Birefringence
Microscopy, Polarization
Congo Red
Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological
Optics and Photonics
Glycols
Scanning Laser Polarimetry
Refractometry
Nerve Fibers
Organoids
Lasers
Diptera
Tomography, Optical Coherence
Echinodermata
Optical Fibers
Gamma-Actinin, a new regulatory protein from rabbit skeletal muscle. I. Purification and characterization. (1/338)
A new regulatory protein which we have designated as gamma-actinin has been isolated from native thin filaments of rabbit skeletal muscle. Depolymerized native thin filaments were fractionated by salting out with ammonium sulfate, and the precipitates obtained at 40--60% ammonium sulfate saturation were further subjected to DEAE-Sephadex and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The purified gamma-actinin was shown to have a chain weight of 35,000 daltons and had a strong inhibitory action on the polymerization of G-actin. The results of amino acid analysis indicated a unique amino acid composition of gamma-actinin as compared with other structural proteins of muscle. Non-polar and neutral amino acid residues were abundant. One cysteine residue was contained per one molecule of gamma-actinin and played a critical role in the maintenance of the inhibitory activity. Pelleting of gamma-actinin with F-actin showed that gamma-actinin binds to F-action. (+info)Single-polymer dynamics in steady shear flow. (2/338)
The conformational dynamics of individual, flexible polymers in steady shear flow were directly observed by the use of video fluorescence microscopy. The probability distribution for the molecular extension was determined as a function of shear rate, gamma;, for two different polymer relaxation times, tau. In contrast to the behavior in pure elongational flow, the average polymer extension in shear flow does not display a sharp coil-stretch transition. Large, aperiodic temporal fluctuations were observed, consistent with end-over-end tumbling of the molecule. The rate of these fluctuations (relative to the relaxation rate) increased as the Weissenberg number, gamma;tau, was increased. (+info)Electric birefringence of recombinant spectrin segments 14, 14-15, 14-16, and 14-17 from Drosophila alpha-spectrin. (3/338)
Members of the spectrin protein family can be found in many different cells and organisms. In all cases studied, the major functional role of these proteins is believed to be structural rather than enzymatic. All spectrin proteins are highly elongated and consist mainly of homologous repeats that constitute rigid segments connected in tandem. It is commonly believed that the details of the spectrin function depend critically on the flexibility of the links between the segments. Here we report on a work addressing this question by studying the transient electric birefringence of recombinant spectrin fragments consisting of segments 14, 14-15, 14-16, and 14-17, respectively, from Drosophila alpha-spectrin. Transient electric birefringence depends sharply on both molecular length and flexibility. We found that the birefringence relaxation time of segment 14 measured at 4 degrees C, but scaled to what is expected at 20 degrees C, equals 16 ns (+/-15%) at pH 7.5 and ionic strength 6 mM. This is consistent with this single segment being rigid, 5 nm long and having an axial ratio equal to about two. Under the same conditions, segments 14-15, 14-16 and 14-17 show relaxation times of 45, 39 and 164 ns (all +/-20%), respectively, scaled to what is expected at 20 degrees C. When the temperature is increased to 37 degrees C the main relaxation time for each of these multisegment fragments, scaled to what is expected at 20 degrees C, increased to 46, 80, and 229 ns (all +/-20%), respectively. When the ionic strength and the Debye shielding is low, the dynamics of these short fragments even at physiological temperature is nearly the same as for fully extended weakly bending rods with the same lengths and axial ratios. When the ionic strength is increased to 85 mM, the main relaxation time for each of these multisegment fragments is reduced 20-50% which suggests that at physiological salt and temperature conditions the links in 2-4-segment-long fragments exhibit significant thermally induced flexing. Provided that the recombinant spectrin fragments can serve as a model for native spectrin, this implies that, at physiological conditions, the overall conformational dynamics of a native spectrin protein containing 20-40 segments equals that of a flexible polymer. (+info)Designing conditions for in vitro formation of amyloid protofilaments and fibrils. (4/338)
We have been able to convert a small alpha/beta protein, acylphosphatase, from its soluble and native form into insoluble amyloid fibrils of the type observed in a range of pathological conditions. This was achieved by allowing slow growth in a solution containing moderate concentrations of trifluoroethanol. When analyzed with electron microscopy, the protein aggregate present in the sample after long incubation times consisted of extended, unbranched filaments of 30-50 A in width that assemble subsequently into higher order structures. This fibrillar material possesses extensive beta-sheet structure as revealed by far-UV CD and IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the fibrils exhibit Congo red birefringence, increased fluorescence with thioflavine T and cause a red-shift of the Congo red absorption spectrum. All of these characteristics are typical of amyloid fibrils. The results indicate that formation of amyloid occurs when the native fold of a protein is destabilized under conditions in which noncovalent interactions, and in particular hydrogen bonding, within the polypeptide chain remain favorable. We suggest that amyloid formation is not restricted to a small number of protein sequences but is a property common to many, if not all, natural polypeptide chains under appropriate conditions. (+info)Electric field-induced transient birefringence and light scattering of synthetic liposomes. (5/338)
The dynamics of electric field-induced transient birefringence Deltan(t) and light scattering (detected as turbidity) of 190 nm diameter unilamellar vesicles of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine are investigated as a function of applied field strength E, length of the square pulse Deltat, lipid concentration, mean hydrodynamic diameterBiomechanical, histological and immunohistological studies of patellar cartilage in an ovine model of osteoarthritis induced by lateral meniscectomy. (6/338)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biomechanical, histological and immunohistochemical changes induced in patellar articular cartilage (AC) in ovine stifle joints 3 months after bilateral lateral meniscectomy, a procedure known to induce experimental osteoarthritis (OA) in the femoro-tibial joint (FTJ). METHODOLOGY: Fifteen mature adult Merino female sheep were used in this study. Ten were subjected to bilateral-lateral meniscectomy, while the remaining five were used as 'non-operated controls' (NOC). All animals were killed 3 months post-surgery. Topographical biomechanical indentation tests were performed on each patellae using a UMIS-2000 micro-indentation system. Initial load, relaxed and unload shear moduli were determined using an elastic analytical model, while the permeability was assessed by comparing the indentation response to a simulated indentation test conducted using a poroelastic finite element model. Immunohistochemical, normal and polarized histological studies were performed on each specimen after biomechanical testing. RESULTS: Patellar AC from meniscectomized joints exhibited an overall decrease in initial (-34%), relaxed (-32%) and unload shear modulus (-22%), and an increase in the permeability (+72%) relative to NOC cartilage (P< 0.01). The most significant differences in mechanical properties occurred on the lateral and central aspects of the patellae. There were no significant histological difference in staining between sections from NOC and meniscectomized joint AC using Toluidine Blue, a dye which binds to proteoglycans. However immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody MAb 3B3(-), a putative marker of early OA change in PGs, demonstrated increased binding in the lateral and central regions of patellar sections from meniscectomized joints relative to the same regions of NOC AC. Moreover polarized light microscopy of Picro Sirius red stained sections revealed a significant decrease in birefringence intensity in the superficial-middle zones of the lateral and central regions of the patellar cartilage derived from the meniscectomized joints. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated that lateral meniscectomy is a procedure which was known to induce classical OA like changes in AC and subchondral bone of the FTJ also produced an early pathological response in the patellar AC. (+info)Calculation of protein form birefringence using the finite element method. (7/338)
An approach based on the finite element method (FEM) is employed to calculate the optical properties of macromolecules, specifically form birefringence. Macromolecules are treated as arbitrarily shaped particles suspended in a solvent of refraction index n1. The form birefringence of the solution is calculated as the difference in its refractive index when all the particles of refractive index n2 are either parallel to or normal to the direction of the polarization of light. Since the particles of interest are small compared to the wavelength of light, a quasi-static approximation for the refractive index is used, i.e., that it is equal to the square root of the dielectric constant of the suspension. The average dielectric constant of the mixture is calculated using the finite element method. This approach has been tested for ellipsoidal particles and a good agreement with theoretical results has been obtained. Also, numerical results for the motor domains of ncd and kinesin, small arbitrarily shaped proteins with known x-ray structures, show reasonable agreement with the experimental data obtained from transient electric birefringence experiments. (+info)The effects of increasing the reverse curve of Spee in a lower archwire examined using a dynamic photo-elastic gelatine model. (8/338)
This paper describes the development and testing of a dynamic in vitro photo-elastic model for evaluating the effects of orthodontic mechanics on an entire arch of teeth. A model of a mandibular arch was made and the teeth were embedded in a gelatine material with a high level of mechanical creep which permitted tooth movement in response to orthodontic forces. The excellent photo-elastic properties of this material also facilitated the analysis of the stress distribution around the roots of the teeth. The model of a mandibular arch was used to investigate the tooth movements and stress distributions produced by increasing the reverse curve of Spee in a 0.018 x 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire. The results revealed that a 1-mm reverse curve of Spee increased the arch length by 1.6 mm, but increasing the reverse curve of Spee to 5 mm did not increase arch length further. Photo-elastic analysis showed an increased stress distribution around the roots of the incisors and molars as the reverse curve of Spee was increased in the archwire. (+info)Birefringence is a property of certain materials, such as crystals and some plastics, to split a beam of light into two separate beams with different polarization states and refractive indices when the light passes through the material. This phenomenon arises due to the anisotropic structure of these materials, where their physical properties vary depending on the direction of measurement.
When a unpolarized or partially polarized light beam enters a birefringent material, it gets separated into two orthogonally polarized beams called the ordinary and extraordinary rays. These rays propagate through the material at different speeds due to their distinct refractive indices, resulting in a phase delay between them. Upon exiting the material, the recombination of these two beams can produce various optical effects, such as double refraction or interference patterns, depending on the thickness and orientation of the birefringent material and the polarization state of the incident light.
Birefringence has numerous applications in optics, including waveplates, polarizing filters, stress analysis, and microscopy techniques like phase contrast and differential interference contrast imaging.
Polarized light microscopy is a type of microscopy that uses polarized light to enhance contrast and reveal unique optical properties in specimens. In this technique, a polarizing filter is placed under the light source, which polarizes the light as it passes through. The specimen is then illuminated with this linearly polarized light. As the light travels through the specimen, its plane of polarization may be altered due to birefringence, a property of certain materials that causes the light to split into two separate rays with different refractive indices.
A second polarizing filter, called an analyzer, is placed in the light path between the objective and the eyepiece. The orientation of this filter can be adjusted to either allow or block the transmission of light through the microscope. When the polarizer and analyzer are aligned perpendicularly, no light will pass through if the specimen does not exhibit birefringence. However, if the specimen has birefringent properties, it will cause the plane of polarization to rotate, allowing some light to pass through the analyzer and create a contrasting image.
Polarized light microscopy is particularly useful for observing structures in minerals, crystals, and certain biological materials like collagen fibers, muscle proteins, and starch granules. It can also be used to study stress patterns in plastics and other synthetic materials.
Congo Red is a synthetic diazo dye that is commonly used in histology and pathology for stainings and tests. It is particularly useful in identifying amyloid deposits in tissues, which are associated with various diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, and systemic amyloidosis.
When Congo Red binds to amyloid fibrils, it exhibits a characteristic apple-green birefringence under polarized light microscopy. Additionally, Congo Red stained amyloid deposits show a shift in their emission spectrum when excited with circularly polarized light, a phenomenon known as dichroism. These properties make Congo Red a valuable tool for the diagnosis and study of amyloidosis and other protein misfolding disorders.
It is important to note that Congo Red staining should be performed with care, as it can be toxic and carcinogenic if not handled properly.
Diagnostic techniques in ophthalmology refer to the various methods and tests used by eye specialists (ophthalmologists) to examine, evaluate, and diagnose conditions related to the eyes and visual system. Here are some commonly used diagnostic techniques:
1. Visual Acuity Testing: This is a basic test to measure the sharpness of a person's vision. It typically involves reading letters or numbers from an eye chart at a specific distance.
2. Refraction Test: This test helps determine the correct lens prescription for glasses or contact lenses by measuring how light is bent as it passes through the cornea and lens.
3. Slit Lamp Examination: A slit lamp is a microscope that allows an ophthalmologist to examine the structures of the eye, including the cornea, iris, lens, and retina, in great detail.
4. Tonometry: This test measures the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure) to detect conditions like glaucoma. Common methods include applanation tonometry and non-contact tonometry.
5. Retinal Imaging: Several techniques are used to capture images of the retina, including fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). These tests help diagnose conditions like macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal detachments.
6. Color Vision Testing: This test evaluates a person's ability to distinguish between different colors, which can help detect color vision deficiencies or neurological disorders affecting the visual pathway.
7. Visual Field Testing: This test measures a person's peripheral (or side) vision and can help diagnose conditions like glaucoma, optic nerve damage, or brain injuries.
8. Pupillary Reactions Tests: These tests evaluate how the pupils respond to light and near objects, which can provide information about the condition of the eye's internal structures and the nervous system.
9. Ocular Motility Testing: This test assesses eye movements and alignment, helping diagnose conditions like strabismus (crossed eyes) or nystagmus (involuntary eye movement).
10. Corneal Topography: This non-invasive imaging technique maps the curvature of the cornea, which can help detect irregularities, assess the fit of contact lenses, and plan refractive surgery procedures.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Optics and Photonics" is a broad field that encompasses various scientific and engineering disciplines. It doesn't have a specific medical definition, as it's not a term typically used in a medical context.
However, I can provide a general definition:
Optics is the study of light and its interactions with matter. This includes how light is produced, controlled, transmitted, and detected. It involves phenomena such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference.
Photonics, on the other hand, is a branch of optics that deals with the generation, detection, and manipulation of individual photons, the basic units of light. Photonics is often applied to technologies such as lasers, fiber optics, and optical communications.
In a medical context, these fields might be used in various diagnostic and therapeutic applications, such as endoscopes, ophthalmic devices, laser surgery, and imaging technologies like MRI and CT scans. But the terms "Optics" and "Photonics" themselves are not medical conditions or treatments.
Glycols are a type of organic compound that contain two hydroxyl (OH) groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms. They are colorless, odorless, and have a sweet taste. The most common glycols are ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. Ethylene glycol is widely used as an automotive antifreeze and in the manufacture of polyester fibers and resins, while propylene glycol is used as a food additive, in pharmaceuticals, and as a solvent in various industries. Glycols are also used as a coolant, humectant, and in the production of unsaturated polyester resins. Exposure to high levels of glycols can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and ingestion can be harmful or fatal.
Scanning Laser Polarimetry (SLP) is not primarily a medical term, but a technique that has been applied in medical research and diagnostics. It's a non-invasive method used to analyze the polarization of light as it interacts with biological tissues.
In a simpler sense, SLP uses laser light, which is polarized (meaning all the light waves vibrate in the same plane), to scan tissue. As this light interacts with the tissue, changes in the polarization of the light can occur due to various factors such as the structure and composition of the tissue. By analyzing these changes, SLP can provide information about the tissue's properties, which can be useful in the detection and diagnosis of certain medical conditions.
For example, it has been used in research related to diagnosing diseases like glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease by analyzing the polarization changes in the eye's retina and the brain's cortex, respectively. However, it's important to note that while SLP has shown promise in these areas, it is not yet widely used in clinical settings.
Refractometry is a medical laboratory technique used to measure the refractive index of a substance, typically a liquid. The refractive index is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in the substance being measured. In a clinical setting, refractometry is often used to determine the concentration of total solids in a fluid, such as urine or serum, by measuring the angle at which light passes through the sample. This information can be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of various medical conditions, including dehydration, kidney disease, and diabetes. Refractometry is also used in the field of optometry to measure the refractive error of the eye, or the amount and type of correction needed to provide clear vision.
Nerve fibers are specialized structures that constitute the long, slender processes (axons) of neurons (nerve cells). They are responsible for conducting electrical impulses, known as action potentials, away from the cell body and transmitting them to other neurons or effector organs such as muscles and glands. Nerve fibers are often surrounded by supportive cells called glial cells and are grouped together to form nerve bundles or nerves. These fibers can be myelinated (covered with a fatty insulating sheath called myelin) or unmyelinated, which influences the speed of impulse transmission.
Organoids are 3D tissue cultures grown from stem cells that mimic the structure and function of specific organs. They are used in research to study development, disease, and potential treatments. The term "organoid" refers to the fact that these cultures can organize themselves into structures that resemble rudimentary organs, with differentiated cell types arranged in a pattern similar to their counterparts in the body. Organoids can be derived from various sources, including embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), or adult stem cells, and they provide a valuable tool for studying complex biological processes in a controlled laboratory setting.
A laser is not a medical term per se, but a physical concept that has important applications in medicine. The term "LASER" stands for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation." It refers to a device that produces and amplifies light with specific characteristics, such as monochromaticity (single wavelength), coherence (all waves moving in the same direction), and high intensity.
In medicine, lasers are used for various therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, including surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology, and dentistry. They can be used to cut, coagulate, or vaporize tissues with great precision, minimizing damage to surrounding structures. Additionally, lasers can be used to detect and measure physiological parameters, such as blood flow and oxygen saturation.
It's important to note that while lasers are powerful tools in medicine, they must be used by trained professionals to ensure safe and effective treatment.
Diptera is an order of insects that includes flies, mosquitoes, and gnats. The name "Diptera" comes from the Greek words "di," meaning two, and "pteron," meaning wing. This refers to the fact that all members of this order have a single pair of functional wings for flying, while the other pair is reduced to small knob-like structures called halteres, which help with balance and maneuverability during flight.
Some common examples of Diptera include houseflies, fruit flies, horseflies, tsetse flies, and midges. Many species in this order are important pollinators, while others can be significant pests or disease vectors. The study of Diptera is called dipterology.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses low-coherence light to capture high-resolution cross-sectional images of biological tissues, particularly the retina and other ocular structures. OCT works by measuring the echo time delay of light scattered back from different depths within the tissue, creating a detailed map of the tissue's structure. This technique is widely used in ophthalmology to diagnose and monitor various eye conditions such as macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma.
Echinodermata is a phylum in the animal kingdom that includes various marine organisms such as sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, brittle stars, and sea cucumbers. The name Echinodermata comes from the Greek words "echinos," meaning spiny, and "derma," meaning skin, which refers to the characteristic spiny skin of many echinoderms.
Echinoderms are bilaterally symmetrical as larvae but become radially symmetrical as adults, with their bodies organized around a central axis. They have a unique water vascular system that helps them move and respire, and most species have specialized structures called pedicellariae that help them clean and defend themselves.
Echinoderms are also known for their ability to regenerate lost body parts, and some species can even undergo asexual reproduction through fragmentation. They play important ecological roles in marine ecosystems, including grazing on algae and other organisms, breaking down organic matter, and serving as prey for larger animals.
Liquid crystals (LCs) are not exclusive to the medical field, but they do have important applications in medicine, particularly in the development of display technologies for medical devices. Here is a general definition:
Liquid crystals are a state of matter that possess properties between those of conventional liquids and solid crystals. They can flow like liquids but have molecules oriented in a way that they can reflect light, creating birefringence. This unique property makes them useful in various applications, such as LCDs (liquid crystal displays) found in many electronic devices, including medical equipment.
In the context of medicine, liquid crystals are primarily used in LCD screens for medical devices like monitors, imaging systems, and diagnostic equipment. They enable high-resolution, clear, and adjustable visualization of medical images, which is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Medical Definition of Optical Fibers:
Optical fibers are thin, transparent strands of glass or plastic fiber that are designed to transmit light along their length. In the medical field, optical fibers are used in various applications such as illumination, imaging, and data transmission. For instance, they are used in flexible endoscopes to provide illumination and visualization inside the body during diagnostic or surgical procedures. They are also used in optical communication systems for transmitting information in the form of light signals within medical devices or between medical facilities. The use of optical fibers allows for minimally invasive procedures, improved image quality, and increased data transmission rates.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but there seems to be a misunderstanding. Mathematics is not a medical term; it is a branch of science dedicated to the study of numbers, shapes, and structures. However, mathematics does have many applications in medicine, such as in modeling disease spread, analyzing medical images, or designing clinical trials. If you have any questions related to mathematics in a medical context, I'd be happy to help clarify those for you!
Birefringence
Giant birefringence
Flow birefringence
Retinal birefringence scanning
X-ray birefringence imaging
Iceland spar
Fluorooxoborate
Peter K. Hepler
Kochite
Cuvette
1816 in Scotland
Minyulite
Leonite
Grandreefite
Kanoite
Leifite
Modern searches for Lorentz violation
Iodate nitrate
Kröhnkite
Fluoride phosphate
Seismic anisotropy
Luc Thévenaz
Cymrite
Muscovite
Refractive index
Sweetite
Athabascaite
Widgiemoolthalite
Émile Henriot (chemist)
Vanadinite
Birefringence - Wikipedia
Intrinsic Birefringence in Crystalline Optical Materials: A New Concern for Lithography | NIST
Birefringence Control In Optical Disc Molding | (1988) | Willey | Publications | Spie
Birefringence: Effects and Implications for In-Ice Radio Detection of Neutrinos
Information for "Birefringence" - The Gemology Project
JKU-FoDok Forschungsdokumentation der Universit t Linz - Gehaltener Vortrag - Stress Induced Birefringence Spectroscopy
149551-18-8 High Birefringence liquid crystal trade offers by judy le
Atacama cosmology telescope: constraints on cosmic birefringence -ORCA
Laser-induced birefringence measurements by quantitative polarized-phase microscopy
HDPE (CM1) optical birefringence pattern in cross-slot flow, piston speed 1.76mm/s, 155C
Giant optical birefringence in ensembles of semiconductor nanowires | Applied Physics Letters | AIP Publishing
LOCAL REDUCTION OF SPINDLE FIBER BIREFRINGENCE IN LIVING NEPHROTOMA SUTURALIS (LOEW) SPERMATOCYTES INDUCED BY ULTRAVIOLET...
birefringence | This Week in Virology
Birefringence | Profiles RNS
Cerna® Birefringence Imaging Microscopes
Stress birefringence measuring system
What is Birefringence? (with picture)
Birefringence properties | Textile Study Center
"Deflection Estimation Using Birefringence" by Anonymous
Acervo Digital: Photoinduced birefringence at low temperatures in Langmuir-Blodgett films of azobenzene-functionalized...
ZEISS Solutions Lab Rapid Application Development
ISO 11455:1995 - Raw optical glass - Determination of birefringence
Phase Modulation and Optical Anisotropy of High Birefringence Liquid Crystal
Order the latest SCHOTT Optical Glass Pocket Catalog | SCHOTT
How to run a Birefringence analysis within Moldflow Insight! - MF Software
Phase and group modal birefringence of triple-defect photonic crystal fibers
Sassolite - Wikipedia
Ultrafast time-resolved single-shot birefringence microscopy for laser-induced anisotropy<...
IUCr) Acta Crystallographica Section A Volume 34, Part 2, March 1978
Compensation of the birefringence of a polymer by a birefringent crystal - Fingerprint - Keio University
Photonic4
- We discuss the phase and group modal birefringence in photonic crystal fibres (PCFs) with an elongated core. (sckcen.be)
- We demonstrate both numerically and experimentally the strong wavelength dependence of phase and group modal birefringence in triple-defect photonic crystal fibres (PCFs). (sckcen.be)
- We have investigated the modal birefringence behaviour of a near-elliptic core index-guiding photonic crystal fiber (PCF) intended for realizing high birefringence characteristics. (edu.hk)
- Choudhuri, PR & Lu, C 2004, ' Design and realisation of asymmetric core index-guiding photonic crystal fiber with high birefringence characteristics ', Journal of Optics (India) , vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 187-194. (edu.hk)
Cosmic birefringence1
- We study the cross-correlation between the 21-cm and cosmic microwave background (CMB) B mode fluctuations which are induced by the cosmic birefringence when the nonconstant scalar field couples to the electromagnetic field strength. (tku.edu.tw)
Microscopy2
- In this study, ultrafast time-resolved single-shot birefringence microscopy is performed to observe laser-induced anisotropy. (elsevierpure.com)
- Amyloid deposits stain pink with hematoxylin and eosin, contain carbohydrate constituents that stain with periodic acid-Schiff dye or with Alcian blue, but most characteristically have apple-green birefringence under polarized light microscopy after Congo red staining. (msdmanuals.com)
Modal1
- The consequence is that birefringence causes the highest modal crosstalk because it strongly couples groups with a lower propagation-constant mismatch. (unipr.it)
Anisotropic3
- We present new constraints on anisotropic birefringence of the cosmic microwave background polarization using two seasons of data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope covering 456 square degrees of sky. (cardiff.ac.uk)
- Combining birefringence and second-harmonic-generation measurements with theoretical modelling and simulations, we detect a highly anisotropic electronic state that simultaneously breaks three-fold rotational and inversion symmetry, and supports polar order. (nature.com)
- The unpoled crystal shows almost no birefringence, indicating that the structure averaged over the optically anisotropic ferroelectric domains is optically isotropic. (montana.edu)
Polymers1
- This paper will present experimental results obtained for several polycarbonates of bisphenol-A. Concepts from flow birefringence in molten polymers [7] will be used to identify the significant process and melt rheological variables which influence molded in birefringence. (spie.org)
Birefringent5
- Birefringence is responsible for the phenomenon of double refraction whereby a ray of light, when incident upon a birefringent material, is split by polarization into two rays taking slightly different paths. (wikipedia.org)
- Thorlabs' Cerna ® Birefringence Imaging Microscopes are complete systems for measuring the retardance and azimuth of birefringent materials. (thorlabs.us)
- In a classic example of how birefringence works, if a piece of birefringent material is placed onto a piece of paper with a dot on it, two versions of the dot will appear. (allthescience.org)
- Birefringent optical filters can be installed on a variety of devices to harness birefringence, for example. (allthescience.org)
- Specialized birefringent glass products are used in various scientific experiments and industrial processes, and calcite is also commonly utilized in applications where birefringence is desired. (allthescience.org)
Refractive2
- Birefringence is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light. (wikipedia.org)
- The birefringence is often quantified as the maximum difference between refractive indices exhibited by the material. (wikipedia.org)
Measurements2
- With retardance measurements as low as ±1 nm, azimuth measurements as small as ±1°, spatial resolution of 1.055 μm with the included objective, and the flexible Cerna platform, these microscopes are a versatile solution for birefringence imaging. (thorlabs.us)
- Please refer to the Microscope Add-Ons tab above for recommendations on sample holders and objectives whose accuracy has been verified for these birefringence measurements. (thorlabs.us)
Polarization2
- Here, we study the effect of birefringence in ice, which splits up the radio pulse in two orthogonal polarization components with slightly different propagation speeds. (sissa.it)
- We also show that PCFs offer the unique poosibility of having a large phase birefringence and a negligible polarization mode dispersion at the same time. (sckcen.be)
Stress4
- This proposed paper presents a novel approach on spectroscopy using stress induced birefringence. (uni-linz.ac.at)
- This International Standard describes the stress optical method for determining the birefringence in glass, especially in raw optical glass in bulk and preshaped forms. (iso.org)
- The specifications on stress birefringence have been updated to cover a wider range of materials and formats. (schott.com)
- The cases of stress birefringence and core ellipticity are theoretically and numerically investigated. (unipr.it)
Liquid crystal1
- Phase modulation and optical anisotropy of high birefringence liquid crystal mixtures are studied in this work. (uc3m.es)
Quartz1
- exceeding by a factor of 75 the natural birefringence of quartz and by more than a factor of 2 that of inverted artificial materials. (aip.org)
Fibers3
- Irradiation of the mitotic spindle in living Nephrotoma suturalis (Loew) spermatocytes with an ultraviolet microbeam of controlled dose produced a localized area of reduced birefringence in the spindle fibers. (rupress.org)
- The birefringence was reduced only at the site irradiated, and only on the spindle fibers irradiated. (rupress.org)
- The poleward movement of the areas of reduced birefringence indicates that the spindle fibers are not static, nonchangeable structures. (rupress.org)
Temperature4
- The temperature dependence has been investigated for the photoinduced birefringence in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films from the azocopolymer 4-[N- ethyl -N-(2-hydroxyethyl)] amino-2'-chloro-4'-nitroazobenzene (MMA-DR13) mixed with cadmium stearate. (unesp.br)
- The maximum birefringence increased with increasing temperature up to 120 K because the free volume fluctuation also increased with temperature. (unesp.br)
- Above 120 K, the birefringence decreased with temperature as thermal diffusion dominates. (unesp.br)
- In the latter range of temperature, an Arrhenius behavior is inferred for both build-up and decay of birefringence. (unesp.br)
Angle1
- The simplest type of birefringence is described as uniaxial, meaning that there is a single direction governing the optical anisotropy whereas all directions perpendicular to it (or at a given angle to it) are optically equivalent. (wikipedia.org)
High5
- The optical birefringence pattern obtained from lightly branched high density polyethyene (HDPE - produced by metallocene catalysis polymerisation) flowing in a cross-slot multi-pass rheometer cell. (cam.ac.uk)
- Since high NA optics contribute residual birefringence and might impact the system accuracy, we only recommend these objectives whose accuracy we have verified. (thorlabs.us)
- It has been shown that high birefringence liquid crystals are potential candidates for generating phase shifts which are higher (∼6pi) than those of conventional nematic liquid crystals (normally about 2pi). (uc3m.es)
- The proposed PCF shows ultra-high birefringence, large negative dispersion and high nonlinearity over O+E+S+C+L, and U wavelength bands. (elsevierpure.com)
- Using this analysis as a design recipe, we have realized PCF of reasonably high birefringence characteristics. (edu.hk)
Flow1
- Fibrinogen solutions are highly viscous and show strong flow birefringence. (britannica.com)
Light2
- Birefringence is a property exhibited by certain types of crystalline structures in which a ray of light passing through the crystal is broken into two unequal waves which will pass through at different speeds. (allthescience.org)
- In birefringence, two waves of light are generated. (allthescience.org)
Large1
- Owing to large from birefringence, these two types of birefringence in such PCFs may not only have opposite signs, but their absolute value can also differ by several orders of magnitude. (sckcen.be)
Analysis4
- How to run a Birefringence analysis within Moldflow Insight! (moldflow.eu)
- Did you know that you can run a Birefringence analysis within Moldflow Insight to help with optical applications? (moldflow.eu)
- If you select a material that has Optical Properties and you select the option to run a Birefringence analysis, you will generate several new optical plots. (moldflow.eu)
- Have you ever solved a Birefringence analysis? (moldflow.eu)
Range1
- The buildup and relaxation of the birefringence in the range from 20 to 296 K were fitted with a Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) function, with a beta-value of 0.78-0.98 for the build-up and 0.18-0.27 for the decay. (unesp.br)
Applications1
- I learned in college that birefringence is really useful in a lot of scientific applications, including medicine. (allthescience.org)
Material2
- The birefringence in the material is shown to depend on the nanowire length. (aip.org)
- The area of reduced birefringence was interpreted as a region in which most, though not necessarily all, of the previously oriented material was disoriented by the irradiation. (rupress.org)
Publications2
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Birefringence" by people in this website by year, and whether "Birefringence" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (wakehealth.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Birefringence" by people in Profiles. (wakehealth.edu)
Distribution1
- This is consistent with a distribution of time constants for the kinetics of the birefringence processes. (unesp.br)
People1
- People who wear eyeglasses can explore birefringence by experimenting with the edges of their lenses. (allthescience.org)
Role1
- Birefringence plays an important role in achieving phase-matching for a number of nonlinear optical processes. (wikipedia.org)
Shows1
- Birefringence appears after an E-field poling and shows a "negative" uniaxial distortion. (montana.edu)
Factor1
- We improve previous upper limits on the amplitude of a scale-invariant birefringence power spectrum by a factor of between 2 and 3. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Direction1
- Areas of reduced birefringence, whether produced during metaphase or during anaphase, immediately began to move toward the pole in the direction of the chromosomal fiber, even though the associated chromosomes did not necessarily move poleward. (rupress.org)
Software1
- A Windows ® -based software package is included with the birefringence imaging microscope that contains every feature needed for system control and data acquisition. (thorlabs.us)