Heat production, or its measurement, of an organism at the lowest level of cell chemistry in an inactive, awake, fasting state. It may be determined directly by means of a calorimeter or indirectly by calculating the heat production from an analysis of the end products of oxidation within the organism or from the amount of oxygen utilized.
The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.
The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)
Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.
Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.

Bioelectrical impedance plethysmographic analysis of body composition in critically injured and healthy subjects. (1/1143)

BACKGROUND: Determination of body composition during critical illness is complex because of various patient-related and technical factors. Bioelectrical impedance is a promising technique for the analysis of body composition; however, its clinical utility in critically injured patients is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare bioelectrical impedance with metabolic activity in healthy and critically injured patients. If bioelectrical impedance accurately determines body composition during critical illness, the slope between body-composition variables and oxygen consumption would be the same in critically injured and healthy subjects. DESIGN: There is a strong linear relation between body composition and metabolic activity. In the present study, body composition (fat-free mass and body cell mass) was determined by using bioelectrical impedance and resting metabolic activity (metabolic rate and oxygen consumption) by using gas exchange analysis in a group of healthy and critically injured subjects. The relation between these variables was compared by using linear regression to a similar relation established by hydrostatic weighing in a large historical control group. RESULTS: The slope of the line relating fat-free mass to resting metabolic rate was the same in the healthy and critically ill groups (P = 0.62) and each was similar to the slope of the line for the control group. However, in 37% of the critically injured group, overhydration contributed to an increase in fat-free mass, disturbing the relation with resting metabolic rate. The slope of the line relating body cell mass to oxygen consumption in our healthy and critically ill groups was almost identical. CONCLUSION: These results support the use of bioelectrical impedance to determine body cell mass in healthy and critically ill subjects.  (+info)

Comparison of indirect calorimetry, the Fick method, and prediction equations in estimating the energy requirements of critically ill patients. (2/1143)

BACKGROUND: Accurate measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) is helpful in determining the energy needs of critically ill patients requiring nutritional support. Currently, the most accurate clinical tool used to measure REE is indirect calorimetry, which is expensive, requires trained personnel, and has significant error at higher inspired oxygen concentrations. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare REE measured by indirect calorimetry with REE calculated by using the Fick method and prediction equations by Harris-Benedict, Ireton-Jones, Fusco, and Frankenfield. DESIGN: REEs of 36 patients [12 men and 24 women, mean age 58+/-22 y and mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score 22+/-8] in a hospital intensive care unit and receiving mechanical ventilation and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) were measured for > or = 15 min by using indirect calorimetry and compared with REEs calculated from a mean of 2 sets of hemodynamic measurements taken during the metabolic testing period with an oximetric pulmonary artery catheter. RESULTS: Mean REE by indirect calorimetry was 8381+/-1940 kJ/d and correlated poorly with the other methods tested (r = 0.057-0.154). This correlation did not improve after adjusting for changes in respiratory quotient (r2 = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS: These data do not support previous findings showing a strong correlation between REE determined by the Fick method and other prediction equations and indirect calorimetry. In critically ill patients receiving TPN, indirect calorimetry, if available, remains the most appropriate clinical tool for accurate measurement of REE.  (+info)

Anthropometric, lifestyle and metabolic determinants of resting heart rate. A population study. (3/1143)

AIM: To clarify the determinants of resting heart rate at the population level in a random sample of the Belgian population. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data of 5027 men and 4150 women aged 25-74 years obtained from a Belgian nationwide survey were analysed. In multivariate analysis, blood pressure strongly correlated with heart rate in men (t = 12.4 for systolic; t = 8.8 for diastolic) and women (t = 12.0 for systolic; t = 7.7 for diastolic). Age (t = -3.4 in men; t = -8.1 in women) and height (t = -3.7 in men; t = -3.1 in women) correlated negatively with heart rate. Smoking raised heart rate in men (1-19 cigarettes.day-1, t = 6.1; > or = 20 cigarettes.day-1, t = 10.3) and women (> or = 20 cigarettes.day-1, t = 3.5). Serum phosphorus correlated negatively with heart rate (t = -3.5 in men; t = -8.3 in women). Serum log alkaline phosphatase (t = 6.7 in men; t = 7.2 in women) and serum protein (t = 5.3 in men; t = 4.4 in women) correlated positively with heart rate. CONCLUSION: At the population level, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, serum alkaline phosphatase and serum protein correlate independently, significantly and positively with heart rate, and age, height and serum phosphorus negatively.  (+info)

Longitudinal assessment of energy balance in well-nourished, pregnant women. (4/1143)

BACKGROUND: Clinicians often recommend an additional energy intake of 1250 kJ/d to their pregnant patients. Previous studies have shown considerable variation in the metabolic response to pregnancy and thus in the additional energy required to support a pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess how well-nourished women meet the energy demands of pregnancy and to identify factors that predict an individual's metabolic response. DESIGN: Resting metabolic rate (RMR), diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), total energy expenditure (TEE), activity energy expenditure (AEE), energy intake (EI), and body fat mass (FM) were measured longitudinally in 10 women preconception; at 8-10, 24-26, and 34-36 wk of gestation; and 4-6 wk postpartum. RESULTS: Compared with preconception values, individual RMRs increased from 456 to 3389 kJ/d by late pregnancy. DIT varied from -266 to 110 kJ/meal, TEE from -105 to 3421 kJ/d, AEE from -2301 to 2929 kJ/d, EI from -259 to 2176 kJ/d, and FM from a 0.6-kg loss to a 10.6-kg gain. The only prepregnant factor that predicted FM gain was RMR (r = 0.65, P < 0.05). Women with the largest cumulative increase in RMR deposited the least FM (r = -0.64, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Well-nourished women use different strategies to meet the energy demands of pregnancy, including reductions in DIT or AEE, increases in EI, and deposition of less FM than anticipated. The combination of strategies used by individual women is not wholly predictable from prepregnant indexes. The use of a single recommendation for increased energy intake in all pregnant women is not justified.  (+info)

Energy and substrate metabolism in patients with active Crohn's disease. (5/1143)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible contribution of changes in energy metabolism and substrate oxidation rates to malnutrition in Crohn's disease and to assess the effect of enteral nutrition on these parameters. Energy metabolism was evaluated by indirect calorimetry in 32 patients with active Crohn's disease and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Measurements were done in the postabsorptive state. Seven out of 32 patients received enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube. In these patients, resting energy metabolism was determined at d 0 (postabsorptive), 7, 14 (during full enteral nutrition) and 15 (postabsorptive). Resting energy expenditure was not significantly different between patients and controls, whereas the respiratory quotient (RQ) was lower in patients (0.78 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.05; P < 0.05). During enteral nutrition in 7 patients with Crohn's disease, the RQ increased on d 7 compared with d 0 and remained high even after cessation of enteral nutrition (d 0, 0.78 +/- 0.03; d 7, 0.91 +/- 0.04; d 15, 0. 84 +/- 0.05; P < 0.05; d 7 and 15 vs. d 0). No effects of enteral nutrition on resting energy expenditure were found. Active Crohn's disease is associated with changes in substrate metabolism that resemble a starvation pattern. These changes appear not to be specific to Crohn's disease but to malnutrition and are readily reversed by enteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition did not affect resting energy expenditure. Wasting is a consequence of malnutrition but not of hypermetabolism in Crohn's disease.  (+info)

Direct and correlated responses to selection for efficiency of lean gain in mice. (6/1143)

Improvement in feed efficiency when selection is based on gain:feed ratio has often been accompanied by a reduction in feed intake. The following four criteria were used in mass selection for improved lean gain efficiency in mice with an objective of evaluating changes in lean gain and intake: 1) gain deviation, animals selected had the greatest gain in fat-free mass (FFM) after adjustment to a constant intake; 2) intake deviation, mice selected had the least feed intake after adjustment to a constant gain in FFM; 3) intrinsic efficiency, similar to the second criterion except that adjustment was also made for average weight maintained during the period; and 4) a positive control that used the ratio of gain in FFM: feed intake as the selection criterion. A fifth line, in which a male and a female were selected at random from each litter, served as a negative control. Experimental animals were outbred mice of the CF1 strain. Two replicates of the five lines were included in the study. Twelve males and females were pair-mated within each line-replicate combination each generation. Feed disappearance was measured from 25 to 42 d. Mice were scanned to obtain an electrical conductivity measurement for prediction of FFM. After six generations of selection, realized heritabilities for gain:feed, gain deviation, intake deviation, and intrinsic efficiency were .00 +/- .04, .04 +/- .29, .35 +/- .08, and .28 +/- .06, respectively. There were no differences among lines for gain:feed ratio. The correlated response in feed intake reduction was significant in the intake deviation and intrinsic efficiency lines (-.17 +/- .05 and -.21 +/- .04 g x d(-1) x generation(-1), respectively). The realized genetic correlations between the ratio and gain deviation, intake deviation, and intrinsic efficiency were .83 +/- .15, .01 +/- .04, and .21 +/- .12, respectively. Litter size was depressed in all selected lines.  (+info)

Endogenous thermoregulatory rhythms of squirrel monkeys in thermoneutrality and cold. (7/1143)

Whole body heat production (HP) and heat loss (HL) were examined to determine if the free-running circadian rhythm in body temperature (Tb) results from coordinated changes in HP and HL rhythms in thermoneutrality (27 degrees C) as well as mild cold (17 degrees C). Squirrel monkey metabolism (n = 6) was monitored by both indirect and direct calorimetry, with telemetered measurement of Tb and activity. Feeding was also measured. Rhythms of HP, HL, and conductance were tightly coupled with the circadian Tb rhythm at both ambient temperatures (TA). At 17 degrees C, increased HP compensated for higher HL at all phases of the Tb rhythm, resulting in only minor changes to Tb. Parallel compensatory changes of HP and HL were seen at all rhythm phases at both TA. Similar time courses of Tb, HP, and HL in their respective rhythms and the relative stability of Tb during both active and rest periods suggest action of the circadian timing system on Tb set point.  (+info)

The value of basal serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and oestradiol concentrations following pituitary down-regulation in predicting ovarian response to stimulation with highly purified follicle stimulating hormone. (8/1143)

The value of gonadotrophin and oestradiol concentrations following pituitary down-regulation with leuprolide acetate in predicting ovarian response to stimulation was evaluated in three groups of women undergoing ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization with highly purified follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Leuprolide acetate was started in the midluteal phase, and either stopped at menses (IVF-SL group, n = 3), or continued throughout stimulation (IVF-LL group, n = 38; oocyte donors, n = 58). Ovarian stimulation was started on cycle day 3, after blood was drawn for down-regulated FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and oestradiol. Higher down-regulated LH was predictive of higher oestradiol on day 5 of stimulation in both IVF groups, and of need for fewer ampoules in the IVF-LL group, but not of oestradiol on day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration or number of oocytes retrieved. Higher FSH after down-regulation predicted yield of fewer oocytes in the donor and IVF-LL groups, and higher oestradiol on day 5 of stimulation, need for fewer ampoules and a shorter duration of therapy in both IVF groups. Higher oestradiol after down-regulation was associated with higher oestradiol on day 5 of stimulation and on day of HCG administration, a shorter duration of therapy and need for fewer ampoules in all groups. Whereas these results do not ascribe any predictive significance to LH, they suggest that oestradiol and FSH concentrations after down-regulation are predictive of the pattern of ovarian response to stimulation and of oocyte yield.  (+info)

Basal metabolism, also known as basal metabolic rate (BMR) or resting metabolic rate (RMR), is the amount of energy expended by an organism at rest, in a neutrally temperate environment, while in the post-absorptive state. It is the minimum amount of energy required to maintain basic bodily functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and maintenance of body temperature.

The BMR is typically measured in units of energy per unit time, such as kilocalories per day (kcal/day) or watts (W). In humans, the BMR is usually around 10-15% of a person's total daily energy expenditure. It can vary depending on factors such as age, sex, body size and composition, and genetics.

The BMR can be measured in a variety of ways, including direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry, or by using predictive equations based on factors such as age, weight, and height. It is an important concept in the study of energy balance, nutrition, and metabolism.

Energy metabolism is the process by which living organisms produce and consume energy to maintain life. It involves a series of chemical reactions that convert nutrients from food, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, into energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

The process of energy metabolism can be divided into two main categories: catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is the breakdown of nutrients to release energy, while anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones using energy.

There are three main stages of energy metabolism: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The citric acid cycle takes place in the mitochondria and involves the further breakdown of pyruvate to produce more ATP, NADH, and carbon dioxide. Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of energy metabolism and occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It involves the transfer of electrons from NADH and other electron carriers to oxygen, which generates a proton gradient across the membrane. This gradient drives the synthesis of ATP, producing the majority of the cell's energy.

Overall, energy metabolism is a complex and essential process that allows organisms to grow, reproduce, and maintain their bodily functions. Disruptions in energy metabolism can lead to various diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Oxygen consumption, also known as oxygen uptake, is the amount of oxygen that is consumed or utilized by the body during a specific period of time, usually measured in liters per minute (L/min). It is a common measurement used in exercise physiology and critical care medicine to assess an individual's aerobic metabolism and overall health status.

In clinical settings, oxygen consumption is often measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to evaluate cardiovascular function, pulmonary function, and exercise capacity in patients with various medical conditions such as heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory or cardiac disorders.

During exercise, oxygen is consumed by the muscles to generate energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. The amount of oxygen consumed during exercise can provide important information about an individual's fitness level, exercise capacity, and overall health status. Additionally, measuring oxygen consumption can help healthcare providers assess the effectiveness of treatments and rehabilitation programs in patients with various medical conditions.

Myocardial contraction refers to the rhythmic and forceful shortening of heart muscle cells (myocytes) in the myocardium, which is the muscular wall of the heart. This process is initiated by electrical signals generated by the sinoatrial node, causing a wave of depolarization that spreads throughout the heart.

During myocardial contraction, calcium ions flow into the myocytes, triggering the interaction between actin and myosin filaments, which are the contractile proteins in the muscle cells. This interaction causes the myofilaments to slide past each other, resulting in the shortening of the sarcomeres (the functional units of muscle contraction) and ultimately leading to the contraction of the heart muscle.

Myocardial contraction is essential for pumping blood throughout the body and maintaining adequate circulation to vital organs. Any impairment in myocardial contractility can lead to various cardiac disorders, such as heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias.

Lipid metabolism is the process by which the body breaks down and utilizes lipids (fats) for various functions, such as energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone synthesis. This complex process involves several enzymes and pathways that regulate the digestion, absorption, transport, storage, and consumption of fats in the body.

The main types of lipids involved in metabolism include triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and fatty acids. The breakdown of these lipids begins in the digestive system, where enzymes called lipases break down dietary fats into smaller molecules called fatty acids and glycerol. These molecules are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the liver, which is the main site of lipid metabolism.

In the liver, fatty acids may be further broken down for energy production or used to synthesize new lipids. Excess fatty acids may be stored as triglycerides in specialized cells called adipocytes (fat cells) for later use. Cholesterol is also metabolized in the liver, where it may be used to synthesize bile acids, steroid hormones, and other important molecules.

Disorders of lipid metabolism can lead to a range of health problems, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These conditions may be caused by genetic factors, lifestyle habits, or a combination of both. Proper diagnosis and management of lipid metabolism disorders typically involves a combination of dietary changes, exercise, and medication.

... faster basal metabolism; loss of body hair; evolution of sweat glands; a change in the shape of the dental arcade from u-shaped ... Other similar basal primates were widespread in Eurasia and Africa during the tropical conditions of the Paleocene and Eocene. ... as well as changes in metabolism due to changes in diet, such as lactase persistence. Culturally-driven evolution can defy the ... "Effects of brain evolution on human nutrition and metabolism". Annual Review of Nutrition. 27: 311-327. doi:10.1146/annurev. ...
... rates of metabolism for many mammals. Metabolism comprises the processes that the body needs to function. Basal metabolic rate ... Harris, JA; Benedict, FG (1918). "A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ... 1. Harris J, Benedict F (1918). "A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism". PNAS. 4 (12): 370-373. Bibcode:1918PNAS....4.. ... 2004). "Climatic adaptation and the evolution of basal and maximum rates of metabolism in rodents". Evolution. 58 (6): 1361- ...
On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; 718-720. Speakman, J.R., ... Sanborn M.S., Frank B (1922). Basal metabolism: its determination and application. p. 20. Retrieved 21 March 2016. McNab, B. K ... RMR differs from basal metabolic rate (BMR) because BMR measurements must meet total physiological equilibrium whereas RMR ... Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is whole-body mammal (and other vertebrate) metabolism during a time period of strict and steady ...
New tests of basal metabolism, 1935. Adjustment temperature and ground level, 1937. Outdoor temperature and heat transfer in ...
Harris J, Benedict F; Benedict (1918). "A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 4 (12): 370-3. ... However, the mean metabolic rate of sedentary adults is about 50% to 70% greater than their basal rate. There are other ... Basal metabolic rate for a 40-year-old male is about 35 kcal/(m2·h), which is equivalent to 1700 kcal per day, assuming the ...
A Biometric Study of Basal Metabolism in Man. J. Arthur Harris and Francis G. Benedict. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution, ... which was published in 1919 by the Carnegie Institution of Washington in the monograph A Biometric Study Of Basal Metabolism In ... "A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ... The Harris-Benedict equation (also called the Harris-Benedict principle) is a method used to estimate an individual's basal ...
The influence of physical work on the basal metabolism : graduation thesis in candidacy for the degree of Master of Physical ... "The influence of physical work on the basal metabolism" PhD, University of Chicago, 1928. Dissertation: "Studies on the ... I. Exercise and basal metabolism in dogs ... OCLC 40202690. https://libcat.uchicago.edu Archived August 15, 2013, at the ... Thesis: "The influence of exercise on the basal metabolic rate" and Crerar Library, University of Chicago, record Master of ...
"Studies on the Metabolism of Obesity, II. Basal Metabolism" (1924, with Solomon Strouse and M. Dye) "Metabolism of ... Strouse, Solomon (1924-09-01). "Studies on the Metabolism of Obesity, II. Basal Metabolism". Archives of Internal Medicine. 34 ... Wang, Chi Che (1932-07-01). "Basal Metabolism of Twenty-One Chinese Children Reared or Born and Reared in the United States". ... Wang, Chi Che (1939-04-01). "Basal Metabolism and Preformed and Total Creatinine in Urine of Seventy Children". Archives of ...
First, during nutrient starvation, a reduction of basal metabolism takes place. The gut tissues are the first tissues to be ... an increase in feeding enables more dietary protein and energy to be contributed for tissue growth instead of basal metabolism ... metabolism, and the endocrine system. Animals undergoing compensatory growth have been seen to have impaired muscle development ...
Magnus-Levy, Adolf (1942-04-18). "Basal metabolism in the same person after an interval of fifty years". JAMA: The Journal of ... ISBN 978-3-8055-3374-4. Metabolism and Practical Medicine. Volume I. The Physiology of Metabolism. (1907) (Articles with ISNI ... Among his studies on basal metabolic rate, he found that his own BMR had declined by 10% from the age of 26 to 76. Magnus-Levy ... Here he worked on the use of isotopes for studying human metabolism. In later life, he wrote on the history of medicine in ...
... they have a higher basal metabolism comparing to the other leaves. Xerophyte Thermophyte Hydrophyte Halophyte Sofradžija A., ... metabolism). Solar plants, for example, are mullein, ling, thyme and soft velcro, white clover, and most roses. They are common ...
In humans, the hypothalamus regulates metabolism, and hence the basal metabolic rate. Amongst its functions is the regulation ... The lowest normal temperature of a mammal, the basal body temperature, is achieved during sleep. In women, it is affected by ... whereas hypothermia is a condition in which the body's core temperature drops below that required for normal metabolism, and ...
DuBois mapped out basal metabolism for aging men, which he published in 1916. The Aub-DuBois table is still in use today. He ... DuBois thought his "chief contribution was popularizing the simple, fundamental principles of metabolism in disease so that ...
Most vertebrate species devote between 2% and 8% of basal metabolism to the brain. In primates, however, the percentage is much ... The basal ganglia are the central site at which decisions are made: the basal ganglia exert a sustained inhibitory control over ... The basal ganglia are a group of interconnected structures in the forebrain. The primary function of the basal ganglia appears ... All vertebrates have a blood-brain barrier that allows metabolism inside the brain to operate differently from metabolism in ...
Normal human metabolism produces heat at a basal metabolic rate of around 80 watts. During a bicycle race, an elite cyclist can ...
Arends, A; Bonaccorso, FJ; Genoud, M (1995). "Basal rates of metabolism of nectarivorous bats (Phyllostomidae) from a semiarid ... The basal body temperature ranges between 36.7-37.3 °C (98.1-99.1 °F) throughout the luteal phase, and drops down to pre- ... The effect of too extreme a cold is to decrease metabolism, and hence to lessen the production of heat. Both catabolic and ... However, too high a temperature speeds up the metabolism of different tissues to such a rate that their metabolic capital is ...
doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01923.x. Arends, Alexis; Bonaccorso, Frank J.; Genoud, Michel (1995). "Basal Rates of Metabolism ... The evolution of endothermy is directly linked to the selection for high levels of activity sustained by aerobic metabolism. ...
Lean muscle is the driver of basal energy metabolism and aids in the use of energy. When sufficient levels of fat are provided ... "Vitamin D metabolism in dogs and cats and its relation to diseases not associated with bone metabolism". Journal of Animal ... This difference in metabolism is due to very low levels of activity of the enzyme B-carotene 15, 15' dioxygenase in feline ... Lipid metabolism is also a major contributor of free radicals, leading to an increased dietary requirement of vitamin E as the ...
Anthropogenic metabolism Basal metabolic rate Calorimetry Rating of perceived exertion VO2 max vVO2max Ainsworth et al. 2011. " ...
It may also present with mild fever and night sweats due to an elevated basal level of metabolism. Some (. 10 × 109/L), ...
Laborit's ideas on anesthesia included potentiated anaesthesia, lowering basal metabolism and lowering body temperature (so- ...
They have a basal rate metabolism of only 74% of what is expected for a mammal of its size. Black-bellied fruit bats may enter ...
Basal Metabolism (1926) Physics in Physiology In 1926, he married Elizabeth Mary Bedale, who had worked as his assistant. ...
"Basal Metabolism" "Let's Kiss and Make Up" - from Funny Face "He Loves and She Loves" - from Funny Face "Bonjour, Paris! ( ...
... altered blood perfusion and metabolism within their basal ganglia. Several case reports describe that deep brain stimulation of ... Basal ganglia disease is a group of physical problems that occur when the group of nuclei in the brain known as the basal ... Blepharospasm may come from abnormal functioning of the brain's basal ganglia. Many disorders of the basal ganglia are due to ... Though motor disorders are the most common associated with the basal ganglia, recent research shows that basal ganglia ...
Basal metabolic rate Calorimetry Metabolism Respirometer VO2max White, C. R., and R. S. Seymour. 2005. Allometric scaling of ... Energy metabolism in animals and man. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36931-2 Weibel, E. R., and H. Hoppeler. 2005. ... Respirometry is a general term that encompasses a number of techniques for obtaining estimates of the rates of metabolism of ... Two measures are typically obtained: standard (SMR) or basal metabolic rate (BMR) and maximal rate (VO2max). SMR is measured ...
Pisculli was to take blood samples during the flight, and the basal metabolism tests would have been repeated on arrival in ... For the purpose of the first study, the three crew members underwent pre-flight physical examinations, basal metabolism tests, ...
A treadmill desk is not intended to provide aerobic exercise, but rather to keep the user's metabolism over the basal metabolic ...
Growth And Metabolism In Basal Mosasaurids (MS). Fort Hays State University. Carpenter, J.A. (2017). Locomotion and skeletal ... However, only four specimens were studied, and Clidastes is considered a basal mosasaur. Identification of the mosasaur and ... Nearly all squamates are characterized by their cold-blooded ectothermic metabolism, but mosasaurs like Tylosaurus are unique ... the type of metabolism can be inferred. The study used the body temperatures of the cold-blooded fish Enchodus and sea turtle ...
Growth And Metabolism In Basal Mosasaurids (MS). Fort Hays State University. Glenn J. Tattersall; Cleo A. C. Leite; Colin E. ... hoffmannii as basal to a multitude of descendant clades containing (in order of most to least basal) Globidens, M. lemonnieri, ... missouriensis to be the most basal species of the genus instead of M. conodon. In 2014, Konishi and colleagues expressed a ... conodon being the most basal of the genus. Contrary to Russell (1967), Bell also recovered Mosasaurus in a sister relationship ...
Estimating your basal metabolism can help you to determine how many calories your require each day to maintain your current ... What exactly is basal metabolism?. Our bodies need energy for everything, from carrying out basic bodily functions to ...
... Clin ... was accordingly designed to assess the effects of such GH exposure on basal and insulin stimulated intermediary metabolism. ... Each study consisted of a 3 hour basal period and a 2 hour hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp. ... Basal forearm uptake of glucose, isotopically determined glucose turnover and serum levels of GH, insulin and C-peptide were ...
Altered basal lipid metabolism underlies the functional impairment of naive CD8+ T cells in elderly humans. Francesco Nicoli, ... Findings We identified an age-related link between altered basal lipid metabolism in naive CD8+ T cells and their impaired ... Altered basal lipid metabolism underlies the functional impairment of naive CD8+ T cells in elderly humans ... Altered basal lipid metabolism underlies the functional impairment of naive CD8+ T cells in elderly humans ...
... height and age to deterimine your resting metabolism calories per day or BMR ... Basal Metabolic Rate: How to Calculate and What It Is Most people these days have heard about the term metabolism. ... Enter your gender, weight, height and age to deterimine your basal metabolic rate (BMR) or resting metabolism calories burned ... Our metabolism is an integral part of our health, having a metabolism that functions optimally can make weight loss much easier ...
Accelerates your metabolismBasal metabolismDecreasing sugars helps increase metabolismEat protein for metabolismFoods to boost ... Tag : Basal metabolism. Fitness. How to Boost your Metabolism? - User Guide and More. The Pink Charm. March 4, 2022. September ... Some people ate more and did not gain weight, and thats all about metabolism. Yes, that seems unfair! Unfair... ... your metabolismHow to speed up your metabolism and lose weight fast? ...
Definition of Basal Metabolic Rate:. Energy, in terms of heat, produced as a by-product of total cellular metabolism is ... The rate of metabolism at basal conditions has been formed to vary in different individuals and therefore the B.M.R. varies ... more or less constant under some standard conditions known as basal metabolism and the rate of its energy production at basal ... In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Definition of Basal Metabolic Rate 2. Factors Affecting Basal Metabolic Rate 3. ...
One wants to lose fat but keep your metabolism at its original level. ... Basal Metabolism Rate Tells you if your metabolism is staying normal while on a diet. ... Basal Metabolism Rate Tells you if your metabolism is staying normal while on a diet ... Without a metabolism test, you will never know your calorie burn rate, so you will not know how much to restrict in your diet. ...
Fitness Tips: How to Calculate a BMRVideo taken from the channel: eHow What is My Actual Basal Metabolic Rate? BMR Testing by ... To estimate the amount of calories you need for basal metabolism in an hour, multiply your body weight (kg) by 1.0 if you are ... How you can Calculate Your Basal Metabolism (BMR) was last modified: August 20th, 2020 by Kenneth Lee ... Fitness: How to Calculate BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate). Show Description. Basal Metabolic Rate or BMR is the number of calories ...
It only takes minor changes to your diet or lifestyle to kick-start your metabolism and increase your basal metabolic rate. ... Top 10 Tips to Boost Your Metabolism and Increase Your Basal Metabolic Rate. ... That boosts your metabolism and can help with low blood pressure. The cycle of stretching and contracting the muscles ... A high-intensity strength trainingsession may cause basal metabolic rate to speed up for up to four days (afterburn effect). As ...
When your metabolism works faster than normal, your body burns a lot of fat, so this does not tend to be stored in your body in ... However people with normal basal metabolic rate or slow basal metabolism should speed up their metabolism, in order to help ... What is fast metabolism?. The amount of energy consumed by a person at rest is known as basal metabolism. ... How does a fat metabolism work?. FAST METABOLISM REACTION. A person with a fast metabolism can eat a lot without becoming fat. ...
... faster basal metabolism; loss of body hair; evolution of sweat glands; a change in the shape of the dental arcade from u-shaped ... Other similar basal primates were widespread in Eurasia and Africa during the tropical conditions of the Paleocene and Eocene. ... as well as changes in metabolism due to changes in diet, such as lactase persistence. Culturally-driven evolution can defy the ... "Effects of brain evolution on human nutrition and metabolism". Annual Review of Nutrition. 27: 311-327. doi:10.1146/annurev. ...
Inhibition of Ceramide Metabolism Sensitizes Human Leukemia Cells. class="kwd-title">Key words: basal cell carcinoma hedgehog ... BCC basal cell carcinoma; HPI hedgehog pathway inhibitors; laBCC advanced basal cell carcinoma; RT radiotherapy Copyright ? ... The utility of vismodegib in treating basal cell carcinoma has not been clearly defined. This case?highlights the need for ... In a report of vismodegib for basal cell nevus symptoms patients had decreased hedgehog focus on gene manifestation and reduced ...
Basal Metabolism * Body Composition* * Dietary Proteins / administration & dosage* * Female * High-Intensity Interval Training ...
Basal metabolism and basal metabolism rate [BMR].pptx by KarthickJ33. Basal metabolism and basal metabolism rate [BMR].pptx. ...
Harris, J. A. & Benedict, F. G. A biometric study of human basal metabolism. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 4, 370-373 (1918). ... and basal metabolic rate (BMR) to diabetes (LOR/kJ, 4.8 × 10−4, q = 0.003)41. The network also contains causal links into ...
Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 2, see Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease ... THMD2, see Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease. *Thoracic aortic aneurysm, see Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm ... Thiamine transporter-2 deficiency, see Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease. *Thiamine-responsive encephalopathy, ...
Categories: Basal Metabolism Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 2 ...
Harris, J.A.; Benedict, F.G. A biometric study of human basal metabolism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1918, 4, 253. [Google ...
At Rest Your basal metabolism rate. How many calories you would burn doing absolutely nothing. ...
At Rest Your basal metabolism rate. How many calories you would burn doing absolutely nothing. ...
How to Measure Your Metabolism: Basal Metabolic Rate. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is one of the most common and effective ... Understanding Your Metabolism. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, metabolism is defined as:. "the sum of the chemical ... Intermittent Fasting Can BOOST Your Metabolism. While continuous, long-term nutrient deprivation will slow down your metabolism ... Intermittent Fasting and Your Metabolism: Should Someone with a Slow Metabolism Try Intermittent Fasting?. ...
These dissatisfied patients still have a depressed metabolism, according to their basal temperature.. I began prescribing ... As a scientist, Barnes demonstrated that around 10 per cent of the US population had a subnormal basal temperature due to ... But I started to doubt the validity of the basal temperature method because so many other people (without known thyroid ... of which the basal temperature is both the easiest and (in his view) the most reliable (JAMA; 119: 1072-4).. ...
C) Brain positron emission tomography-computed tomography suggested reduced glucose metabolism in the left basal ganglia. ... B) A T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image with hyperintense signal changes in the left basal ganglia. ...
Brozak J, Grande F. Body composition and basal metabolism in man correlation analysis versus physiologic approach. Human Biol. ... Recovery of energy metabolism in rat brain after carbon monoxide hypoxia. J Clin Invest. 1992 Feb. 89(2):666-72. [QxMD MEDLINE ... The effect of varying ambient oxygen tensions on wound metabolism and collagen synthesis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1972 Oct. 135(4 ... cerebral circulation and cerebral metabolism. J Appl Physiol. 1953 Mar. 5(9):471-86. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
Basal Cost of software is a concept that helps us to identify the costs of maintaining a piece of software once it has been ... Very often its not at all; but how are you going to know that if you dont know what your run cost was - the basal metabolism ... Theres still metabolism going inside whether you want it to or not. Thats the other interesting aspect of this basal ... Basal cost of software is a term coined by Eduardo Ferro back in 2020 in his blog post, Basal Cost of Software, which basically ...
We ingest the minimum caloric food necessary for basal metabolism. Weight loss is due to: decreased fat mass, loss of muscular ... which is an anomalous behavior of metabolism. ...
Whole body and forearm substrate metabolism in hyperthyroidism: evidence of increased basal muscle protein breakdown. Am J ... The adaptation and relationship of FGF-23 to changes in mineral metabolism in Graves disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Jun ... General - Increased basal metabolic rate, weight loss despite increase in or similar appetite ... Kent Wehmeier, MD Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, St Louis ...
  • Here, we investigated the role of CPT1 in lipid metabolism and in resistance to starvation in Rhodnius prolixus. (bvsalud.org)
  • B) A T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image with hyperintense signal changes in the left basal ganglia. (cdc.gov)
  • C) Brain positron emission tomography-computed tomography suggested reduced glucose metabolism in the left basal ganglia. (cdc.gov)
  • One kilo of muscle mass increases your basal metabolic rate by up to 100 calories per day. (fitnesswellbeinghub.com)
  • Aerobic endurance training has a significantly lower effect on basal metabolic rates than strength training. (fitnesswellbeinghub.com)
  • It's a metaphor from the basal metabolic rates that is human requires the amount of calories burned just by existing, not doing anything. (thoughtworks.com)
  • As soon as they resume a more regular eating pattern (even eating a healthier diet than they did before the show), their slower metabolism is burning less than they are eating. (bodyhealth.com)
  • understood, age-related factors such as slower metabolism, physical inactivity, hormonal changes, and reductions in muscle mass may also contribute to GERD. (humankinetics.com)
  • The endocrine glands produce different types of hormones and they regulate metabolism in more than one way. (manipalhospitals.com)
  • There are many hormones that affect the metabolism directly like cortisol, thyroid hormones, and testosterone. (manipalhospitals.com)
  • The zona fasciculata, is responsible for the production of glucocorticoids, predominantly cortisol, which increases blood sugar levels via gluconeogenesis, suppresses the immune system, and aids in metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • This zone secretes cortisol both at a basal level and as a response to the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland. (medscape.com)
  • How Do Hormones Affect Your Body Metabolism? (manipalhospitals.com)
  • In addition to providing chemical coordination, integration and regulation in the human body, hormones are also responsible for regulating metabolism. (manipalhospitals.com)
  • Your metabolism can be slowed down by some hormones while certain hormones can speed it up. (manipalhospitals.com)
  • What are Hormones and How Do They Affect Metabolism? (manipalhospitals.com)
  • These hormones are produced by the thyroid glands and they are mainly responsible for controlling the speed of your body's metabolism. (manipalhospitals.com)
  • When we're talking about a person's "metabolism," we are specifically referring to the cellular action of burning fat, sugar, or other substances to produce energy while at rest. (bodyhealth.com)
  • Basal metabolism is usually the largest component of a person's total caloric needs. (calculator.net)
  • The present study was accordingly designed to assess the effects of such GH exposure on basal and insulin stimulated intermediary metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • Basal forearm uptake of glucose, isotopically determined glucose turnover and serum levels of GH, insulin and C-peptide were unaltered. (nih.gov)
  • Downloadable slides from the medical minute presentation describing the role of basal insulin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, including clinical indications, the role for basal insulin in diabetes management, and recommendations from the ADA. (clinicaloptions.com)
  • I'm sure you have heard those that say "I can't lose weight because my metabolism is too slow" or 'fasting can boost your metabolism' - I'm sure most of you now reading this are nodding your head. (jasonkozma.com)
  • How to Boost your Metabolism? (thepinkcharm.com)
  • If you're looking for a way to boost your metabolism, then you have lots of options. (fitnesswellbeinghub.com)
  • It requires a relatively high amount of energy and gives a significantly higher boost to your metabolism. (fitnesswellbeinghub.com)
  • The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) Calculator estimates your basal metabolic rate-the amount of energy expended while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment, and in a post-absorptive state (meaning that the digestive system is inactive, which requires about 12 hours of fasting). (calculator.net)
  • Energy, in terms of heat, produced as a by-product of total cellular metabolism is essential for the maintenance of life of the organism. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The amount of energy consumed by a person at rest is known as basal metabolism. (botanical-online.com)
  • Fast basal metabolism is when the body at rest has a higher energy expenditure than normal . (botanical-online.com)
  • People must understand that proteins are not a source of energy for the body, but they are only used as such when they are the only substrate that is ingested, which is an anomalous behavior of metabolism. (botanical-online.com)
  • Some people blame their weight on how their body breaks down food into energy, also known as metabolism. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Metabolism does help decide how much energy a body needs. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Metabolism is the process by which the body changes food and drink into energy. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy needed while resting in a temperate environment when the digestive system is inactive. (calculator.net)
  • Estimate basal energy expenditure using the Harris-Benedict equations. (cornell.edu)
  • Metabolism is the process through which living organisms take and utilise the free energy required to carry out their life processes. (manipalhospitals.com)
  • Unmanaged chronic illnesses can alter metabolism and accelerate reductions in energy expenditure. (livestrong.com)
  • however, data from other sources indicated that farm labor is generally very energy intensive, consuming large numbers of calories relative to those used by basal metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • Factors Affecting Basal Metabolic Rate 3. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Some people have fast metabolism while others have a slow metabolism, but what factors affect the metabolism of a person? (manipalhospitals.com)
  • Many factors like age, sex, muscle mass and physical activity affect metabolism or BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate). (manipalhospitals.com)
  • As a scientist, Barnes demonstrated that around 10 per cent of the US population had a subnormal basal temperature due to lowered metabolic rate, and worked out the pathological implications of this greater susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) and coronary artery degeneration. (healthy.net)
  • These dissatisfied patients still have a depressed metabolism, according to their basal temperature. (healthy.net)
  • But I started to doubt the validity of the basal temperature method because so many other people (without known thyroid problems) had low temperatures. (healthy.net)
  • With Meticore pills though, you can quickly shed the extra weight as the formula works toward increasing your core body temperature, which is crucial for accelerating your metabolism. (clevescene.com)
  • Science has only recently learned the definitive role that basal body temperature plays in your weight gain. (clevescene.com)
  • However, it has become clear that your basal temperature plays a significant role in the whole obesity-related situation. (clevescene.com)
  • Since the Meticore supplement is prepared on the grounds of the latest research and as there is no other formula on the market currently that offers help with improving your basal temperature, this solution is truly one of a kind. (clevescene.com)
  • Maintaining body temperature within a narrow range is important for cardiac function, metabolism, normal enzyme activity, nerve conduction, and hemostasis. (vin.com)
  • On a typical calorie reduction diet, most people's metabolism slows down. (leofitlabs.com)
  • This slows your weight loss, causes one to gain the weight back right after the diet, and often the metabolism STAYS at the lower level for some time afterward. (leofitlabs.com)
  • However people with normal basal metabolic rate or slow basal metabolism should speed up their metabolism , in order to help them "burn" calories. (botanical-online.com)
  • Intermittent Fasting and Your Metabolism: Should Someone with a Slow Metabolism Try Intermittent Fasting? (bodyhealth.com)
  • Those who believe they have a "slow" metabolism are especially concerned that any form of fasting might further slow the metabolism, leaving them feeling groggy or less energetic, not to mention hungry. (bodyhealth.com)
  • While continuous, long-term nutrient deprivation will slow down your metabolism, intermittent fasting does the exact opposite. (bodyhealth.com)
  • An active metabolism, in turn, works wonders in melting fat, something that a lazy metabolism is slow to do, which ultimately encourages weight gain. (clevescene.com)
  • Find out how metabolism affects weight, the truth behind slow metabolism and how to burn more calories. (mayoclinic.org)
  • They think their metabolism is too slow. (mayoclinic.org)
  • But a slow metabolism isn't usually the cause of weight gain. (mayoclinic.org)
  • You might want to blame a medical condition for slow metabolism and weight gain. (mayoclinic.org)
  • But rarely does a medical condition slow metabolism enough to cause a lot of weight gain. (mayoclinic.org)
  • On the other hand, hormonal imbalance can slow down metabolism which can result in weight gain. (manipalhospitals.com)
  • Enter your gender, weight, height and age to deterimine your basal metabolic rate (BMR) or resting metabolism calories burned per day. (jasonkozma.com)
  • But let's dive deeper into understanding what makes up our metabolism, but more importantly what is basal metabolic rate (BMR) and why does it form such a large portion of our metabolism. (jasonkozma.com)
  • Definition of Basal Metabolic Rate 2. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The rate of metabolism at basal conditions has been formed to vary in different individuals and therefore the B.M.R. varies with different factor. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Without a metabolism test, you will never know your calorie burn rate, so you will not know how much to restrict in your diet. (leofitlabs.com)
  • The BMR, or basal metabolic rate, can be determined by taking body weight, multiplying it by ten and adding in exercise. (keleefitness.com)
  • Learn about eating a little less or more than the calories determined by the BMR with help from a professional personal trainer in this free video on calculating the basal metabolic rate. (keleefitness.com)
  • Basal Metabolic Rate or BMR is the number of calories that your body will use throughout the course of a day during normal activities. (keleefitness.com)
  • Series Description: Weight lifting, body building and other exercises require the right equipment and training to be successful in losing weight and maintaining the ideal basal metabolic rate. (keleefitness.com)
  • Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and resting metabolic rate (RTR). (keleefitness.com)
  • It only takes minor changes to your diet or lifestyle to kick-start your metabolism and increase your basal metabolic rate. (fitnesswellbeinghub.com)
  • A high-intensity strength training session may cause basal metabolic rate to speed up for up to four days ( afterburn effect ). (fitnesswellbeinghub.com)
  • A study of the effect showed that metabolism rate spikes following high-intensity tempo runs lasted 9 hours at the most (LaForgia et al. (fitnesswellbeinghub.com)
  • That's because the basal metabolic rate increase lasts 8-24 hours, just like with high-intensity strength training. (fitnesswellbeinghub.com)
  • At Rest Your basal metabolism rate. (dollartimes.com)
  • Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is one of the most common and effective methodologies to measure your metabolism. (bodyhealth.com)
  • The term is borrowed from biology, where the Basal Metabolic Rate refers to the number of calories a human body burns just to maintain normal functioning. (thoughtworks.com)
  • Basal Metabolic Rate is calculated based on age, weight and height. (lowcarber.org)
  • The number of calories a body at rest uses to do these things is known as basal metabolic rate, also called basal metabolism. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Muscle mass is the main factor in basal metabolic rate. (mayoclinic.org)
  • You can't easily control the speed of your basal metabolic rate, but you can control how many calories you burn through physical activity. (mayoclinic.org)
  • This breakdown and conversion process, also known as your basal metabolic rate or your metabolism , continues 24 hours a day whether you're moving around or at rest. (livestrong.com)
  • Control ineffective erythropoiesis: Ineffective erythropoiesis, a distinctive and principal feature of thalassemia, causes bone marrow expansion, elevated basal metabolism, extra-medullary hematopoietic masses, skeletal deformities of face and skull, fragile bones, and increased absorption of dietary iron. (cdc.gov)
  • Age - Unfortunately, with age our metabolism does decrease due to a reduction in lean muscle mass and increased fat mass. (jasonkozma.com)
  • increase lean body mass and basal metabolism, jointly assisting with weight control). (humankinetics.com)
  • There is a fundamental flaw in many weight loss and "calorie-cutting" diet programs, and it has everything to do with your metabolism. (bodyhealth.com)
  • Some people ate more and did not gain weight, and that's all about metabolism. (thepinkcharm.com)
  • People with fast metabolism are usually thin people. (botanical-online.com)
  • In fact, some people who seem to have a fast metabolism are probably just more active - and maybe fidget more - than others. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Other people have a low basal metabolism or suffer from psychological distress. (fountainmagazine.com)
  • A good hormonal balance results in good health and proper bodily functions, including metabolism. (manipalhospitals.com)
  • Our metabolism is an integral part of our health, having a metabolism that functions optimally can make weight loss much easier, just ask someone with thyroid problems how difficult weight loss can be! (jasonkozma.com)
  • Dietary deficiencies - Being deficient in certain nutrients such as iodine may reduce thyroid function and consequently impact our metabolism negatively. (jasonkozma.com)
  • So, this is another good reason why strength training can is important for optimal health and your metabolism. (jasonkozma.com)
  • Basal metabolism in health and disease. (nih.gov)
  • Intermittent fasting can improve your metabolism while helping you lose weight, along with a slew of other health benefits. (bodyhealth.com)
  • Each study consisted of a 3 hour basal period and a 2 hour hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp. (nih.gov)
  • Reference: Harris J, Benedict F. A biometric study of basal metabolism in man. (lowcarber.org)
  • In this study, we measured locomotory activity, and the glyceride accumulation profile in the hemolymph and fat body, as well as the expression of key genes related to triglyceride metabolism, of Rhodnius prolixus nymphs infected with T. rangeli. (bvsalud.org)
  • Obligatory gains occur independently of thermoregulation and include heat from basal metabolism, eating and exercise. (vin.com)
  • In a report of vismodegib for basal cell nevus symptoms patients had decreased hedgehog focus on gene manifestation and reduced tumor cell proliferation after 1?month of treatment.7 Our individual had complete suffered tumor resolution for at least 14?weeks after 2?weeks of therapy. (researchhunt.com)
  • When your metabolism works faster than normal, your body burns a lot of fat , so this does not tend to be stored in your body in a higher proportion than normal. (botanical-online.com)
  • Other similar basal primates were widespread in Eurasia and Africa during the tropical conditions of the Paleocene and Eocene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Contrary to popular belief, the more you weigh, the faster your metabolism is. (bodyhealth.com)