Branched DNA Signal Amplification Assay

Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques

Self-Sustained Sequence Replication

Sensitivity and Specificity

Encyclopedias as Topic

Nucleic Acids

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Semen Preservation

Branched DNA assay

List of MeSH codes (E05)

In situ hybridization

Precision diagnostics

Transfection

Viral load

Synthetic biology

Rolling circle replication

Schistosoma mansoni

TPX2

HIV

Molecular biology

Hydrogen peroxide

Single-cell analysis

List of RNA-Seq bioinformatics tools

Biosearch Technologies

BRCA1

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1

Herbicide

Glossary of genetics (M-Z)

Genomics

Haplogroup T-M184

Phytoplasma

William N. Rom

MTOR inhibitors

Glossary of genetics (0-L)

Single-cell transcriptomics

Polymerase chain reaction

Microfluidics

Dipshikha Chakravortty

Nucleic acid10

• In biology, a branched DNA assay is a signal amplification assay (as opposed to a target amplification assay) that is used to detect nucleic acid molecules. (wikipedia.org)
• The label oligonucleotide and the branched DNA then detects the immobilized target nucleic acid. (wikipedia.org)
• The branched DNA binds to the sample nucleic acid by specific hybridization in areas which are not occupied by capture hybrids. (wikipedia.org)
• The design of the branched DNA and the way it is hybridized to the nucleic acid to be investigated differs between different generations of the bDNA assay. (wikipedia.org)
• A number of nucleic acid-based detection methods can be used to detect low levels of HIV-1 RNA or DNA, including PCR (standard, quantitative competitive, real time, in situ), branched DNA signal amplification (bDNA), strand displacement amplification (SDA), transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA). (ucsf.edu)
• Many new nucleic acid-based diagnostic tools or assays have been developed that allow analysis of DNA and RNA molecules in clinical samples. (enzolifesciences.com)
• Nucleic acid probes are either a single stranded DNA or RNA with a strong affinity towards a specific DNA or RNA target sequence. (enzolifesciences.com)
• Ligand-binding assays that measure protein-protein, protein-small molecule, or protein-nucleic acid interactions using a very large set of capturing molecules, i.e., those attached separately on a solid support, to measure the presence or interaction of target molecules in the sample. (ctsicn.org)
• This test, using Hybrid Capture 2 technology, is a nucleic acid hybridization microplate assay with signal amplification. (cdc.gov)
• We present a new approach for relating nucleic-acid content to fluorescence in a real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. (smb.org)

Quantitative5

• The assay can be run as a high throughput assay, unlike quantitative Northern-blotting or the RNAse-protection assay, which are labor-intensive and thus difficult to perform on a large number of samples. (wikipedia.org)
• Quantitative assays for HCV RNA Tests to detect HCV RNA concentration (viral load) by amplification of viral genetic sequences or by signal amplification. (cdc.gov)
• Of the truly quantitative techniques, HIV-1 RNA assays of tissue homogenates held the greatest promise for objective cross-study comparisons. (mahidol.ac.th)
• Bacterial ability to form biofilms was verified using a crystal violet colorimetric assay and testing cell viability by real-time quantitative PCR and Plate Count assay. (frontiersin.org)
• HBV DNA (quantitative viral load) indicates viral burden and viral replication. (medscape.com)

Commercial assays1

• DiaCarta has other commercial assays, a line of human papillomavirus tests that use branched DNA technology licensed from Siemens. (genomeweb.com)

Quantification4

• An enhanced-sensitivity branched-DNA assay for quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma. (ox.ac.uk)
• The branched-DNA (bDNA) assay provides a reliable method for the quantification of HIV-1 RNA in human plasma and is considered one of the most reproducible assays ready for use in clinical trials. (ox.ac.uk)
• Further, quantification values obtained with the ES bDNA assay and the first-generation bDNA assay are highly correlated, thus allowing for meaningful comparisons of HIV-1 RNA levels in specimens tested with either assay. (ox.ac.uk)
• QuantiGene® 2.0 miRNA Assay -based on DIRECT quantification of the miRNA target using branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification technology and uses a microplate luminometer for the read out. (aykaltd.com)

Oligonucleotide3

• A series of oligonucleotide probe design and solution changes have been developed to enhance the sensitivity of the bDNA assay while maintaining its performance characteristics. (ox.ac.uk)
• The assay combines paired oligonucleotide probe design with branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification to robustly detect up to three RNA transcripts at the single-cell level using a standard flow cytometer. (technion.ac.il)
• Molecular probes can be broadly categorized into DNA probes and RNA probes, cDNA probes, and synthetic oligonucleotide probes. (enzolifesciences.com)

BDNA assay3

• Among the changes incorporated into the enhanced-sensitivity bDNA (ES bDNA) assay to reduce the background level and enhance the signal are the use of shorter overhang sequences of target probes for capture, the cruciform design of target probes for amplification, and the addition of preamplifier molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
• The ES bDNA assay is at least 20-fold more sensitive than the first-generation bDNA assay, yet it maintains a high level of accuracy, linearity, and reproducibility. (ox.ac.uk)
• The ES bDNA assay may be useful in determining the prognostic value of HIV-1 RNA levels of below 10,000 copies per ml and in assessing the clinical benefit of antiretroviral therapy-induced decreases in plasma HIV-1 RNA sustained at levels of below 10,000 copies per ml. (ox.ac.uk)

Immunoblot assay1

• Recombinant immunoblot assay. (cdc.gov)

Alkaline phosphatase2

• After binding of the target to the solid support it can be detected by branched DNA which is coupled to an enzyme (e.g. alkaline phosphatase). (wikipedia.org)
• Immobilized hybrids are then reacted with alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibodies specific for the RNA: DNA hybrids, and detected with a chemiluminescent substrate. (cdc.gov)

Viral1

• Qualitative RT-PCR for HCV RNA Test to detect HCV RNA by amplification of viral genetic sequences. (cdc.gov)

Molecules8

• The dish is peppered with small, single stranded DNA molecules (or chains) that stick out into the solution. (wikipedia.org)
• These are known as capture probe DNA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
• First, it creates more available surface area for target DNA molecules to bind, and second, it allows the assay to be easily adapted to detect a variety of target DNA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
• Several different short single-stranded DNA molecules (oligonucleotides) are used in a branched DNA-assay. (wikipedia.org)
• Next, the enzyme DNA polymerase I removes the native nucleotides from the probe molecules in the 5′→3′ direction (exonuclease activity) while replacing them with labeled dNTP precursors by virtue of its 5′→3′ polymerase activity. (enzolifesciences.com)
• Nick translation is efficient for both linear and covalently closed DNA molecules, and labeling reaction are completed in less than an hour. (enzolifesciences.com)
• RANK lacks intrinsic enzymatic activity in its intracellular domain, and it transduces signaling by recruiting adaptor molecules such as the TRAF family of proteins [8]. (plasignaling.com)
• Human signaling network development To establish a extensive human signaling network, we manually curated the cellular signaling molecules which integrated varied pathways sources together with BioCarta, literature mined network, Cancer Cell Map and HPRD. (fak-signal.com)

Enzyme5

• The branching of the DNA allows for very dense decorating of the DNA with the enzyme, which is important for the high sensitivity of the assay[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
• However, in clinical practice, the most common method for diagnosing established HIV infection is by performing a screening test (eg, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) and by confirming a positive result with a supplementary test. (medscape.com)
• Furthermore, the use of Taq or other thermostable DNA polymerases permits labeling reactions to be performed at higher temperatures via PCR, thereby reducing the incidence of enzyme-mediated point mutations during probe synthesis. (enzolifesciences.com)
• It involves randomly nicking the backbone of a double-stranded DNA with dilute concentrations of DNase I. At extremely low concentrations, this enzyme nicks a template at four or five sites, producing a free 3′-OH group that can act as a primer at each nicking location. (enzolifesciences.com)
• According to the prediction of bioinformatics software of Miranda, we showed that 5′-UTR regions of hsa-miR-124-3p, a mature sequence of human miR-124 precursor, could bind to 3′-UTR region of branched chain amino acid transaminase 1(BCAT1) gene, the enzyme that catalyzes branched-chain alpha-keto acids to branched-chain L-amino acids essential for cell growth [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Pathways3

• Modulates signaling in ERK, SRC and NF-kappa-B pathways. (cusabio.com)
• They are key regulators of brassinosteroid signaling and are also involved in the cross-talk between auxin and brassinosteroid pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
• In humans and animals, GSK-3/SGG are key regulators of a broad range of signaling pathways and their dysregulation responsible for a number of diseases or developmental abnormalities, both aspects abundantly documented in the literature. (biomedcentral.com)

Sequences3

• An RLU measurement equal to or greater than the Cutoff Value indicates the presence of HPV DNA sequences in the specimen. (cdc.gov)
• An RLU measurement less than the Cutoff Value indicates the absence of the specific HPV DNA sequences tested or HPV DNA levels below the detection limit of the assay. (cdc.gov)
• DNA and RNA are composed of linked sequences of nucleotides . (agemed.org)

Vitro2

• To enhance the osteogenic potential of stem cell sheet, we fabricated bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP-2 ) gene-engineered cell sheet using a complex of polyethylenimine-alginate (PEI-al) nanocomposites plus human BMP-2 complementary(c)DNA plasmid, and studied its osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. (dovepress.com)
• In vitro kinase assays showed that TaSK1 and TaSK2 possessed kinase activity. (biomedcentral.com)

Probe10

• Diagrammatically, the process can be resembled as Base → Capture Probe → Extender → Target → label extender → pre-amplifier → amplifier The assay can be used to detect and quantify many types of RNA or DNA target. (wikipedia.org)
• DNA/RNA probe assays are faster and sensitive so that many conventional diagnostic tests for viruses and bacteria involving culturing of the organisms are being fast replaced by molecular probe assays. (enzolifesciences.com)
• While culture tests can take days, molecular probe assays can be performed within a few hours or minutes. (enzolifesciences.com)
• A DNA probe is a labeled fragment of DNA that contains a nucleotide sequence specific for the gene or chromosomal region of interest. (enzolifesciences.com)
• The annealed primers ultimately become part of the probe itself, because the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I extends the primers in the 3′ direction and, in so doing, incorporates the label. (enzolifesciences.com)
• Specimens containing the target DNA hybridize with the HR HPV RNA probe cocktail. (cdc.gov)
• Trigging isothermal circular amplification-based tuning of rigorous fluorescence quenching into complete restoration on a multivalent aptamer probe enables ultrasensitive dete ction of Salmonella. (translationandethics.com)
• 2] Engineered G-quadruplex-embedded self-quenching probes regulate single probe-based multiplex isothermal amplification to light road lamp probes for sensitized determination of microRNAs. (translationandethics.com)
• Stepwise tuning of a molecular beacon coupled Y probe regulates ternary DNA nanomachine-based microRNA determination. (translationandethics.com)
• Delayed full opening of bumped switchable molecular probe enables repeated generation of target analogues for mix-to-signaling determination of microRNAs. (translationandethics.com)

Detection6

• This novel assay employs a proprietary fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique enabling simultaneous detection of up to three RNA transcripts in a single cell using a standard flow cytometer. (technion.ac.il)
• Detection and typing of HPV DNA in vaginal swabs (in conjunction with testing of NHANES sera for HPV antibody) will allow evaluation of trends in prevalence of type-specific HPV infection by age, sexual behavior, and race/ethnicity. (cdc.gov)
• It uses chemiluminescence for the qualitative detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in cervical specimens. (cdc.gov)
• After amplification the samples are typed by hybridization to the typing strips followed by colorimetric detection. (cdc.gov)
• However, product information on Roche's website claims its BRAF test detects mutations at less than a 5 percent mutation level, while DiaCarta claims its XNA method enables detection of less than 0.1 percent mutated DNA. (genomeweb.com)
• Powell added that the company is already able to perform V600E BRAF mutation detection on such a strip, although this version of the assay is not yet commercially available. (genomeweb.com)

Regulate1

• We subsequently use this approach to refine our understanding of pancreatic beta cell signaling dynamics, which regulate beta cell proliferation. (smb.org)

Detect2

• Despite the fact that the starting material is not preamplified, bDNA assays can detect less than 100 copies of HIV-RNA per mL of blood. (wikipedia.org)
• BCL2 antibodies targeted at different epitopes detect varying levels of protein expression and correlate with frequent gene amplification in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. (uams.edu)

Intracellular1

• Alternative splicing affects both the extracellular ligand-binding domains and the intracellular signal-transducing domains of the trks ( Barbacid, 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)

Binds1

• A veteran of Boehringer Mannheim and Roche Diagnostics, Powell helped develop the XNA method, which binds wild-type DNA "like Velcro," he said. (genomeweb.com)

Amplifies1

• It amplifies the signal (its target) and the noise (anything in the background). (planetwaves.net)

Inhibition1

• The concentration of the chemicals tested as anti-biofilm agents was chosen based on cytotoxicity assays: the highest non-cytotoxic chemical concentration was used for biofilm inhibition assays, with dendrimer concentration 10-fold higher than polyamino-phenolic ligands. (frontiersin.org)

Bind1

• EMSA and dual-luciferase reporter assays further confirmed that STM3 could directly bind the promoter region to activate FUL1 expression. (nature.com)

Fluorescence1

• By coupling a two-type stochastic branching process for PCR with a fluorescence analog of Beer's Law, the approach reduces bias and quantifies uncertainty in fluorescence. (smb.org)

Hybrids1

• The resultant RNA: DNA hybrids are captured onto the surface of a microplate well coated with antibodies specific for RNA: DNA hybrids. (cdc.gov)

Pathway2

• The classical NF-κB MGCD0103 datasheet signaling pathway involves the activation of the IKK complex, which phosphorylates IκBα and targets them for ubiquitin-dependent degradation [8]. (plasignaling.com)
• IKK is the major upstream kinase of IκBα in the NF-κB signaling pathway. (plasignaling.com)

Quantify2

• Quantify DNA, RNA, and protein in seconds using only 1-2 µL of sample-no need for dilution. (thermofisher.cn)
• The Invitrogen Qubit Fluorometer is designed to quickly and specifically quantify DNA or RNA. (thermofisher.cn)

Complementary1

• As the two-type branching process distinguishes between complementary strands of DNA, it allows for a stoichiometric description of reactions between fluorescent probes and DNA and can capture the initial conditions encountered in assays targeting RNA. (smb.org)

Distinct1

• Different tomato varieties require distinct inflorescence-branching structures to enhance productivity. (nature.com)

Probes4

• What are the Differences Between DNA and RNA Probes? (enzolifesciences.com)
• What are DNA probes? (enzolifesciences.com)
• A variety of methodologies for labeling DNA are used to generate end-labeled or continuously labeled probes. (enzolifesciences.com)
• Probes labeled by nick translation can be used in many different hybridization techniques including: chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), screening gene banks by colony or plaque hybridization, DNA or RNA transfer hybridization, and re-association kinetic studies. (enzolifesciences.com)

Hybridization1

• The assay entirely relies on hybridization. (wikipedia.org)

Diagnostic2

• We have a BRAF assay [for] a melanoma mutation, a resistance mutation" similar to Roche's US Food and Drug Administration-approved Cobas 4800 BRAF V600 companion diagnostic for BRAF mutation-positive metastatic melanoma. (genomeweb.com)
• Molecular Diagnostic and Prognostication Assays for the Subtyping of Urinary Bladder Cancer Are on the Way to Illuminating Our Vision. (who.int)

Polymerase1

• This assay uses Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping test that is based on HPV L1 consensus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with biotinylated PGMY09/11 primer sets. (cdc.gov)

Methylation2

• DNA methylation is one of the best known epigenetic mechanisms in cancer epigenetics. (biomedcentral.com)
• DNA methylation involves in the addition of a methyl (CH3) group to DNA with DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), thereby often modifying gene function through regulation of gene expression [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Dynamics1

• Flow Cytometry RNA Assay reveals the dynamics of RNA and protein expression within individual cells, facilitating unprecedented analysis of their correlation as the cell changes over time or in response to stimulus. (technion.ac.il)

Proteins1

• Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)

Mutation1

• Mutation of FUL1 could partially restore inflorescence-branching phenotypes caused by high STM3 expression in ST024. (nature.com)

Apoptosis3

• Signals to trigger apoptosis may come from within the cell or from outside, by stimulating suicide receptors in the cell's external membrane. (agemed.org)
• The DNA damage response (DDR) is a mechanism that protects cells against radiation-induced oxidative DNA damage by causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
• Ionizing radiation is well known to induce oxidative DNA damage, such as DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and consequently trigger the DNA damage response (DDR), including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)

Involves1

• On the other hand, we clarified the upstream mechanism regulating miR-124-3p expression in ESCC, which involves in the hypermethylation-silencing regulation mediated by DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1), which is of high expression in ESCC tissues and cell lines in the present study. (biomedcentral.com)

Gene expression2

• QuantiGene® Plex 2.0 Assays - Multiplex Gene Expression Analysis -provides DIRECT from lysate measurement of 3 to 36 target RNAs per well. (aykaltd.com)
• clinicians require high-resolution data on gene expression, but in standard real-time PCR and sequencing methods, unless a mutated gene makes up at least 10 percent of a sample, its signal is often swamped by super-abundant wild-type DNA. (genomeweb.com)

Genes2

• While a few important genes for tomato inflorescence-branching development have been identified, the regulatory mechanism underlying inflorescence branching is still unclear. (nature.com)
• A series of regulatory genes that have received much attention makes major contributions to inflorescence architecture in tomato by changing the inflorescence-branching pattern. (nature.com)

Cell4

• Using the PrimeFlow™ RNA Assay, specific cell populations may be analyzed for unique transcript expression levels or cell subsets evaluated over time to determine transcriptional regulation and protein expression simultaneously. (technion.ac.il)
• Cell Signal. (jefferson.edu)
• Assays on the cell culture showed that the genetically engineered cells released the BMP-2 for at least 14 days. (dovepress.com)
• The beta subunit contains a C-terminal domain which is involved in cell signaling, through phosphorylations and protein-protein interactions. (cusabio.com)

Target2

• Favorable inflorescence branching is always a major breeding target for achieving desirable production by balancing the sink-source relationship. (nature.com)
• The intensity of the light emitted denotes the presence or absence of target DNA in the specimen. (cdc.gov)

Capture3

• one that hybridizes to the capture DNA molecule and one that sticks out above the surface. (wikipedia.org)
• Caretti E, Devarajan K, Coudry R, Ross E, Clapper ML, Cooper HS, Bellacosa A. Comparison of RNA amplification methods and chip platforms for microarray analysis of samples processed by laser capture microdissection. (jefferson.edu)
• download by Amazon( FBA) is a event we refer databases that is them be their systems in Amazon's function views, and we badly Sign, Capture, and tie cross assay for these processes. (liebherr-bhb.de)

Primers1

• It also includes biotinylated β-globin primers as an internal control for sample amplification. (cdc.gov)

Development2

• Development of the PrimeFlow™ RNA Assay is based upon proven and well-published ViewRNA™ technology designed for microscopic analysis of RNA in cells and tissues. (technion.ac.il)
• STM3 is expressed in both vegetative and reproductive meristematic tissues and in leaf primordia and leaves, indicative of its function in flowering time and inflorescence-branching development. (nature.com)

High2

• High expression levels of STM3 underlie the highly inflorescence-branching phenotype in ST024. (nature.com)
• As with amplification, turn it up high enough and the signal and the noise blend into one thing. (planetwaves.net)

Platforms1

• The tests, currently for research use only, can be run in under two hours on existing real-time PCR platforms without a DNA extraction step, on a variety of sample types, the company claims. (genomeweb.com)

Samples1

• Our complete range of solutions addresses diverse research needs, from RNA to DNA analysis, a few to thousands of samples, and targeted to genome-wide analysis. (aykaltd.com)

Receptor1

• The trk receptors, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases including trkA, trkB, and trkC, serve as the principal signal-transducing receptors for the neurotrophins ( Barbacid, 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)

Acid1

• DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid. (cdc.gov)

Method2

• Nick Translation DNA Labeling System 2.0 to provide a simple and efficient method for generating labeled DNA. (enzolifesciences.com)
• PCR is an amplification method. (planetwaves.net)

Analysis2

• Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. (uchicago.edu)
• A phylogenetic analysis of land plant GSKs indicated that TaSK1 and TaSK2 belong to clade II of plant GSKs, the Arabidopsis members of which are all involved in Brassinosteroid signaling. (biomedcentral.com)