in epidemiology to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population and to identify potential risk factors that may contribute to its development. However, because cross-sectional studies only provide a snapshot of the population at one point in time, they cannot account for changes over time or determine whether exposure preceded the outcome.
Therefore, while cross-sectional studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying potential associations between variables, further research using other study designs, such as cohort or case-control studies, is necessary to establish causality and confirm any findings.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Urban Population" is not a medical term. It is a demographic term used to describe the portion of a country's population that lives in areas classified as urban. The United Nations defines an urban area as a city, town, or other agglomeration with a population of 20,000 or more. However, the specific definition can vary by country and organization.
In contrast, medical terms typically refer to conditions, diseases, symptoms, treatments, or healthcare-related concepts. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to help if I can!
Epidemiologic methods are systematic approaches used to investigate and understand the distribution, determinants, and outcomes of health-related events or diseases in a population. These methods are applied to study the patterns of disease occurrence and transmission, identify risk factors and causes, and evaluate interventions for prevention and control. The core components of epidemiologic methods include:
1. Descriptive Epidemiology: This involves the systematic collection and analysis of data on the who, what, when, and where of health events to describe their distribution in a population. It includes measures such as incidence, prevalence, mortality, and morbidity rates, as well as geographic and temporal patterns.
2. Analytical Epidemiology: This involves the use of statistical methods to examine associations between potential risk factors and health outcomes. It includes observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) and experimental studies (randomized controlled trials). The goal is to identify causal relationships and quantify the strength of associations.
3. Experimental Epidemiology: This involves the design and implementation of interventions or experiments to test hypotheses about disease prevention and control. It includes randomized controlled trials, community trials, and other experimental study designs.
4. Surveillance and Monitoring: This involves ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data for early detection, tracking, and response to health events or diseases.
5. Ethical Considerations: Epidemiologic studies must adhere to ethical principles such as respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. This includes obtaining informed consent, ensuring confidentiality, and minimizing harm to study participants.
Overall, epidemiologic methods provide a framework for investigating and understanding the complex interplay between host, agent, and environmental factors that contribute to the occurrence of health-related events or diseases in populations.
Simuliidae is a family of small, robust two-winged flies known as black flies or buffalo gnats. The term "Simuliidae" itself is the taxonomic name for this group of insects. They are called black flies because many species are dark in color, and they are often referred to as gnats or buffalo gnats due to their small size and annoying biting behavior.
Black flies are well-known for their medical significance, as they can transmit several diseases to humans and animals, including onchocerciasis (river blindness), leucocytozoonosis, and various forms of bacterial infections. The female black flies feed on blood from hosts, while males primarily feed on nectar.
These insects are typically found near bodies of water, where their larvae develop in flowing or standing waters with high oxygen levels. They have aquatic habits and undergo a complete metamorphosis during their life cycle, transforming from an egg to larva, then pupa, and finally into an adult fly.
In summary, Simuliidae is the medical term for black flies or buffalo gnats, which are small, robust two-winged flies with a medical significance due to their ability to transmit diseases to humans and animals.
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South America6
- Brazilian Portuguese: [bɾaˈziw] ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in South America and in Latin America. (wikipedia.org)
- As an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country, Brazil has the largest share of global wealth in South America and it is one of the world's major breadbaskets, being the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years. (wikipedia.org)
- Brazil covers nearly half of South America and is the continent's largest nation. (infoplease.com)
- Brazil is the largest country in South America. (export.gov)
- According to the United Nations Council on Trade and Development World Investment Report 2018, global FDI destined to South America increased by 10 percent as recessions in the two leading South American economies, Argentina and Brazil, ended. (export.gov)
- If we can find common ground with them on some key specific initiatives,' the U.S. relationship with Brazil and South America, as a whole, can be realigned, according to Noriega, an American Enterprise Institute visiting fellow. (voanews.com)
20194
- Visa Requirement Waiver: Beginning June 17, 2019 U.S. citizens, with a valid passport, may travel to Brazil without a visa for tourism purposes. (export.gov)
- On January 1, 2019 Brazil inaugurated a new President Jair Bolsonaro who declared that Brazil wanted the U.S. to be Brazil's number one trading partner - opening the potential for a stronger trade relationship with Brazil. (export.gov)
- President Donald Trump greets Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro during a news conference in the Rose Garden of the White House, March 19, 2019. (voanews.com)
- President Donald Trump speaks during a meeting with Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro in the Oval Office of the White House, March 19, 2019, in Washington. (voanews.com)
20202
- PPH: The U.S.-Brazil Patent Prosecution Highway (PPH) agreement which accelerates the examination process for corresponding patent applications filed in participating offices has been extended to April 2020. (export.gov)
- By 2020, Brazilian households will represent an annual market of around $1.6 trillion, up from $1.2 trillion in 2010. (bcg.com)
Jair Bolsonaro5
- The U.S. president, at a joint news conference with Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, also pledged American support for Brazil to join the 36-member Organization for Cooperation and Economic Development (OECD), which includes most of the highly-developed economies. (voanews.com)
- Danish architect Bjarke Ingels has defended his decision to meet with Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro and said he intends to work in the country in the future. (dezeen.com)
- Danish architect Bjarke Ingels has met Brazil 's president Jair Bolsonaro as part of a visit to investigate developing a tourism masterplan for the northeast region of the country. (dezeen.com)
- Veteran leftist Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva won a new term as Brazilian president Sunday, capping a remarkable political comeback to defeat far-right incumbent Jair Bolsonaro in a deeply divisive, down-to-the-wire runoff election. (lemonde.fr)
- Former Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva celebrates defeating incumbent Jair Bolsonaro in a presidential run-off election to become the country's next president. (lemonde.fr)
Janeiro5
- Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. (wikipedia.org)
- Together with the Brazilian Red Cross branch in Rio de Janeiro state, the ICRC teaches a first-aid course to residents in seven neighbourhoods lacking emergency or preventive health-care services. (icrc.org)
- Brazilian architect Rodrigo Simão has designed a house with a large scooped roof and circular swimming pool near Rio de Janeiro for himself and his family. (dezeen.com)
- Whether it's a business meeting in Rio de Janeiro or the best holiday destination in Brazil, a flight booked on lufthansa.com always guarantees you a comfortable and safe journey from Austria to your desired destination. (lufthansa.com)
- Brazil is the only country in Latin America that has show that it will be able to have larger distribution in multiple cities," Ferreirinha said, explaining that while 90 percent of international luxury brands are currently based in Sao Paulo, momentum was building for such brands in both Rio de Janeiro and the capital city of Brasilia. (businessinsider.com)
World's4
- Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. (wikipedia.org)
- In just two years, Brazil will host the world's other great sporting event: the Olympic Games. (nbcnews.com)
- What no one is even remotely concerned about now is a far bigger crisis looming in Brazil's future: In just over two-years' time, Brazil will host the world's other great sporting festival, the Olympic Games. (nbcnews.com)
- Brazil, the world's sixth most populous nation, with more than 210 million people, is one of the global hot spots of the pandemic. (aol.com)
20173
- U.S. FDI in Brazil (stock) was $68.3 billion in 2017, a 2.8 percent increase from 2016. (export.gov)
- Last year, the United States exported $66.2 billion in goods and services to Brazil - up 4.2 percent from 2017, and imported $36.1 billion in goods and services from Brazil - up 3.1 percent from 2017. (export.gov)
- In 2017, The direct investment position from Brazil in the United States was - $2.0 billion. (export.gov)
Paulo10
- SAO PAULO, Dec 2 2009 - With his slicked-back hair, neatly trimmed, close-cropped beard, and impeccably pressed suits, Luciano Coutinho looks like any other obscure Brazilian banker. (ipsnews.net)
- Banana plantation on Ribeira de Iguape river, São Paulo, Brazil. (ipsnews.net)
- I doubt the average person in Argentina realises how much their economy is being propped up by Brazil and the BNDES," one Sao Paulo economist, who asked to remain anonymous so as not to bring attention to his clients, told Al Jazeera. (ipsnews.net)
- SAO PAULO (AP) - The Brazilian government privatized operations at three of the nation's main airports on Monday, awarding $14 billion in contracts to three consortiums that will expand and run terminals amid booming demand and ahead of the 2014 World Cup. (salon.com)
- Paul Simons, Executive Secretary of the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (Cicad), the OAS division in charge of implementing Bidal in Brazil, attended the Project presentation along with the Brazilian National Secretary of Justice, Paulo Abrão, and the Representative of the UNODC Liaison and Partnership Office in Brazil, Rafael Franzini. (unodc.org)
- Brazilian firm MNMA has used render, wood panelling and limestone to complete the minimal aesthetic of this shoe shop in São Paulo . (dezeen.com)
- Exposed pipes painted pastel tones and a burnt pink ceiling are among the details Brazilian studio SuperLimão added during the renovation of an apartment in downtown São Paulo . (dezeen.com)
- Brazilian firm Reinach Mendonça Architects Associados has added a geometric concrete pavilion to a family home in São Paulo , offering a place for reading and entertaining. (dezeen.com)
- Miami is a nine hour flight away from São Paulo and Rio, where most of the Brazilian money lives. (forbes.com)
- The Brazilian people don't want to fight anymore," Lula said to loud cheers in a victory speech in Sao Paulo, where euphoric supporters clad in Workers' Party red flooded the city center. (lemonde.fr)
20161
- Orair R (2016) Investimento público no Brasil: trajetória e relações com o regime fiscal. (springer.com)
20188
- Between 2014 and 2018, the INTERPOL NCB in Brasilia coordinated more than 200 arrests of international fugitives in Brazil. (interpol.int)
- Open Skies: In May 2018, the U.S. and Brazil finalized the Open Skies agreement which expands opportunities for future air travel and commerce between the U.S. and Brazil. (export.gov)
- In 2018, Brazil was the United States' ninth largest export market, and our second-largest trading partner. (export.gov)
- Brazil was our 13th largest goods trading partner with $70.7 billion in total (two-way) trade in goods during 2018. (export.gov)
- In 2018, U.S. exports to Brazil accounted for 2.6 percent of our global exports, and imports from Brazil accounted for 1.2 percent of global imports. (export.gov)
- Lotta G, Favareto A (2018) Os arranjos institucionais de coordenação dos investimentos em infraestrutura no Brasil: uma análise sobre seis grandes projetos do Programa de Aceleração de Crescimento, 1st edn. (springer.com)
- This time, she reported the beating to the police at the "House of Brazilian Women" in Boa Vista, a facility opened in December 2018 that houses specialized police and a temporary shelter, and provides psychological and other support. (hrw.org)
- Saiu o Pharma Report Brazil 2018, com entrevistas dos representantes da indústria, do Ministério da Saúde, presidente da Anvisa e Secretário da SCMED. (bvsalud.org)
Steakhouse2
- He took ambassadors in Brazil from meat-importing nations to a Brazilian steakhouse over the weekend. (cnn.com)
- Texas de Brazil, is a Brazilian steakhouse, or churrascaria, that features endless servings of flame-grilled beef, lamb, pork, chicken, and Brazilian sausage as well as an extravagant salad area with a wide array of seasonal chef-crafted items. (opentable.com)
Brazilians1
- Six million Brazilians work in the meat production industry, according to the Brazilian Association of Meat Exporters. (cnn.com)
Latin American3
- According to America Economia magazine, 56 per cent of BNDES' Latin American loans outside of Brazil between 2007 and 2009 went to Argentinian firms or projects. (ipsnews.net)
- And Brazil is uniquely situated for growth compared to its Latin American counterparts. (businessinsider.com)
- A hobby linguist and Portuguese speaker, Prengaman also has a certificate in Arabic from the University of California, Los Angeles, a bachelor's degree in Spanish and English literature from Wabash College and a master's in Latin American Studies from Stanford University, where he wrote his Master's thesis on Pentecostal movements in Brazil. (ap.org)
Brasilia1
- Brazil's Workers party presidential candidate Dilma Rousseff gets into a car after a campaign rally at the bus station in Brasilia, Brazil, Tuesday, Sept. 28, 2010. (thedailybeast.com)
Brazil's1
- Viracampos airport in Campinas will be operated for 30 years by the Aeroportos Brasil consortium, made up of Brazil's Triunfo Participacoes SA and UTC Participacoes SA, along with a 10 percent stake held by France's EGIS Airport Operation. (salon.com)
Plateau2
- Brazil may be divided into the Brazilian Highlands, or plateau, in the south and the Amazon River Basin in the north. (infoplease.com)
- Most of Mato Grosso lies on the western extension of the Brazilian Plateau , across which runs the watershed that separates the Amazon River basin to the north from the basin of the Río de la Plata system to the south. (britannica.com)
Embassies1
- Brazilian embassies around the world consult INTERPOL databases each time a visa application is made. (interpol.int)
Deforestation2
- This unique environmental heritage positions Brazil at number one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest, as environmental degradation through processes like deforestation has direct impacts on global issues like climate change and biodiversity loss. (wikipedia.org)
- As an example, Torsten Krause highlights what happened 15 years ago when Brazil introduced laws to reduce deforestation: then many agricultural companies moved to Bolivia and Paraguay, where they razed large areas of forest to expand livestock farming. (lu.se)
Search1
- If you're looking for a specific brand like FashionTIY , you can search for 'FashionTIY heels in Brazil' on Google to explore their offerings and availability in the Brazilian market. (answers.com)
Portuguese9
- The territory which would become known as Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral, who claimed the discovered land for the Portuguese Empire. (wikipedia.org)
- Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. (wikipedia.org)
- The word "Brazil" likely comes from the Portuguese word for brazilwood, a tree that once grew plentifully along the Brazilian coast. (wikipedia.org)
- In Portuguese, brazilwood is called pau-brasil, with the word brasil commonly given the etymology "red like an ember", formed from brasa ("ember") and the suffix -il (from -iculum or -ilium). (wikipedia.org)
- Throughout the 16th century, massive amounts of brazilwood were harvested by indigenous peoples (mostly Tupi) along the Brazilian coast, who sold the timber to European traders (mostly Portuguese, but also French) in return for assorted European consumer goods. (wikipedia.org)
- The official Portuguese name of the land, in original Portuguese records, was the "Land of the Holy Cross" (Terra da Santa Cruz), but European sailors and merchants commonly called it the "Land of Brazil" (Terra do Brasil) because of the brazilwood trade. (wikipedia.org)
- Brazil was a former Portuguese colony and gained in independence in 1822. (answers.com)
- Porto Seguro: Located in Bahia, Porto Seguro is known for its historical importance as the site where Portuguese explorers first landed in Brazil in 1500. (answers.com)
- Bolsonaro, speaking in Portuguese, said his visit begins a new chapter of cooperation between Brazil and the United States, adding that with his recent election, 'Brazil has a president who is not anti-American, which is unprecedented in recent decades. (voanews.com)
Zika4
- An outbreak of Zika virus infection, a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, was first recognized in northeastern Brazil in early 2015. (cdc.gov)
- The Brazil Ministry of Health developed a case definition for Zika virus-related microcephaly (head circumference ≥2 standard deviations [SD] below the mean for sex and gestational age at birth). (cdc.gov)
- In early 2015, an outbreak of Zika virus, a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, was identified in northeast Brazil, an area where dengue virus was also circulating. (cdc.gov)
- The Brazil Ministry of Health (MoH) established a task force to investigate the possible association of microcephaly with Zika virus infection during pregnancy and a registry for incident microcephaly cases (head circumference ≥2 standard deviations [SD] below the mean for sex and gestational age at birth) and pregnancy outcomes among women suspected to have had Zika virus infection during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
Poultry1
- Most of the concerns have centered around Brazilian poultry, but other countries aren't taking any chances, temporarily banning all Brazilian meat imports. (cnn.com)
Nation's1
- Over the weekend, the Brazilian leader celebrated the U.S. Independence Day with the nation's ambassador to Brazil, then shared pictures on social media showing him in close quarters with the ambassador, several ministers and aides. (aol.com)
America's2
- South America's largest country and the fifth largest country in the world, Brazil has a total land area of 3,287,597 sq mi and has a total population of approximately 191,241,714. (answers.com)
- America's only 'Always Live' streaming station for Brazilian music. (live365.com)
Northeast1
- Festas Juninas , the Catholic feasts of Santo Antônio , São João and São Pedro are celebrated June 13, 24, and 29 respectively in many Brazilian cities, especially in the Northeast region . (wikipedia.org)
Dives1
- This guide is provides an overview of the Brazil market size, key players, opportunity then dives into topics such as costs of operation, rules/regulations and even local culture. (slideshare.net)
Election1
- There is this idea of her as a puppet, and sure, she's associated with Lula, and she owes her presidency to Lula,' says Dr. Miguel Carter, a professor at American University's School of International Service working in Brazil as an election observer. (thedailybeast.com)
Empire3
- Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. (wikipedia.org)
- Commemorates the end of the Empire of Brazil and the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic on November 15, 1889. (wikipedia.org)
- For years, Ben Brazil moved seamlessly between the Packer Empire and Macquarie. (smh.com.au)
Bank's2
- The private sector has gained unprecedented access to the bank's decision-making apparatus," Christian Poirier, the Brazil programme director for Amazon Watch told Al Jazeera. (ipsnews.net)
- In fact Ben Brazil is one of Macquarie Bank's best-paid bankers. (smh.com.au)
Imports3
- Industrial supplies and materials dominated, accounting for 29.3 percent of U.S. exports to Brazil, and imports were led by industrial supplies and materials, which accounted for 45.4 percent of U.S. imports from Brazil. (export.gov)
- Several countries this week have banned imports of Brazilian meat after police raided several meat producers last Friday for allegedly doling out bribes to inspectors to certify meat that was either rotten or tainted with salmonella. (cnn.com)
- China, Chile and Hong Kong suspended all meat imports from Brazil. (cnn.com)
Psychology1
- Psychologist profession has been the focus of significant set of studies in psychology in Brazil. (bvsalud.org)
Subcategory1
- Media illustrating events of 1958 in Brazil should be added into the subcategory Category:1958 events in Brazil . (wikimedia.org)
Lula1
- When Lula took office in 2003, he appointed her energy minister, and in 2005, she became the first female chief of staff in Brazil. (thedailybeast.com)
IPEA1
- According to data published by the Brazilian Economic Institute for Applied Research (IPEA), a public foundation, life expectancy in the area is 65 years compared with an average of 72 in the rest of the city. (icrc.org)
Exporters1
- Brazil represents an excellent market for experienced U.S. exporters across various sectors. (export.gov)
Market5
- In the present scenario, assets seized from criminal actions in Brazil may wait for years until the end of the legal action, losing their market value. (unodc.org)
- Compared to 2009, the majority of affluent consumers are more confident in the strength of the housing market in their country of primary residence, including Brazil, where many have raised the specter of a housing bubble. (forbes.com)
- Brazil may be a land of huge opportunity for luxury retailers, but any company looking to enter the Brazilian market should tread with care. (businessinsider.com)
- Ralph Lauren is a favorite among shoppers, Calvin Klein was recently reintroduced to the market, and Coach has also recently started operations in Brazil, he said. (businessinsider.com)
- Assessing tobacco tax reform and effects of the illicit market in Brazil. (who.int)
Years2
- A few years ago, she recounted some of her history during a special session at the Brazilian Senate when senior officials were questioned in connection with a financial scandal. (thedailybeast.com)
- Over the years Brazil senior built a multimillion-dollar rural portfolio that included stations and holdings in the Northern Territory and the Darling Downs. (smh.com.au)
Secretary2
- On June 4, Dominico da Gama, the Brazilian ambassador to the U.S., wrote to Secretary of State Robert Lansing declaring that Brazil was revoking its previous neutrality and severing its own diplomatic relations with Germany. (history.com)
- Until now, Brazilian diplomacy was a zero-sum kind of relationship, not aligned with U.S. interests and 'sort of hostile in certain ways, at least at the bureaucratic level,' former Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs Roger Noriega told VOA. (voanews.com)
Rainforest4
- It is currently a hub for ecotourism in the Amazon, thanks to its international airport, the only modern airport located in the heart of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. (answers.com)
- From the dense vegetation of the Amazon rainforest to the open sands of Atlantic beaches, Brazil encompasses a vast territory of more than 8.3 million square kilometers (3.2 million square miles). (nasa.gov)
- A board-marked concrete chimney raises this house designed by US architecture firm Olson Kundig to "hover" above its surrounding in the Brazilian rainforest. (dezeen.com)
- Brazil has opened up this part of the rainforest to agriculture, predominantly cattle farming, which creates a herringbone. (lu.se)
Growth2
- The Internet may already feel mature in America, but growth remains to be had in Brazil. (forbes.com)
- Slowing growth, a weakening currency, and inflationary pressures have all reared their heads in Brazil in recent quarters. (bcg.com)
Country5
- Categorised as a developing country with a high Human Development Index, Brazil is considered an advanced emerging economy, having the nineth largest GDP in the world by nominal, and eighth by PPP measures, the largest in Latin America. (wikipedia.org)
- Brazil is the largest South American country, with 16,000 km of land border and 8,000 km of coastline to protect against incoming crime. (interpol.int)
- Rainfall also varies across the country, but generally occurs throughout the year in most parts of Brazil. (answers.com)
- ATA Carnet: Brazil became the third country in Latin America to adopt the ATA Carnet which allows the free temporary entry of U.S. goods. (export.gov)
- High net worth home shoppers in the U.S. and U.K. were also surveyed, but what stuck out the most on Brazil was the fact it was the only country where having a house with a helipad registered as fairly important among wealthy house hunters. (forbes.com)
Launches1
- Just ahead of the meeting between the two leaders, the United States and Brazil signed an agreement to support American space launches from Brazil. (voanews.com)
Countries5
- The two leaders, who met for the first time Tuesday, also discussed their mutual support for Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido, who has been recognized as Venezuela's legitimate leader by most Western countries, including the United States and Brazil. (voanews.com)
- The two countries have never had particularly close relations, with Brazil traditionally wary of American influence in Latin America. (voanews.com)
- And bank officials have said its lending is a big reason why Brazil was one of the last countries to feel the effects of the global economic downturn, and one of the first countries to exit it. (ipsnews.net)
- MEXICO CITY (AP) - Peter Prengaman, a cross-format journalist and news manager who has reported from more than a dozen countries for The Associated Press, has been named news director for Brazil. (ap.org)
- It also sends a signal to organizations and communities in other countries that Brazil respects the statutory rights of Indigenous People, says Torsten Krause, senior lecturer at Lund University Center for Sustainability Studies, LUCSUS. (lu.se)
Atlantic2
- Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers (4,655 mi). (wikipedia.org)
- The leaders of the Western Hemisphere's two largest economies are pledging closer trade ties and enhanced military cooperation, with U.S. President Donald Trump even suggesting Brazil should be able to join the North Atlantic Treaty Alliance (NATO). (voanews.com)
Country's4
- For one thing, as The Wall Street Journal reported, the Brazilian real has been climbing steadily against the dollar, complicating the country's exports . (thedailybeast.com)
- Brazil exported $12.6 billion of meat last year, making it one of the country's biggest exports. (cnn.com)
- Since 2003, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Brazil has played a critical role in lending expertise and partnering with the Ministry of Health's (MOH) Secretariat of Health Surveillance to promote the use of new and innovative technologies to control the country's HIV epidemic and build sustainable programs. (cdc.gov)
- Researchers at more than 60 Brazilian labs will assess the replicability of research by their country's scientists. (nature.com)
Chile1
- China, Mexico, Chile, Japan, the European Union and Hong Kong have taken varying measures to avoid importing Brazilian meat. (cnn.com)
Commonly1
- Yes, heels are commonly worn in Brazil. (answers.com)
Diplomatic1
- CDC Brazil is dedicated to building important public health and diplomatic relationships between the Governments of Brazil and the United States in health prevention and promotion. (cdc.gov)
Vast1
- The capacity to take investigations beyond this vast expanse of territory to work with police forces the world over is crucial to safeguarding Brazilian national security. (interpol.int)
Officials1
- Top officials from FIFA, football's governing body, have consistently criticized Brazil for the lack of upgrades to the ailing air system. (salon.com)
Innovation1
- In partnership with the National Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Department, CDC-Brazil implements projects, studies and programs to introduce innovation and provide further evidence on successful approaches targeting key populations, and particularly MSM. (cdc.gov)
People1
- Some 200 million people live in Brazil, and nearly 85 percent of them are in cities. (nasa.gov)
Culture2
- Salvador: The capital of the state of Bahia, Salvador is known for its rich Afro-Brazilian culture, historic Pelourinho district, and lively Carnival celebrations. (answers.com)
- Miami gives them just enough Brazilian culture and warm weather so as not to get homesick. (forbes.com)
International7
- How INTERPOL supports Brazil to tackle international crime. (interpol.int)
- The Brazilian NCB is part of the 'International Cooperation General Coordination' unit of the Brazilian Federal Police. (interpol.int)
- Brazil ever was and is now free from warlike ambitions," da Gama stated, "and, while it always refrained from showing any partiality in the European conflict, it could no longer stand unconcerned when the struggle involved the United States, actuated by no interest whatever but solely for the sake of international judicial order, and when Germany included us and the other neutral powers in the most violent acts of war. (history.com)
- The agreement with OAS was drafted under a project for international technical cooperation between the UNODC Liaison and Partnership Office in Brazil and SNJ, which aims to strengthen SNJ's capacity for international judicial cooperation, extradition and combatting money laundering. (unodc.org)
- We have seen a surge in buyers from Brazil with our general real estate sales and even more so with the sales of our new developments such as One Thousand Museum," Daniel de la Vega, President of ONE Sotheby's International Realty in Miami, was quoted as saying in the report. (forbes.com)
- and other valuable articles are prohibited in Priority Mail Express International shipments to Brazil. (usps.com)
- This skill will be of great service as AP continues to break ground in telling the stories of Brazil," said John Daniszewski, AP's vice president for international news in New York. (ap.org)
Year2
- This category is NOT intended ONLY for photographs taken in 1958, nor is it intended for media uploaded or scanned in 1958, as the parent Category:Brazil by year goes in time past the invention of photography, scanners or computers. (wikimedia.org)
- As the expansion of its workforce weakens, it is critical for Brazil to improve productivity significantly in order to meet its goal of increasing GDP by more than 4 percent per year. (bcg.com)
Million3
- The BNDES has extended multi-million dollar lines of credit to companies involved in Brazil for everything from road construction, dam building, bridge building, museum refurbishing, public transport projects, mining companies, to slaughterhouses. (ipsnews.net)
- The financial press follows his exploits assiduously - he bought a $16 million Sydney Harbour waterfront property in Vaucluse in 2007 - but Ben Brazil has managed to keep a low public profile. (smh.com.au)
- In 2002, airlines flew 34.3 million passengers on flights originating in Brazil. (salon.com)
News1
- The two leaders 'agreed to take the steps necessary to enable Brazil to participate in the Department of Homeland Security's Trusted Traveler Global Entry Program,' according to a joint statement issued following the news conference. (voanews.com)
Amazon1
- Over a third of Brazil is drained by the Amazon and its more than 200 tributaries. (infoplease.com)
Profile1
- The BNDES, which falls under the auspices of the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade, keeps a low public profile even within Brazil, and does not go out of the way to publicise its work. (ipsnews.net)
