A genus of tick-borne protozoan parasites that infests the red blood cells of mammals, including humans. There are many recognized species, and the distribution is world-wide.
A species of protozoa infecting humans via the intermediate tick vector IXODES scapularis. The other hosts are the mouse PEROMYSCUS leucopus and meadow vole MICROTUS pennsylvanicus, which are fed on by the tick. Other primates can be experimentally infected with Babesia microti.
A species of protozoa that is a cause of bovine babesiosis. Ticks of the genera Boophilus, Rhipicephalus, and IXODES are the chief vectors.
A group of tick-borne diseases of mammals including ZOONOSES in humans. They are caused by protozoa of the genus BABESIA, which parasitize erythrocytes, producing hemolysis. In the U.S., the organism's natural host is mice and transmission is by the deer tick IXODES SCAPULARIS.
A genus of tick-borne protozoa parasitic in the lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and endothelial cells of mammals. Its organisms multiply asexually and then invade erythrocytes, where they undergo no further reproduction until ingested by a transmitting tick.
Bacterial, viral, or parasitic diseases transmitted to humans and animals by the bite of infected ticks. The families Ixodidae and Argasidae contain many bloodsucking species that are important pests of man and domestic birds and mammals and probably exceed all other arthropods in the number and variety of disease agents they transmit. Many of the tick-borne diseases are zoonotic.
Members of the class Arachnida, especially SPIDERS; SCORPIONS; MITES; and TICKS; which transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.
Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa.
Blood-sucking acarid parasites of the order Ixodida comprising two families: the softbacked ticks (ARGASIDAE) and hardbacked ticks (IXODIDAE). Ticks are larger than their relatives, the MITES. They penetrate the skin of their host by means of highly specialized, hooked mouth parts and feed on its blood. Ticks attack all groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In humans they are responsible for many TICK-BORNE DISEASES, including the transmission of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; TULAREMIA; BABESIOSIS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER; and RELAPSING FEVER. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, pp543-44)
The largest genus of TICKS in the family IXODIDAE, containing over 200 species. Many infest humans and other mammals and several are vectors of diseases such as LYME DISEASE, tick-borne encephalitis (ENCEPHALITIS, TICK-BORNE), and KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE.
Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.
Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.
Infection of cattle, sheep, or goats with protozoa of the genus THEILERIA. This infection results in an acute or chronic febrile condition.
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.
Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.
Diseases of domestic and wild horses of the species Equus caballus.
Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.
The immature stage in the life cycle of those orders of insects characterized by gradual metamorphosis, in which the young resemble the imago in general form of body, including compound eyes and external wings; also the 8-legged stage of mites and ticks that follows the first moult.
A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ANAPLASMA, family ANAPLASMATACEAE, formerly called Ehrlichia phagocytophila or Ehrlichia equi. This organism is tick-borne (IXODES) and causes disease in horses and sheep. In humans, it causes human granulocytic EHRLICHIOSIS.
An order of protozoa comprising heteroxenous tick-borne blood parasites. Representative genera include BABESIA, Dactylosoma, and THEILERIA.
A genus of TICKS, in the family IXODIDAE, widespread in Africa. Members of the genus include many important vectors of animal and human pathogens.
Arthropods, other than insects and arachnids, which transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.
The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)
A species of baboon in the family CERCOPITHECIDAE found in southern equatorial and east Africa. They are smaller than PAPIO ANUBIS and have a thinner mane.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.
Any of various ruminant mammals of the order Bovidae. They include numerous species in Africa and the American pronghorn.
One of ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS used especially against BABESIA in livestock. Toxicity has been reported.
An effective trypanocidal agent.
A genus of gram-negative bacteria whose organisms are obligate parasites of vertebrates. Species are transmitted by arthropod vectors with the host range limited to ruminants. Anaplasma marginale is the most pathogenic species and is the causative agent of severe bovine anaplasmosis.
Proteins found in any species of protozoan.
A disease of cattle caused by parasitization of the red blood cells by bacteria of the genus ANAPLASMA.
Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.
Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.
Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).

Preparation of antibodies directed to the Babesia ovata- or Theileria sergenti-parasitized erythrocytes. (1/319)

To investigate the surface antigens of the bovine red blood cells (RBCs) parasitized by Babesia ovata or Theileria sergenti, attempts were made to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with BALB/c mice. Comparable numbers of hybridomas producing anti-piroplasm mAbs, as well as anti-bovine RBC mAbs, were obtained from the mice immunized with B. ovata- or T. sergenti-PRBCs. However, mAbs directed to the surface of parasitized RBCs (PRBCs) were obtained only from the mice immunized with B. ovata-PRBCs, but not from those immunized with T. sergenti-PRBCs. When serum samples from the immunized mice and the infected cattle were examined, antibodies recognizing B. ovata-PRBC surface were detected in the sera against B. ovata, but analogous antibodies were undetectable in the sera against T. sergenti, despite that the sera showed substantial antibody titers to T. sergenti piroplasms. The results suggest that significant antigenic modifications occur on the surface of B. ovata-PRBCs, but not on the surface of T. sergenti-PRBCs.  (+info)

Detection of enzootic babesiosis in baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and phylogenetic evidence supporting synonymy of the genera Entopolypoides and Babesia. (2/319)

Blood smear evaluation of two baboons (Papio cynocephalus) experiencing acute hemolytic crises following experimental stem cell transplantation revealed numerous intraerythrocytic organisms typical of the genus Babesia. Both animals had received whole-blood transfusions from two baboon donors, one of which was subsequently found to display rare trophozoites of Entopolypoides macaci. An investigation was then undertaken to determine the prevalence of hematozoa in baboons held in our primate colony and to determine the relationship, if any, between the involved species. Analysis of thick and thin blood films from 65 healthy baboons (23 originating from our breeding facility, 26 originating from an out-of-state breeding facility, and 16 imported from Africa) for hematozoa revealed rare E. macaci parasites in 31%, with respective prevalences of 39, 35, and 12%. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear small-subunit rRNA gene sequences amplified from peripheral blood of a baboon chronically infected with E. macaci demonstrated this parasite to be most closely related to Babesia microti (97.9% sequence similarity); sera from infected animals did not react in indirect fluorescent-antibody tests with Babesia microti antigen, however, suggesting that they represent different species. These results support an emerging view that the genus Entopolypoides Mayer 1933 is synonymous with that of the genus Babesia Starcovici 1893 and that the morphological variation noted among intracellular forms is a function of alteration in host immune status. The presence of an underrecognized, but highly enzootic, Babesia sp. in baboons may result in substantial, unanticipated impact on research programs. The similarity of this parasite to the known human pathogen B. microti may also pose risks to humans undergoing xenotransplantation, mandating effective screening of donor animals.  (+info)

Simultaneous detection of bovine Theileria and Babesia species by reverse line blot hybridization. (3/319)

A reverse line blot (RLB) assay was developed for the identification of cattle carrying different species of Theileria and Babesia simultaneously. We included Theileria annulata, T. parva, T. mutans, T. taurotragi, and T. velifera in the assay, as well as parasites belonging to the T. sergenti-T. buffeli-T. orientalis group. The Babesia species included were Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, and B. divergens. The assay employs one set of primers for specific amplification of the rRNA gene V4 hypervariable regions of all Theileria and Babesia species. PCR products obtained from blood samples were hybridized to a membrane onto which nine species-specific oligonucleotides were covalently linked. Cross-reactions were not observed between any of the tested species. No DNA sequences from Bos taurus or other hemoparasites (Trypanosoma species, Cowdria ruminantium, Anaplasma marginale, and Ehrlichia species) were amplified. The sensitivity of the assay was determined at 0.000001% parasitemia, enabling detection of the carrier state of most parasites. Mixed DNAs from five different parasites were correctly identified. Moreover, blood samples from cattle experimentally infected with two different parasites reacted only with the corresponding species-specific oligonucleotides. Finally, RLB was used to screen blood samples collected from carrier cattle in two regions of Spain. T. annulata, T. orientalis, and B. bigemina were identified in these samples. In conclusion, the RLB is a versatile technique for simultaneous detection of all bovine tick-borne protozoan parasites. We recommend its use for integrated epidemiological monitoring of tick-borne disease, since RLB can also be used for screening ticks and can easily be expanded to include additional hemoparasite species.  (+info)

Southern extension of the range of human babesiosis in the eastern United States. (4/319)

We sought evidence of babesiosis in three residents of New Jersey who were suspected of local acquisition of Babesia microti infection. We tested serial blood samples from these residents for B. microti antibodies and amplifiable DNA by using immunofluorescent antibody and PCR techniques. All three residents experienced symptoms suggestive of acute babesiosis. The sera of each of the patients reacted against babesial antigen at a titer fourfold or higher in sequentially collected blood samples. PCR-amplifiable DNA, characteristic of B. microti, was detected in their blood. These data suggest that human B. microti infections were acquired recently in New Jersey, extending the range of this piroplasmosis in the northeastern United States.  (+info)

Detection of equine antibodies to babesia caballi by recombinant B. caballi rhoptry-associated protein 1 in a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (5/319)

A competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was developed for detection of equine antibodies specific for Babesia caballi. The assay used recombinant B. caballi rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) and monoclonal antibody (MAb) 79/17.18.5, which is reactive with a peptide epitope of a native 60-kDa B. caballi antigen. The gene encoding the recombinant antigen was sequenced, and database analysis revealed that the gene product is a rhoptry-associated protein. Cloning and expression of a truncated copy of the gene demonstrated that MAb 79/17.18.5 reacts with the C-terminal repeat region of the protein. The cELISA was used to evaluate 302 equine serum samples previously tested for antibodies to B. caballi by a standardized complement fixation test (CFT). The results of cELISA and CFT were 73% concordant. Seventy-two of the 77 serum samples with discordant results were CFT negative and cELISA positive. Further evaluation of the serum samples with discordant results by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) demonstrated that at a serum dilution of 1:200, 48 of the CFT-negative and cELISA-positive serum samples contained antibodies reactive with B. caballi RAP-1. Four of five CFT-positive and cELISA-negative serum samples contained antibodies reactive with B. caballi when they were tested by IFA. These data indicate that following infection with B. caballi, horses consistently produce antibody to the RAP-1 epitope defined by MAb 79/17.18.5, and when used in the cELISA format, recombinant RAP-1 is a useful antigen for the serologic detection of anti-B. caballi antibodies.  (+info)

Isolation of a new subspecies, Bartonella vinsonii subsp. arupensis, from a cattle rancher: identity with isolates found in conjunction with Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti among naturally infected mice. (6/319)

Bacteremia with fever due to a novel subspecies of Bartonella vinsonii was found in a cattle rancher. The subspecies shared major characteristics of the genus Bartonella in terms of most biochemical features and cellular fatty acid profile, but it was distinguishable from other subspecies of B. vinsonii by good growth on heart infusion agar supplemented with X factor and by its pattern of enzymatic hydrolysis of peptide substrates. DNA relatedness studies verified that the isolate belonged to the genus Bartonella and that it was genotypically related to B. vinsonii. The highest level of relatedness was observed with recently characterized strains from naturally infected mice that were coinfected with Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti. We propose the name Bartonella vinsonii subsp. arupensis subsp. nov. as the new subspecies to accommodate these human and murine isolates.  (+info)

Coinfection with multiple tick-borne pathogens in a Walker Hound kennel in North Carolina. (7/319)

Both dogs and humans can be coinfected with various Ehrlichia, Bartonella, Rickettsia, and Babesia species. We investigated a kennel of sick Walker Hounds and their owners in southeastern North Carolina for evidence of tick-borne infections and associated risk factors. A high degree of coinfection was documented in the dog population. Of the 27 dogs, 26 were seroreactive to an Ehrlichia sp., 16 to Babesia canis, and 25 to Bartonella vinsonii, and 22 seroconverted to Rickettsia rickettsii antigens. According to PCR results, 15 dogs were infected with Ehrlichia canis, 9 with Ehrlichia chaffeensis, 8 with Ehrlichia ewingii, 3 with Ehrlichia equi, 9 with Ehrlichia platys, 20 with a Rickettsia species, 16 with a Bartonella species, and 7 with B. canis. The detection of DNA from any Ehrlichia species was associated with clinical illness and with concurrent B. canis infection (by PCR). Both E. canis and an uncharacterized Rickettsia species appeared to result in chronic or recurrent infection. Death in the dog population was associated with living in a dirt lot rather than the concrete kennel. Of 23 people on whom serologic testing was conducted, eight were seroreactive to Bartonella henselae, one to E. chaffeensis, and one to R. rickettsii antigen; however, none had clinical or hematologic abnormalities consistent with illness caused by these organisms. We conclude that kennel dogs with heavy tick exposure can be infected at a high rate with multiple, potentially zoonotic, tick-borne pathogens. In addition, our findings further illustrate the utility of PCR for documenting coinfection with tick-transmitted pathogens.  (+info)

Development of Babesia gibsoni in the midgut of larval tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. (8/319)

Studies were made on the development of Babesia gibsoni in the midgut of the larval tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Six hr after repletion, merozoites of B. gibsoni, freed from erythrocytes, were observed in the midgut contents of the tick. After that, within 24 hr, those merozoites were transformed into the ring-forms which were relatively large, 2-3 microns in diameter. Later, the ring forms developed into the spherical forms which were subelliptical in shape and 4-6 microns in diameter. Within 2-4 days, the elongated forms, 5-8 microns in length, were found. At this time, some of the binucleated fusion form has assumed a form intermediate between the spherical and elongated-forms. About 5-6 days after repletion, large round or elliptic zygotes, 8-10 microns in diameter, were observed in the tick gut.  (+info)

Babesia is a genus of protozoan parasites that infect red blood cells and can cause a disease known as babesiosis in humans and animals. These parasites are transmitted to their hosts through the bite of infected ticks, primarily Ixodes species. Babesia microti is the most common species found in the United States, while Babesia divergens and Babesia venatorum are more commonly found in Europe.

Infection with Babesia can lead to a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, including fever, chills, fatigue, headache, muscle and joint pain, and hemolytic anemia (destruction of red blood cells). Severe cases can result in complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and renal failure. Babesiosis can be particularly severe or even fatal in individuals with weakened immune systems, the elderly, and those without a spleen.

Diagnosis of babesiosis typically involves microscopic examination of blood smears to identify the presence of Babesia parasites within red blood cells, as well as various serological tests and PCR assays. Treatment usually consists of a combination of antibiotics, such as atovaquone and azithromycin, along with anti-malarial drugs like clindamycin or quinine. In severe cases, exchange transfusions may be required to remove infected red blood cells and reduce parasitemia (the proportion of red blood cells infected by the parasite).

Preventive measures include avoiding tick-infested areas, using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and performing regular tick checks after spending time outdoors. Removing ticks promptly and properly can help prevent transmission of Babesia and other tick-borne diseases.

'Babesia microti' is a species of intracellular parasites that infect red blood cells and can cause babesiosis, a type of tick-borne disease. The transmission of this parasite to humans usually occurs through the bite of infected black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis).

The life cycle of 'Babesia microti' involves two hosts: the tick and the mammalian host (such as a mouse or human). In the tick, the parasite undergoes development in the midgut, salivary glands, and ovaries. When an infected tick bites a mammalian host, it injects sporozoites into the skin, which then enter the bloodstream and invade red blood cells. Inside the red blood cells, the parasites multiply asexually, leading to their rupture and release of merozoites that infect other red blood cells.

The symptoms of babesiosis can range from mild to severe, depending on the patient's age, immune status, and the presence of other medical conditions. Mild cases may present with flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, fatigue, and muscle aches. Severe cases can lead to complications such as hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and even death in immunocompromised individuals or those with underlying medical conditions.

Diagnosis of babesiosis typically involves microscopic examination of blood smears for the presence of parasites, as well as serological tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests. Molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can also be used to detect the genetic material of 'Babesia microti' in blood samples.

Treatment of babesiosis usually involves a combination of antiparasitic drugs such as atovaquone and azithromycin or clindamycin and quinine, along with supportive care to manage symptoms and complications. Preventive measures include avoiding tick-infested areas, using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and performing regular tick checks after outdoor activities.

'Babesia bovis' is a species of intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite that causes bovine babesiosis, also known as cattle fever or redwater fever, in cattle. The parasite is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks, primarily from the genus Boophilus (e.g., Boophilus microplus).

The life cycle of 'Babesia bovis' involves two main stages: the sporozoite stage and the merozoite stage. Sporozoites are injected into the host's bloodstream during tick feeding and invade erythrocytes (red blood cells), where they transform into trophozoites. The trophozoites multiply asexually, forming new infective stages called merozoites. These merozoites are released from the infected erythrocytes and invade other red blood cells, continuing the life cycle.

Clinical signs of bovine babesiosis caused by 'Babesia bovis' include fever, anemia, icterus (jaundice), hemoglobinuria (the presence of hemoglobin in the urine), and occasionally neurologic symptoms due to the parasite's ability to invade and damage blood vessels in the brain. The disease can be severe or fatal, particularly in naïve animals or those exposed to high parasitemia levels.

Prevention and control strategies for bovine babesiosis include tick control measures, such as acaricides and environmental management, as well as vaccination using attenuated or recombinant vaccine candidates. Treatment typically involves the use of antiprotozoal drugs, such as imidocarb dipropionate or diminazene accurate, to reduce parasitemia and alleviate clinical signs.

Babesiosis is a disease caused by microscopic parasites of the genus Babesia that infect red blood cells. It is typically transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). The incubation period for babesiosis can range from one to several weeks, and symptoms may include fever, chills, headache, body aches, fatigue, and nausea or vomiting. In severe cases, babesiosis can cause hemolytic anemia, jaundice, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Babesiosis is most common in the northeastern and midwestern United States, but it has been reported in other parts of the world as well. It is treated with antibiotics and, in severe cases, may require hospitalization and supportive care.

"Theileria" is a genus of intracellular parasitic protozoans belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. These parasites are primarily transmitted by ticks and infect various species of mammals, including cattle, sheep, and humans. Theileria species are known to cause significant economic losses in the livestock industry due to the diseases they cause, which can result in severe anemia, fever, and even death in infected animals.

Theileria parasites have a complex life cycle that involves two hosts: the tick vector and the mammalian host. The parasites infect and multiply within the tick's salivary glands and are transmitted to the mammalian host during feeding. Once inside the host, the parasites invade and multiply within the host's white blood cells, causing a variety of clinical symptoms depending on the species of Theileria involved.

One of the most well-known species of Theileria is Theileria parva, which causes East Coast fever in cattle. This disease is highly fatal and can result in mortality rates of up to 90% in infected animals if left untreated. Other notable species include Theileria annulata, which causes Tropical Theileriosis in cattle, and Theileria lestoquardi, which infects sheep and goats.

The diagnosis of Theileria infections typically involves the examination of blood smears or other clinical samples using microscopy, as well as molecular techniques such as PCR to identify the specific species of parasite involved. Treatment options for Theileria infections include the use of antiprotozoal drugs such as buparvaquone and halofuginone, as well as supportive care such as fluid therapy and blood transfusions in severe cases. Preventive measures include the use of tick control strategies such as acaricides and vaccination.

Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are a group of illnesses that can be transmitted to humans and animals through the bite of infected ticks. These diseases are caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Some common TBDs include Lyme disease, Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, Ehrlichiosis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, and Tularemia. The symptoms of TBDs can vary widely depending on the specific disease but may include fever, rash, fatigue, muscle aches, and headaches. Early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment are crucial to prevent potential long-term complications associated with some TBDs. Preventive measures such as using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and checking for ticks after being outdoors can help reduce the risk of TBDs.

Arachnid vectors are arthropods belonging to the class Arachnida that are capable of transmitting infectious diseases to humans and other animals. Arachnids include spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks. Among these, ticks and some mites are the most significant as disease vectors.

Ticks can transmit a variety of bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens, causing diseases such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, tularemia, and several types of encephalitis. They attach to the host's skin and feed on their blood, during which they can transmit pathogens from their saliva.

Mites, particularly chiggers and some species of birds and rodents mites, can also act as vectors for certain diseases, such as scrub typhus and rickettsialpox. Mites are tiny arachnids that live on the skin or in the nests of their hosts and feed on their skin cells, fluids, or blood.

It is important to note that not all arachnids are disease vectors, and only a small percentage of them can transmit infectious diseases. However, those that do pose a significant public health risk and require proper prevention measures, such as using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and checking for and promptly removing attached ticks.

18S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is the smaller subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome, which is the cellular organelle responsible for protein synthesis. The "18S" refers to the sedimentation coefficient of this rRNA molecule, which is a measure of its rate of sedimentation in a centrifuge and is expressed in Svedberg units (S).

The 18S rRNA is a component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome, and it plays a crucial role in the decoding of messenger RNA (mRNA) during protein synthesis. Specifically, the 18S rRNA helps to form the structure of the ribosome and contains several conserved regions that are involved in binding to mRNA and guiding the movement of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) during translation.

The 18S rRNA is also a commonly used molecular marker for evolutionary studies, as its sequence is highly conserved across different species and can be used to infer phylogenetic relationships between organisms. Additionally, the analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences has been widely used in various fields such as ecology, environmental science, and medicine to study biodiversity, biogeography, and infectious diseases.

There doesn't seem to be a specific medical definition for "DNA, protozoan" as it is simply a reference to the DNA found in protozoa. Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic organisms that can be found in various environments such as soil, water, and the digestive tracts of animals.

Protozoan DNA refers to the genetic material present in these organisms. It is composed of nucleic acids, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which contain the instructions for the development, growth, and reproduction of the protozoan.

The DNA in protozoa, like in other organisms, is made up of two strands of nucleotides that coil together to form a double helix. The four nucleotide bases that make up protozoan DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). These bases pair with each other to form the rungs of the DNA ladder, with A always pairing with T and G always pairing with C.

The genetic information stored in protozoan DNA is encoded in the sequence of these nucleotide bases. This information is used to synthesize proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of the organism's cells. Protozoan DNA also contains other types of genetic material, such as regulatory sequences that control gene expression and repetitive elements with no known function.

Understanding the DNA of protozoa is important for studying their biology, evolution, and pathogenicity. It can help researchers develop new treatments for protozoan diseases and gain insights into the fundamental principles of genetics and cellular function.

A medical definition of "ticks" would be:

Ticks are small, blood-sucking parasites that belong to the arachnid family, which also includes spiders. They have eight legs and can vary in size from as small as a pinhead to about the size of a marble when fully engorged with blood. Ticks attach themselves to the skin of their hosts (which can include humans, dogs, cats, and wild animals) by inserting their mouthparts into the host's flesh.

Ticks can transmit a variety of diseases, including Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and babesiosis. It is important to remove ticks promptly and properly to reduce the risk of infection. To remove a tick, use fine-tipped tweezers to grasp the tick as close to the skin's surface as possible and pull upward with steady, even pressure. Do not twist or jerk the tick, as this can cause the mouthparts to break off and remain in the skin. After removing the tick, clean the area with soap and water and disinfect the tweezers.

Preventing tick bites is an important part of protecting against tick-borne diseases. This can be done by wearing protective clothing (such as long sleeves and pants), using insect repellent containing DEET or permethrin, avoiding wooded and brushy areas with high grass, and checking for ticks after being outdoors.

"Ixodes" is a genus of tick that includes several species known to transmit various diseases to humans and animals. These ticks are often referred to as "hard ticks" because of their hard, shield-like plate on their backs. Ixodes ticks have a complex life cycle involving three stages: larva, nymph, and adult. They feed on the blood of hosts during each stage, and can transmit diseases such as Lyme disease, Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, and Powassan virus disease.

The most common Ixodes species in North America is Ixodes scapularis, also known as the black-legged tick or deer tick, which is the primary vector of Lyme disease in this region. In Europe, Ixodes ricinus, or the castor bean tick, is a widespread and important vector of diseases such as Lyme borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis, and several other tick-borne pathogens.

Ixodes ticks are typically found in wooded or grassy areas with high humidity and moderate temperatures. They can be carried by various hosts, including mammals, birds, and reptiles, and can survive for long periods without feeding, making them efficient disease vectors.

There is no medical definition for "dog diseases" as it is too broad a term. However, dogs can suffer from various health conditions and illnesses that are specific to their species or similar to those found in humans. Some common categories of dog diseases include:

1. Infectious Diseases: These are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Examples include distemper, parvovirus, kennel cough, Lyme disease, and heartworms.
2. Hereditary/Genetic Disorders: Some dogs may inherit certain genetic disorders from their parents. Examples include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), and degenerative myelopathy.
3. Age-Related Diseases: As dogs age, they become more susceptible to various health issues. Common age-related diseases in dogs include arthritis, dental disease, cancer, and cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS).
4. Nutritional Disorders: Malnutrition or improper feeding can lead to various health problems in dogs. Examples include obesity, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiencies.
5. Environmental Diseases: These are caused by exposure to environmental factors such as toxins, allergens, or extreme temperatures. Examples include heatstroke, frostbite, and toxicities from ingesting harmful substances.
6. Neurological Disorders: Dogs can suffer from various neurological conditions that affect their nervous system. Examples include epilepsy, intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), and vestibular disease.
7. Behavioral Disorders: Some dogs may develop behavioral issues due to various factors such as anxiety, fear, or aggression. Examples include separation anxiety, noise phobias, and resource guarding.

It's important to note that regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, exercise, and preventative measures can help reduce the risk of many dog diseases.

Cattle diseases are a range of health conditions that affect cattle, which include but are not limited to:

1. Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD): Also known as "shipping fever," BRD is a common respiratory illness in feedlot cattle that can be caused by several viruses and bacteria.
2. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD): A viral disease that can cause a variety of symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, and reproductive issues.
3. Johne's Disease: A chronic wasting disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It primarily affects the intestines and can cause severe diarrhea and weight loss.
4. Digital Dermatitis: Also known as "hairy heel warts," this is a highly contagious skin disease that affects the feet of cattle, causing lameness and decreased productivity.
5. Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK): Also known as "pinkeye," IBK is a common and contagious eye infection in cattle that can cause blindness if left untreated.
6. Salmonella: A group of bacteria that can cause severe gastrointestinal illness in cattle, including diarrhea, dehydration, and septicemia.
7. Leptospirosis: A bacterial disease that can cause a wide range of symptoms in cattle, including abortion, stillbirths, and kidney damage.
8. Blackleg: A highly fatal bacterial disease that causes rapid death in young cattle. It is caused by Clostridium chauvoei and vaccination is recommended for prevention.
9. Anthrax: A serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Cattle can become infected by ingesting spores found in contaminated soil, feed or water.
10. Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD): A highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals, including cattle. It is characterized by fever and blisters on the feet, mouth, and teats. FMD is not a threat to human health but can have serious economic consequences for the livestock industry.

It's important to note that many of these diseases can be prevented or controlled through good management practices, such as vaccination, biosecurity measures, and proper nutrition. Regular veterinary care and monitoring are also crucial for early detection and treatment of any potential health issues in your herd.

Theileriasis is a disease caused by the intracellular parasitic protozoa of the genus Theileria, which primarily infects and affects the erythrocytes (red blood cells) and lymphocytes (white blood cells) of various animals, including domestic and wild ruminants. This disease is mainly transmitted through the bite of infected ticks.

Infection with Theileria parasites can lead to a wide range of clinical signs in affected animals, depending on the specific Theileria species involved and the immune status of the host. Some common symptoms include fever, anemia, weakness, weight loss, lymphadenopathy (swelling of the lymph nodes), jaundice, and abortion in pregnant animals.

Two major Theileria species that cause significant economic losses in livestock are:

1. Theileria parva: This species is responsible for East Coast fever in cattle, which is a severe and often fatal disease endemic to Eastern and Southern Africa.
2. Theileria annulata: This species causes Tropical theileriosis or Mediterranean coast fever in cattle and buffaloes, primarily found in regions around the Mediterranean basin, Middle East, and Asia.

Preventive measures for theileriasis include tick control, use of live vaccines, and management practices that reduce exposure to infected ticks. Treatment options are limited but may involve chemotherapeutic agents such as buparvaquone or parvaquone, which can help control parasitemia (parasite multiplication in the blood) and alleviate clinical signs. However, these treatments do not provide complete immunity against reinfection.

Antibodies, protozoan, refer to the immune system's response to an infection caused by a protozoan organism. Protozoa are single-celled microorganisms that can cause various diseases in humans, such as malaria, giardiasis, and toxoplasmosis.

When the body is infected with a protozoan, the immune system responds by producing specific proteins called antibodies. Antibodies are produced by a type of white blood cell called a B-cell, and they recognize and bind to specific antigens on the surface of the protozoan organism.

There are five main types of antibodies: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each type of antibody has a different role in the immune response. For example, IgG is the most common type of antibody and provides long-term immunity to previously encountered pathogens. IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection and is important for activating the complement system, which helps to destroy the protozoan organism.

Overall, the production of antibodies against protozoan organisms is a critical part of the immune response and helps to protect the body from further infection.

A "tick infestation" is not a formal medical term, but it generally refers to a situation where an individual has a large number of ticks (Ixodida: Acarina) on their body or in their living environment. Ticks are external parasites that feed on the blood of mammals, birds, and reptiles.

An infestation can occur in various settings, including homes, gardens, parks, and forests. People who spend time in these areas, especially those with pets or who engage in outdoor activities like camping, hiking, or hunting, are at a higher risk of tick encounters.

Tick infestations can lead to several health concerns, as ticks can transmit various diseases, such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and babesiosis, among others. It is essential to take preventive measures to avoid tick bites and promptly remove any attached ticks to reduce the risk of infection.

If you suspect a tick infestation in your living environment or on your body, consult a healthcare professional or a pest control expert for proper assessment and guidance on how to proceed.

I understand you are asking for a medical definition of "Horse Diseases." However, it's important to note that there isn't a specific medical field dedicated to horse diseases as we typically categorize medical fields by human diseases and conditions. Veterinary medicine is the field responsible for studying, diagnosing, and treating diseases in animals, including horses.

Here's a general definition of 'Horse Diseases':

Horse diseases are health issues or medical conditions that affect equine species, particularly horses. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections; genetic predispositions; environmental factors; and metabolic disorders. Examples of horse diseases include Strangles (Streptococcus equi), Equine Influenza, Equine Herpesvirus, West Nile Virus, Rabies, Potomac Horse Fever, Lyme Disease, and internal or external parasites like worms and ticks. Additionally, horses can suffer from musculoskeletal disorders such as arthritis, laminitis, and various injuries. Regular veterinary care, preventative measures, and proper management are crucial for maintaining horse health and preventing diseases.

Antigens are substances (usually proteins) found on the surface of cells, or viruses, that can be recognized by the immune system and stimulate an immune response. In the context of protozoa, antigens refer to the specific proteins or other molecules found on the surface of these single-celled organisms that can trigger an immune response in a host organism.

Protozoa are a group of microscopic eukaryotic organisms that include a diverse range of species, some of which can cause diseases in humans and animals. When a protozoan infects a host, the host's immune system recognizes the protozoan antigens as foreign and mounts an immune response to eliminate the infection. This response involves the activation of various types of immune cells, such as T-cells and B-cells, which recognize and target the protozoan antigens.

Understanding the nature of protozoan antigens is important for developing vaccines and other immunotherapies to prevent or treat protozoan infections. For example, researchers have identified specific antigens on the surface of the malaria parasite that are recognized by the human immune system and have used this information to develop vaccine candidates. However, many protozoan infections remain difficult to prevent or treat, and further research is needed to identify new targets for vaccines and therapies.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nymph" does not have a medical definition. In general, nymph is a term used in mythology to refer to a minor nature deity typically represented as an attractive maiden or beautiful young woman who animates nature and is often associated with various natural phenomena.

If you have any medical concerns or questions, I would be happy to help if you could provide more information.

'Anaplasma phagocytophilum' is a gram-negative bacterium that causes Anaplasmosis, a tick-borne disease in humans. It infects and survives within granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle pain, and chills. In severe cases, it can cause complications like respiratory failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and even death. It is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks, primarily the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) in the United States and the sheep tick (Ixodes ricinus) in Europe. Proper diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are crucial for managing this infection.

Piroplasmida is an order of tick-borne intracellular parasites that infect the red blood cells of various mammals, including humans. These parasites are part of the phylum Apicomplexa and include two main genera: Babesia and Theileria.

Babesia spp. are primarily responsible for causing babesiosis in animals and humans, while Theileria spp. mainly infect cattle, causing a disease known as East Coast fever or Corridor disease. Transmission of these parasites occurs through the bite of infected ticks during their blood meal.

The life cycle of Piroplasmida involves several stages, including sporozoites, merozoites, and gametes. Sporozoites are injected into the host's bloodstream by an infected tick and invade red blood cells, where they multiply as merozoites. These merozoites can then infect other red blood cells or be taken up by another tick during its blood meal, continuing the life cycle.

Symptoms of babesiosis in humans may include fever, chills, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and hemolytic anemia. In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), or even death. Treatment typically involves antiparasitic drugs like atovaquone and azithromycin, along with supportive care for managing symptoms.

"Rhipicephalus" is a genus of ticks that are commonly found in many parts of the world, including Africa, Europe, and Asia. These ticks are known to parasitize various mammals, birds, and reptiles, and can transmit a variety of diseases to their hosts. Some species of Rhipicephalus ticks are capable of transmitting serious diseases to humans, such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and African tick-bite fever. These ticks are usually found in grassy or wooded areas, and can be carried by animals such as cattle, sheep, and deer. They are typically reddish-brown in color and have a hard, shield-shaped body. Proper identification and prevention measures are important for avoiding tick bites and reducing the risk of tick-borne diseases.

Arthropod vectors are living organisms, specifically arthropods such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, and lice, that can transmit infectious agents (such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites) from one host to another. This process is called vector-borne transmission. The arthropod vectors become infected with the pathogen while taking a blood meal from an infected host, then transmit the pathogen to another host during subsequent feedings. The transmission can occur through various means, including biting, stinging, or even mechanical contact. It's important to note that not all arthropods are vectors, and only certain species within each group are capable of transmitting diseases.

Parasitemia is a medical term that refers to the presence of parasites, particularly malaria-causing Plasmodium species, in the bloodstream. It is the condition where red blood cells are infected by these parasites, which can lead to various symptoms such as fever, chills, anemia, and organ damage in severe cases. The level of parasitemia is often used to assess the severity of malaria infection and to guide treatment decisions.

"Papio cynocephalus" is a scientific name for a species of old world monkey, commonly known as the yellow baboon. It's not typically used in a medical context, but I can provide some general biological information about it if that would be helpful.

Yellow baboons are native to the savannas and woodlands of eastern and southern Africa. They have a distinct appearance with a dog-like face (hence the species name "cynocephalus," which means "dog-headed" in Greek) and a long, close-set coat that is yellowish-brown or olive green in color. Adult males can weigh between 33 to 82 pounds (15 to 37 kg), while females are smaller and typically weigh between 14 to 33 pounds (6 to 15 kg).

Yellow baboons live in large social groups called troops, which can consist of up to 200 individuals. They have a complex hierarchical social structure based on age, sex, and dominance. Their diet is omnivorous, consisting of fruits, seeds, nuts, insects, and small vertebrates.

In terms of medical relevance, yellow baboons are sometimes used as animal models in biomedical research due to their close genetic relationship with humans (they share about 96% of their DNA sequence with us). However, it's important to note that using non-human primates in research is a controversial topic and subject to ethical considerations.

"Cattle" is a term used in the agricultural and veterinary fields to refer to domesticated animals of the genus *Bos*, primarily *Bos taurus* (European cattle) and *Bos indicus* (Zebu). These animals are often raised for meat, milk, leather, and labor. They are also known as bovines or cows (for females), bulls (intact males), and steers/bullocks (castrated males). However, in a strict medical definition, "cattle" does not apply to humans or other animals.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "horses" is not a medical term. It is the common name given to the species *Equus ferus caballus*, which are large domesticated mammals used for transportation, work, and recreation. If you have any questions about horses or a related topic that you would like a medical perspective on, please let me know and I'd be happy to help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "antelopes" is a common name that refers to a group of hoofed mammals in the family Bovidae. They are not a medical term or concept. Antelopes are known for their speed and agility, and they are found primarily in Africa, with a few species in Asia.

If you have any questions related to biology, veterinary medicine, or any other scientific field, I would be happy to help answer them to the best of my ability!

Imidocarb is an antiprotozoal drug that is primarily used in veterinary medicine to treat trypanosomiasis (surra) and babesiosis infections in animals. It works by inhibiting the nucleic acid synthesis of the protozoan parasites, leading to their eventual death.

Imidocarb is available as an injectable solution for use in animals and is not typically used in human medicine. As with any medication, it should only be administered under the guidance and supervision of a licensed veterinarian or medical professional.

Diminazene is an antiparasitic drug, primarily used in veterinary medicine to treat and prevent infections caused by trypanosomes, which are protozoan parasites that can affect both animals and humans. The drug works by inhibiting the protein synthesis of the parasite, leading to its death.

In human medicine, diminazene is used as an alternative treatment for acute African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in areas where other treatments are not available or have failed. It is usually given by intramuscular injection and is often used in combination with suramin.

It's important to note that the use of diminazene in human medicine is limited due to its potential toxicity, and it should only be administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

Anaplasma is a genus of intracellular bacteria that infect and parasitize the white blood cells of various animals, including humans. It is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks. The most common species that infect humans are Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma platys.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), a tick-borne disease characterized by fever, headache, muscle pain, and leukopenia. It infects granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, and can cause severe complications such as respiratory failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and even death in some cases.

Anaplasma platys causes canine cyclic thrombocytopenia, a disease that affects dogs and is characterized by recurring low platelet counts. It infects platelets, another type of blood cell involved in clotting, and can cause bleeding disorders in affected animals.

Diagnosis of Anaplasma infections typically involves the detection of antibodies against the bacteria or the direct identification of the organism through molecular methods such as PCR. Treatment usually involves the use of antibiotics such as doxycycline, which is effective against both species of Anaplasma. Prevention measures include avoiding tick-infested areas and using insect repellents and protective clothing to reduce the risk of tick bites.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Protozoan Proteins" is not a specific medical or scientific term. Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic organisms, and proteins are large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acid residues. Therefore, "Protozoan Proteins" generally refers to the various types of proteins found in protozoa.

However, if you're looking for information about proteins specific to certain protozoan parasites with medical relevance (such as Plasmodium falciparum, which causes malaria), I would be happy to help! Please provide more context or specify the particular protozoan of interest.

Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) in the northeastern and upper midwestern United States and western black-legged ticks (Ixodes pacificus) in the western United States.

The bacterium infects and reproduces within certain white blood cells, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, and chills that typically appear within 1-2 weeks after a tick bite. Other possible symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, and a rash (although a rash is uncommon).

Anaplasmosis can be diagnosed through blood tests that detect the presence of antibodies against the bacterium or the DNA of the organism itself. It is usually treated with antibiotics such as doxycycline, which are most effective when started early in the course of the disease.

Preventing tick bites is the best way to avoid anaplasmosis and other tick-borne diseases. This can be done by using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, avoiding wooded and brushy areas with high grass, and checking for ticks after being outdoors. If a tick is found, it should be removed promptly using fine-tipped tweezers, grasping the tick as close to the skin as possible and pulling straight upwards with steady pressure.

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs), are the most common type of blood cell in circulating blood in mammals. They are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

Erythrocytes are formed in the bone marrow and have a biconcave shape, which allows them to fold and bend easily as they pass through narrow blood vessels. They do not have a nucleus or mitochondria, which makes them more flexible but also limits their ability to reproduce or repair themselves.

In humans, erythrocytes are typically disc-shaped and measure about 7 micrometers in diameter. They contain the protein hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives blood its red color. The lifespan of an erythrocyte is approximately 120 days, after which it is broken down in the liver and spleen.

Abnormalities in erythrocyte count or function can lead to various medical conditions, such as anemia, polycythemia, and sickle cell disease.

Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. They are caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi that naturally infect non-human animals and can sometimes infect and cause disease in humans through various transmission routes like direct contact with infected animals, consumption of contaminated food or water, or vectors like insects. Some well-known zoonotic diseases include rabies, Lyme disease, salmonellosis, and COVID-19 (which is believed to have originated from bats). Public health officials work to prevent and control zoonoses through various measures such as surveillance, education, vaccination, and management of animal populations.

Rodent-borne diseases are infectious diseases transmitted to humans (and other animals) by rodents, their parasites or by contact with rodent urine, feces, or saliva. These diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Some examples of rodent-borne diseases include Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Leptospirosis, Salmonellosis, Rat-bite fever, and Plague. It's important to note that rodents can also cause allergic reactions in some people through their dander, urine, or saliva. Proper sanitation, rodent control measures, and protective equipment when handling rodents can help prevent the spread of these diseases.

There are 15 avian species of Babesia, and four Babesia have been reported from sea hosts. Babesia poelea was described from ... Babesia microti, however, is not part of the genus Babesia. Due to historical misclassifications, the protozoan has been ... Babesia show host specificity, allowing many different subspecies of Babesia to emerge, each infecting a different kind of ... It also introduces the Babesia into the intermediate host (e.g. cattle) when taking a blood meal. As Babesia enter the animal's ...
... is a species belonging to Alveolata and the family Babesiidae. In sheep causes babesiosis disease, called "sheep ... babesiosis". Babesia motasi is quite big protozoa. Length 2,5-5 µm, usually pear-shaped. Is rare in erythrocytes. Furmaga, ...
... is transmitted transovarially, from the female ticks to the eggs, and can remain resident in tick populations for ... Babesia bovis is an Apicomplexan single-celled parasite of cattle which occasionally infects humans. The disease it and other ... The involvement of the larval stage of the ticks in the cycle is specific to B. bovis; other Babesia species only involve adult ... The chief vector of Babesia species is the southern cattle fever tick Rhipicephalus microplus (formerly Boophilus microplus). ...
... is an intraerythrocytic parasite, transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus. It is the main agent of bovine ... Zintl, A; Mulcahy, G; Skerrett, HE; Taylor, SM; Gray, JS (2003). "Babesia divergens, a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and ... Lobo, Cheryl-Ann (January 2005). "Babesia divergens and Plasmodium falciparum Use Common Receptors, Glycophorins A and B, To ... Heidi K. Goethert & Sam R. 3rd Telford (2003). "Enzootic transmission of Babesia divergens among cottontail rabbits on ...
... is a species belonging to Alveolata and the family Babesiidae. In horses, it causes the babesiosis disease, ...
... is a species of alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa and the family Babesiidae, a type of protozoan ... 2017). "Direct blood PCR detection of Babesia bigemina and its effect on haematological and biochemical profile in crossbred ... 2019). "PCR detection of Ehrlichia ruminantium and Babesia bigemina in cattle from Kwara State, Nigeria: Unexpected absence of ... Babesia, Protists described in 1926, Parasites of mammals, All stub articles, Apicomplexa stubs). ...
Verdun N, Malarkey MA (6 March 2018). Approval Letter -Babesia microti AFIA/Babesia microti AFIA for Blood Donor Screening (PDF ... microti was thought to belong to the genus Babesia, as Babesia microti, until ribosomal RNA comparisons placed it in the sister ... The genome of Babesia microti has been sequenced and published. The mitochondrial genome is circular. In May 2010, it was ... Babesia microti is a parasitic blood-borne piroplasm transmitted by deer ticks. B. microti is responsible for the disease ...
"Babesia Infection in Dogs". Archived from the original on 2014-02-16. Retrieved 2013-12-06. "Babesia". Companion Animal ... Babesia canis is a parasite that infects red blood cells and can lead to anemia. This is a species that falls under the ... "Babesia Canis". Cornell. Irwin, Peter. "Canine Babesiosis" (PDF). Canine Babesiosis: 1141. Archived from the original (PDF) on ... "The first evidence for vertical transmission of Babesia canis in a litter of Central Asian Shepherd dogs". Annals of ...
... is an unclassified species of Babesia, identified from a 18S ribosomal gene partial sequence ... ". "Babesia sp. 'North Carolina dog' 18S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence". 11 January 2001. Retrieved 1 January 2019 - via ...
PLOS ONE Staff (2019-08-14). "Correction: Molecular epidemiology and risk factors of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. and Theileria ... Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii and Babesia canis vogeli in ticks from Israel". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 17 (3 ...
... and Babesia sp. in Southern Germany". International Journal of Medical Microbiology. Proceedings of the VII International ...
Nuttall and Graham-Smith also worked together on a series of studies of canine Piroplasma canis, now known as Babesia canis, a ... Uilenberg, Gerrit (2006). "Babesia - historical overview". Veterinary Parasitology. 138 (1): 3-10. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01 ... Schetters, Theo (2019). "Mechanisms involved in the persistence of Babesia canis infection in dogs". Pathogens. 8 (3): 94. doi: ...
A molecular Bayesian study of Babesia and Theileria species along with Plasmodium species suggests that Babesia and Theileria ... The vectors of Babesia and Theileria - ticks - evolved 350 million years ago ± 23 million years ago. The hard (Ixodidae) and ... Examination of the actin genes suggests that Plasmodium is more closely related to the coccidians than to the Babesia/Theileria ... Schnittger, Leonhard; Rodriguez, Anabel E; Florin-Christensen, Monica; Morrison, David A (2012). "Babesia: A world emerging". ...
Babesia canis rossi, Babesia bigemina, and Babesia bovis cause particularly severe forms of the disease, including a severe ... Little is known about the occurrence of Babesia species in malaria-endemic areas, where Babesia can easily be misdiagnosed as ... Babesia canis and B. bigemina are "large Babesia species" that form paired merozoites in the erythrocytes, commonly described ... Only specialized laboratories can adequately diagnose Babesia infection in humans, so Babesia infections are considered highly ...
"Babesia microti (ID 11700) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31. "Index of /genomes/refseq/protozoa/ ... "Index of /genomes/refseq/protozoa/Babesia_microti/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000691945.2_ASM69194v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. ...
ISBN 978-1-84076-578-6. Hoyte, HMD (November 1961). "Initial Development of Infections with Babesia bigeminal*". The Journal of ...
... toxoplasmosis and babesia canis; recombinant hirudin, α-1-antitrypsin, gamma-interferon and interleukins, and variants thereof ...
2014 - Babesia spp, Enfermedades Infecciosas de Homo sapiens. ISBN 9789588843155. Silvia Blair Archived 2020-08-31 at the ...
This species is also now known not to belong to either of the genera Babesia or Theileria and a new genus will have to be ... The mitochondrial genome of Babesia microti is circular. ... smallest Apicomplexan genome from the human pathogen Babesia ...
"Sexuality in piroplasms as revealed by electron microscopy in Babesia microti". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80 (10): 2966-70 ... They include the tick parasites Babesia and Theileria. They are minute rounded or pyriform parasites found within erythrocytes ...
"Experimental transmission of Babesia microti by Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides". Li et al. Parasites & Vectors. Retrieved 11 ...
Anthemosoma*, Babesia, Cytauxzoon, Echinozoon*, Haemohormidium*, Sauroplasma*, Serpentoplasma*, Theileria. Nephromycida ...
Development of Babesia in the tick is complex and includes sexual reproduction. These Babesia are transmitted from adult female ... against Babesia bigemina and Babesia argentina infections". American Journal of Veterinary Research. 34 (9): 1153-61. PMID ... Other species of Babesia are transmitted by three-host ticks in ways similar to Theileria protozoa, as described below. In ... Babesia bovis protozoa are transmitted by R. microplus and cause babesiosis or redwater fever in cattle throughout the tropics ...
Genera: Babesia Starcovivi, 1893 Echinozoon Garnham, 1951 "IRMNG - Babesiidae". www.irmng.org. Retrieved 18 June 2021. ( ...
Babesia microti is transmitted by ixodes ticks and causes babesiosis. Transfusion-associated babesiosis has been documented. ...
Texas fever is a disease caused by infection with Babesia. Texas fever may also refer to: Texas Fever, an album by Orange Juice ...
The genus Microbabesia may be synonymous with that of Babesia. Further work in this area will be need to clarify this. Sohns ...
It is used to treat Babesia infection (babesiosis) dogs, horses, and cattle. Because the drug causes frequent allergic ... "Phenamidine in the treatment of Babesia bigemina infections of cattle". Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. 41 (1): ...
Parasitisation by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi is common (2008). The horse is probably mainly used as a means of ... "Diagnosis of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infections in horses in Sudan using ELISA and PCR". Parasitology Research. 103 ...
It began screening for babesia in 2015 and zika in 2016. In 2015, Donald C. Berglund, CEO was compensated $342,201 salary plus ...
There are 15 avian species of Babesia, and four Babesia have been reported from sea hosts. Babesia poelea was described from ... Babesia microti, however, is not part of the genus Babesia. Due to historical misclassifications, the protozoan has been ... Babesia show host specificity, allowing many different subspecies of Babesia to emerge, each infecting a different kind of ... It also introduces the Babesia into the intermediate host (e.g. cattle) when taking a blood meal. As Babesia enter the animals ...
I read that the Babesia cycle is somewhere between 4-7 days but Im not sure exactly what that means. Does this mean you always ... I dont know for sure the lifecycle of Babesia but I did know Lyme which was an every month event like clockwork at the start ... I read that the Babesia cycle is somewhere between 4-7 days but Im not sure exactly what that means. Does this mean you always ... I had Lyme and babesia, and while I could sense feeling better and worse at various times, the overall picture of gradually ...
Babesiosis; Babesia microti; Babesia duncani; Babesia divergens; Babesia MO-1. ...
Mark Babesia and TBEV: tick-borne pathogens which may be difficult to diagnose Svensson, Joel LU (2023) In Lund University, ... Mark Babesia divergens Shows Equal Predilection for Human ABO Blood Types in an In Vitro Erythrocyte Preference Assay. Tijani, ...
Babesia duncani-"Left Coast" Babesia?. As noted earlier, Babesia is a specific family or "genus" of pathogens and there are ... Another reason Babesia is concerning is its invasion of the blood supply. Babesia can survive blood banking conditions and ... The West Coast of the US has at least one species which infects humans: Babesia duncani (Babesia divergens has also been found ... At least one study in mice co-infected with Babesia and Borrelia showed that Babesia hindered the acquired immune response, ...
Babesia divergens (Europe), Babesia venatorum (Europe, China), and rarely other species. Currently, only serology for Babesia ... If Babesia serology is requested without specifying the suspected species, or if Babesia microti serology is requested, samples ... Cross-reactivity is not usually reported between Babesia species-specific IFAs, therefore a negative Babesia microti IFA does ... Babesia - Microscopy and PCR. Updates:. Effective July 1, 2023, babesiosis was added under the list of diseases of public ...
OBJECTIVES: A molecular study was carried out in North Khorasan province, Iran in 2010-2011, designed to identify Babesia spp. ... using microcopic examination while 80 blood samples were piroplasm positive in the first round of semi-nested PCR and Babesia ... "Molecular detection of Babesia spp in sheep and vector ticks in North Khorasan province, Iran". , 8, 1, 1393, 35-39. doi: ... Molecular detection of Babesia spp in sheep and vector ticks in North Khorasan province, Iran. , 1393; 8(1): 35-39. doi: ...
Doxycycline, Babesia gibsoni, RT-PCR, Growth inhibition Abstract. Doxycycline sensitivity against in vitro cultured Babesia ... Evaluation of doxycycline sensitivity in vitro against Babesia gibsoni by Real Time-PCR Authors. * MH Talukder Department of ... Talukder, M., Matsuu, A., & Hikasa, Y. (2014). Evaluation of doxycycline sensitivity in vitro against Babesia gibsoni by Real ...
Babesia, Ehrlichia, and Bartonella. Dr. Matz DC Mar 18, 2023 Adrenals & Chronic fatigue syndrome, Autoimmune, Brain / ... Babesia, Ehrlichia, and Bartonella are three bacterial infections that are known to cause a variety of health problems in ... In conclusion, Babesia, Ehrlichia, and Bartonella infections are known to cause a range of health problems, including blood- ... Babesia infection has been linked to a range of neurological disorders, including encephalopathy, ataxia, and seizures (Source ...
Zintl, A., McGrath, G., OGrady, L. et al. Changing epidemiology of the tick-borne bovine parasite, Babesia divergens. ... Changing epidemiology of the tick-borne bovine parasite, Babesia divergens. *A Zintl. 1, ... Bovine babesiosis is caused by the tick-borne blood parasite, Babesia divergens. A survey of veterinary practitioners and ...
Babesia canis Latest Babesia canis posts. For the love of dog(s): Current distribution of the ornate dog tick in the Czech ...
Borrelia-Babesia, 10 vials. *For temporary relief of symptoms related to Lyme Disease including rash, fever, chills, fatigue, ... It is often accompanied by the Babesia microti parasite, the Ehrlichia bacteria which play havoc with the immune systems, and ...
Babesia microti. Babesia microti is an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite that produces a malarialike illness and is the ...
Babesia spp.) case definitions; uniform criteria used to define a disease for public health surveillance. ...
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Babesia microti, the causative agent of human babesiosis, is primarily transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes. Upon ...
Babesia bovis. qPCR as an approach to detecting and simultaneously quantifying pathogens is the method of choice given its ... Babesia bovis. Product code: PKIT12007. *150 tests per kit: exceptional cost per data point ...
Babesia caballi and Theileria equi (formerly Babesia equi). Distribution: from the tropics and subtropics to the temperate ... Babesia vulpes (formerly Babesia microti-like, B. annae). Distribution: north west Spain, Central Europa including England. ... Babesia major. Distribution: Central Europe in small endemic areas.In Germany, only on the North Sea islands Amrum, Norderney ... Babesia canis. B. canis is transmitted by Dermacentor reticulatus (ornate dog tick) and is more virulent than B. vogeli. A ...
Babesia caballi and Theileria equi (formerly Babesia equi). Distribution: from the tropics and subtropics to the temperate ... Babesia vulpes (formerly Babesia microti-like, B. annae). Distribution: north west Spain, Central Europa including England. ... Babesia major. Distribution: Central Europe in small endemic areas.In Germany, only on the North Sea islands Amrum, Norderney ... Babesia canis. B. canis is transmitted by Dermacentor reticulatus (ornate dog tick) and is more virulent than B. vogeli. A ...
Babesia microti. Babesia microti is an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite that produces a malarialike illness and is the ...
Babesia is taxing on the body. People feel a sense of abandonment, isolation.. Symptoms of Babesia/Babesiosis. As mentioned ... As for Babesia and Lyme disease it is good to finally see some mention of ticks and Lyme disease in the news lets hope this ... Babesia infection may be transmitted with or without Lyme disease and it is not known to be associated with a Bulls-eye rash. ... Babesia microiti is a parasitic protozoan which penetrates red blood cells and causes the disease Babesiosis. It is also the ...
Babesia: Blood Parasites. October 7, 2021. in Health / life / Medicare tagged babesia / babesia microti / babesiosis / blood ... babesia. Parasites in Your Blood? Babesiosis is one diagnosis that will make anyone cringe. A condition caused by a parasite ...
Babesia microti p41 was found to be expressed in all developmental stages of the merozoites and is considered an immunogenic ...
021 851 3511. Please note we work on an appointment basis.. ...
Babesia: Wreaking Havoc on the Body. October 4, 2021. in Health / life / Medicare tagged babesia / babesia in the blood / ... babesia. Blood Cell Parasites? Babesiosis is one diagnosis that could make anyone cringe! A condition where a parasite ...
Posts Tagged babesia. What To Look For If Your Pet Is Bitten By A Tick By Dr. Lelan Olsen , April 11, 2016 , 0 ... Babesia is a protozoan organism that is transmitted to dogs and cats from the American dog tick or the brown dog tick. This ... Posted in Uncategorized and tagged anaplasmosis, babesia, bitten by a tick, canin ehrlichiosis, hemobartonella, illnesses in ...
  • Common names of the disease that Babesia microti causes are Texas cattle fever, redwater fever, tick fever, and Nantucket fever. (wikipedia.org)
  • Babesia microti, however, is not part of the genus Babesia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to historical misclassifications, the protozoan has been labeled with many names, including Nuttallia, and was renamed from Babesia microti to Theileria microti based on evidence from 2006. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genome of B. microti has been sequenced and shows that the species does not belong to either Babesia or Theileria, but instead to a separate genus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Babesia microti in a thin blood smear. (cdc.gov)
  • Axillary temperature was initially 36.8°C but in- States, principally caused by Babesia microti ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Babesia microti, Babesia duncani and Babesia divergens/MO-1. (rchsd.org)
  • Babesia microti, the most common infectious parasite in the US, is typically found where Lyme disease is found-the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest, although most reported cases come from the Northeast. (lymedisease.org)
  • Currently, only serology for Babesia microti is available at PHO. (publichealthontario.ca)
  • Babesia microti serology testing is forwarded to the National Reference Centre for Parasitology (NRCP) in Montreal. (publichealthontario.ca)
  • Babesia microti serology testing is performed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). (publichealthontario.ca)
  • Babesia microti, the causative agent of human babesiosis, is primarily transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes. (bbisolutions.com)
  • Babesia microti p41 was found to be expressed in all developmental stages of the merozoites and is considered an immunogenic protein. (surmodics.com)
  • Congenital Babesiosis After Maternal Infection With Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti. (danielcameronmd.com)
  • The Babesia microti/duncani PCR screen is an assay that detects Babesia DNA in whole blood and speciates to B. microti and B. duncani. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
  • Babesia microti is the species of Babesia that infect humans. (vin.com)
  • A " Babesia microti -like" Babesia has been found in dogs in North America. (vin.com)
  • Inhibitory effects of 19 antiprotozoal drugs and antibiotics on Babesia microti infection in BALB/c mice. (lymenet.org)
  • Different results have been achieved in the evaluation of antiparasitic drug activity in Mongolian jirds, hamsters, and BALB/c mice infected with Babesia microti. (lymenet.org)
  • There are more than 100 distinct strains of the babesia parasite, but the most common strain that infects humans is known as babesia microti and babesia duncani . (jillcarnahan.com)
  • Several Babesia species have been found to infect humans with B. microti responsible for the majority of cases worldwide. (nature.com)
  • Babesia microti, and Anaplasma phagocytophila in Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in Northern New Jersey. (personalconsult.com)
  • PCR analysis of Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in New Jersey identified infections with Borrelia burgdorferi (33.6%), Babesia microti (8.4%), Anaplasma phagocytophila (1.9%), and Bartonella spp. (personalconsult.com)
  • 450-033-Series Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, Ehrlichia spp. (biogx.com)
  • The tick that serves as the vector for Babesia microti is called Ixodes scapularis . (cdc.gov)
  • The cause was identified as Babesia microti and the disease became known as "Nantucket fever. (cdc.gov)
  • Babesia microti cases cluster mainly along the coastal northeastern region and the upper midwestern regions of the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States, most infections are caused by Babesia microti , a species commonly found in mice. (medscape.com)
  • Babesia species infect livestock worldwide, wild and domestic vertebrate animals, and occasionally humans, where they cause the disease babesiosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most commonly reported tick-borne disease after Lyme disease is babesiosis, caused by infection with the parasite Babesia. (lymedisease.org)
  • Bovine babesiosis is caused by the tick-borne blood parasite, Babesia divergens . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Babesiosis ( Babesia spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Babesiosis, caused by babesia, is one diagnosis that could make anyone cringe! (empowerlifeinsurance.com)
  • Although the index of suspicion should be high in areas endemic for Babesia infection, patients with babesiosis have few, if any, localizing signs to suggest the disease. (medscape.com)
  • Бабезіоз Babesiosis is infection with Babesia species of protozoa. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Infected organ transplantation has also led to Babesia transmission and infection by this route is especially problematic. (lymedisease.org)
  • RESULTS: Piroplasm infection was detected in 37 blood smears using microcopic examination while 80 blood samples were piroplasm positive in the first round of semi-nested PCR and Babesia ovis was only detected in 6 (6.6%) of positive samples in the second round of semi-nested PCR. (ac.ir)
  • Studies have shown that Babesia infection can lead to damage to the blood-brain barrier, which is the protective barrier that separates the brain from the bloodstream. (holisticcharlotte.com)
  • Babesia infection may be transmitted with or without Lyme disease and it is not known to be associated with a Bull's-eye rash. (laedwardswriter.com)
  • In this blog post, we'll explore why EWOT should be at the top of your list when considering treatments for a might-have-been or existing case of Babesia infection. (onethousandroads.com)
  • Common symptoms of a Babesia infection include air hunger and fatigue. (onethousandroads.com)
  • Infection occurs when a Babesia -infected tick bites a dog and releases Babesia sporozoites into the dog's bloodstream. (vin.com)
  • In fact, for Babesia gibsoni , which is primarily a pit bull terrier infection, ticks are a minor cause of infection with maternal transmission and bite wounds as the chief routes of transmission. (vin.com)
  • An assortment of neurologic signs can occur with Babesia infection when parasites sequester inside the central nervous system and generate a more localized focus of inflammation. (vin.com)
  • In some instances, Babesia gibsoni has been detected in newborn puppies, so it is also considered as transplacental transmission route of infection. (ivami.com)
  • The experimental ELISA described may prove to he a practical serological test for bovine Babesia infection with the choice of specific test antigen for B. bovis and B. bigemina. (unesp.br)
  • I find that my patients who also have this co-infection of babesia in addition to Lyme disease tend to present with more severe symptoms and fare slightly worse. (jillcarnahan.com)
  • It is reported that up to 40% of patients with Lyme disease also have Babesia as a co-infection. (jillcarnahan.com)
  • What Are the Symptoms of a Babesia Infection? (jillcarnahan.com)
  • A babesia infection can present with a wide range of symptoms - from nonexistent to life-threatening. (jillcarnahan.com)
  • Another Babesia species Babesia duncani has previously been shown to cause severe infection in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals and causes lethal infection in immunocompetent mice and hamsters. (nature.com)
  • If you talk to a patient with a bulls-eye rash, one of eleven possible Lyme rashes, which is 99% proof of a Lyme infection, you will learn that most of their physicians do not test for Bartonella or Babesia. (personalconsult.com)
  • Babesia infection is a significant tick-borne disease caused by various species of Babesia organisms. (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • In general, symptoms are less severe with Babesia Canis infection than with Babesia Gibsoni, even they have the similar clinical signs. (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • Dogs infected with babesia may present with a wide variety of symptoms ranging in severity from a sudden collapse with systemic shock, to a hemolytic crisis (the body attacks and destroys the red blood cells called hemolysis), to a subtle and slowly progressing infection with no apparent clinical signs. (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • infection in a small cohort of dogs at a veterinary hospital and to perform molecular characterization of the Babesia species causing the infection. (huji.ac.il)
  • Babesia infection is most commonly seen in the north midwestern and northeastern United States. (medscape.com)
  • Babesia, also called Nuttallia, is an apicomplexan parasite that infects red blood cells and is transmitted by ticks. (wikipedia.org)
  • This means that ticks in locations infected with Babesia are also more likely to be co-infected with B. burgdorferi. (lymedisease.org)
  • 1393). Molecular detection of Babesia spp in sheep and vector ticks in North Khorasan province, Iran. (ac.ir)
  • As Babesia is spread by ticks, making sure your dog is up to date with their anti-tick treatments and removing any ticks found on your pet as soon as possible can stop the transmission of the parasite to your pet. (valleyfarmvet.co.za)
  • Babesia organisms are spread by ticks and are of particular significance to racing greyhounds and pit bull terriers. (vin.com)
  • Babesia canis - a larger species of Babesia , transmitted by ticks. (vin.com)
  • Babesia found in ticks in Sweden! (norvect.no)
  • Researchers have found ticks that carry the parasite Babesia in Sweden, as well as detected antibodies in some people. (norvect.no)
  • Another study has already showed that 7% of Danish ticks carry Babesia. (norvect.no)
  • Research 8 years, 3 months ago Comments Off on Babesia found in ticks in Sweden! (norvect.no)
  • After ingestion by ticks, Babesia gibsoni sexual reproduction begins (gamogony), which after the formation of the zygote and the oocyst, resulting in numerous sporozoites that accumulate in the salivary glands of ticks. (ivami.com)
  • Babesia parasites can live in the gut of deer ticks or black-legged ticks that hang out on blades of grass or on branches - waiting for an animal or human to attach themselves to and make a meal of their blood. (jillcarnahan.com)
  • Among various pathogens transmitted by ticks, Babesia parasites are particularly important because of their ability to multiply within host erythrocytes and lyse these cells at the end of each cycle thereby causing symptoms similar to those caused by malaria parasites. (nature.com)
  • The objective of this study was to investigate Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia , and Borrelia in ticks in southern China. (zoonoses-journal.org)
  • Using PCR and phylogenetic analysis we showed that these ticks carried Anaplasma platys , Ehrlichia canis , Borrelia miyamotoi , Babesia vogeli , and an unclassified Ehrlichia species in Rhipicephalus ticks. (zoonoses-journal.org)
  • Humans are incidental hosts for Babesia when bitten by nymph or adult ticks. (medscape.com)
  • Originally discovered by the Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babeș in 1888, over 100 species of Babesia have since been identified. (wikipedia.org)
  • Babesia comprises more than 100 species of tick-borne parasites that infect erythrocytes (red blood cells) in many vertebrate hosts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its genetic sequence, published in 2012, shows that the species belongs to neither Babesia nor Theileria, but instead to a separate genus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The avian Babesia species are characterized as having ring and amoeboid forms, and fan-shaped or cruciform (cross-shaped) tetrad schizonts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Different species of Babesia are able to withstand the stress of the host's immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • As noted earlier, Babesia is a specific family or "genus" of pathogens and there are different species within the genus in different regions of North America. (lymedisease.org)
  • The West Coast of the US has at least one species which infects humans: Babesia duncani (Babesia divergens has also been found in Washington state). (lymedisease.org)
  • Rather, it is more closely related to Babesia gibsoni, a species found in canines, and a parasite called Theileria. (lymedisease.org)
  • Serology testing for other Babesia species (e.g. (publichealthontario.ca)
  • [Babesia ovata] (http://protists.ensembl.org/Babesia_ovata_gca_002897235/Info/Index) is a species widespread in east Asian countries causing anemia in cattle. (ensembl.org)
  • There are over 100 species of Babesia, but only a few are found in the U.S. and are transmissible to dogs. (vin.com)
  • Babesia species continue to be classified and sub-classified worldwide. (vin.com)
  • Babesia gibsoni - a smaller Babesia species that mostly attack pit bull terriers and is transmitted by bite wound and from mother to unborn puppies. (vin.com)
  • Babesia conradae - a smaller Babesia species that has only been isolated in California. (vin.com)
  • Other Babesia species have several forms in which they appear. (vin.com)
  • PCR test can be used for identification and differentiation of the various species of Babesia. (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • To confirm the species of Babesia and Theileria in crossbred cattle from the northern part of Bangladesh using conventional and molecular tools. (bvsalud.org)
  • Babesia species and organisms of the closely related genus Theileria parasitize the erythrocytes of wild and domestic animals.These parasites are members of the order Piroplasmida, named for the pear-shaped forms found within infected red blood cells (RBCs). (medscape.com)
  • Babesia species in the host erythrocyte range from 1 to 5 µm in length. (medscape.com)
  • in a thin blood smear, Babesia duncani (formerly WA1) in a Notice two extracellular forms. (cdc.gov)
  • Babesia duncani-"Left Coast" Babesia? (lymedisease.org)
  • Comprehensive multi-omics of Babesia duncani reveals evolution, drug sensitivity and virulence. (nature.com)
  • Doxycycline sensitivity against in vitro cultured Babesia gibsoni was evaluated by real-time PCR and parasitemia. (banglajol.info)
  • The cases of Babesia gibsoni described for Portugal and Spain were corrected later, partly into the pathogen Theileria annae (now: B. vulpes). (laboklin.com)
  • Platelet counts can drop, impairing normal blood clotting (especially a problem with Babesia gibsoni ). (vin.com)
  • Babesia gibsoni develops in erythrocytes of the host, which can be visualized as round or oval shaped bodies or ring with a length of 1 to 2.5 microns. (ivami.com)
  • Inside red blood cells, Babesia gibsoni begins to divide, becoming a new form called merozoite that could be taken with erythrocytes by a new tick for food. (ivami.com)
  • Babesia canis, Babesia Gibsoni and Ehrlichia Canis are the 3 most commonly seen tick-borne infections in Hong Kong. (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • Today we would focus on the comparison of Babesia Canis and Babasia Gibsoni. (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • However, Babesia Gibsoni may be transmitted directly by animal to animal, such as an infected dog with oral lesion or abrasions bite another dog, and infected pregnant females can also transmit babesia to their unborn puppies. (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • What is the difference between Babesia Canis & Babesia Gibsoni? (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • Babesia Canis and Babesia Gibsoni are morphologically differentiated on the basis of their size in blood smear. (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • Babesia Gibsoni - small form (1.5-2.5 μm) of Babesia . (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • Recommended treatment protocols for Babesia Gibsoni involve combining atovaquone (a quinone antimicrobial medication) and azithromycin(antibiotic). (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • Babesia canis organisms are tear-shaped and occur in pairs. (vin.com)
  • Babesia Canis - large form (4-5 μm long) of Babesia . (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • Be aware that Babesia Gibson is considered more difficult to treat than Babesia Canis. (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • At least one study in mice co-infected with Babesia and Borrelia showed that Babesia hindered the acquired immune response, including B and T cell production, such that Borrelia (Lyme) symptoms were enhanced. (lymedisease.org)
  • That's because the same tick that's carrying the parasite babesia, can also be carrying Borrelia burgdorferi - the microbe that causes Lyme disease. (jillcarnahan.com)
  • Tick-borne Anaplasma , Ehrlichia , Babesia , and Borrelia were tested by PCR assays, and analyzed by sequencing and phylogenetics. (zoonoses-journal.org)
  • [ 10 ] In each location, the Ixodes tick vector for Babesia is the same vector that locally transmits Borrelia burgdorferi , the agent implicated in Lyme disease. (medscape.com)
  • Babesia divergens is also pathogenic to humans. (laboklin.com)
  • Babesia is a protozoan parasite found to infect vertebrate animals, mostly livestock mammals and birds, but also occasionally humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Babesia selfishly persists long-term in the host's system: the host gains no benefit from the parasite invasion and only suffers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Babesia parasite can be seen in the red blood cells of infected dogs, your vet will take a small sample of blood to look at under the microscope if they suspect Babesia. (valleyfarmvet.co.za)
  • The stealthy intruder I'm referring to is a tiny parasite known as babesia . (jillcarnahan.com)
  • Babesia is the name of a microscopic parasite that can infect your red blood cells. (jillcarnahan.com)
  • The babesia parasite isn't contagious - so you can't contract it from coming into contact with a person who's infected. (jillcarnahan.com)
  • Babesia is a blood parasite like the parasite that causes malaria. (heal.me)
  • Because Babesia invades red blood cells similar to that of Malaria, it is often called the Northern hemisphere's equivalent to Malaria and worldwide has emerged among other zoonotic disease or a diseases transmitted from animals to humans. (laedwardswriter.com)
  • Babesia - også kalt Nordens Malaria påvist i flått i Sverige! (norvect.no)
  • Babesia - også kalt Nordens Malaria - kan gi alvorlig sykdom hos mennesker, da parasitten bryter ned de røde blodlegemene. (norvect.no)
  • While B. bovis and Babesia bigemina prefer to infect cattle in tropical environments, they can infect other animals, such as the white-tailed deer. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Babesia infections, infected red blood cells (rbcs) are normal in size. (cdc.gov)
  • Babesia, Ehrlichia, and Bartonella are three bacterial infections that are known to cause a variety of health problems in humans. (holisticcharlotte.com)
  • In some cases, antibodies to Babesia, Ehrlichia, and Bartonella may cross-react with other infections, leading to false positives on diagnostic tests. (holisticcharlotte.com)
  • Over the course of the last 20-years human Babesia infections have increased, and suspicion for this disease should be considered when a tick bite has been found, even if a Bull's-eye rash is not noted at the site of the bite. (laedwardswriter.com)
  • When it comes to Babesia infections-a type of tick-borne illness that causes flu-like symptoms such as fever and fatigue which can sometimes last for weeks or even months-the fear seems particularly great. (onethousandroads.com)
  • This revolutionary medical practice has been proven effective in both reducing the severity of symptoms associated with Babesia infections and significantly lowering the likelihood for reoccurrence. (onethousandroads.com)
  • These ruptures, when near the surface of the skin, lead to petechia - the thin red "blood vessels" that are visible in people with babesia infections. (onethousandroads.com)
  • When I was 59, I was diagnosed with only Babesia after a screening for lyme and co-infections. (danielcameronmd.com)
  • It is Dr. Hinchey's opinion, from nearly 2 decades of clinical treatment, that successfully treating Babesia, Lyme and other co-infections naturally includes lifestyle modifications, naturopathic medicine and herbal medicine, together for a holistic approach. (lymecore.com)
  • Using PCR , only 72 (18.7%) samples were found piroplasm positive, of which 12.2% Theileria , 4.7% Babesia , and 1.8% mixed infections . (bvsalud.org)
  • Both Babesia (7.3%), Theileria (7.7%) and mixed (2.8%) infections were detected in Sirajganj, and only Theileria (20.4%) was detected in Rangpur district. (bvsalud.org)
  • A method for the isolation of Babesia bovis merozoites from infected erythrocytes (Machado et al. (unesp.br)
  • Babesia show host specificity, allowing many different subspecies of Babesia to emerge, each infecting a different kind of vertebrate organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Babesia is a protozoan organism that is transmitted to dogs and cats from the American dog tick or the brown dog tick. (olsenvet.com)
  • Inside the red blood cell, the Babesia organism divests its outer coating and begins to divide, becoming a new form called a merozoite that a new tick may ingest during a blood meal. (vin.com)
  • Infected pregnant dogs can spread Babesia to their unborn puppies, and dogs can transmit the organism by biting another dog as well. (vin.com)
  • Molecular detection of Babesia and Theileria from crossbred cattle in Sirajganj and Rangpur districts of Bangladesh. (bvsalud.org)
  • Babesia and Theileria are potential threats to the livestock industry , causing considerable economic losses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Blood smears of all samples were also examined microscopically for Babesia and/or Theileria spp. (bvsalud.org)
  • and 14.3% of samples were found positive, of which 5.9% Babesia and 8.3% Theileria . (bvsalud.org)
  • These findings provide information for a better understanding of the epidemiology of Babesia and Theileria as well as to improve the approaches for diagnosis and control of tick-borne diseases in Bangladesh . (bvsalud.org)
  • I have both lyme and babesia and on Mon/Tues I get a bit worse than the other days. (medhelp.org)
  • It Could Be Bartonella or Babesia. (heal.me)
  • Babesia lifecycle symptoms? (medhelp.org)
  • I don't know for sure the lifecycle of Babesia but I did know Lyme which was an every month event like clockwork at the start of my treatment my symptoms flared or got worse. (medhelp.org)
  • What are the most common symptoms of Babesia? (danielcameronmd.com)
  • If you're elderly or have a compromised immune system, you are more at risk of developing severe babesia symptoms. (jillcarnahan.com)
  • In general, if a treatment is working, the symptoms of babesia should start to improve in 1 to 2 months. (heal.me)
  • Babesia organisms lack pigment. (cdc.gov)
  • Most people have never heard of Babesia organisms though they have caused red blood cell destruction in their canine hosts all over the world for thousands of years. (vin.com)
  • Infected red blood cells are identified and destroyed thus killing the Babesia organisms within them but, unfortunately, if many red blood cells are infected this leaves the host with anemia, a lack of red blood cells. (vin.com)
  • The young Babesia organisms attach to red blood cells, eventually penetrating and making a new home within the cells for themselves. (vin.com)
  • With luck, the Babesia organisms can be seen on a blood smear. (vin.com)
  • As mentioned before, Babesia organisms would destroy red blood cells in the body resulting in life-threatening anemia. (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • Babesia is tick-transmitted protozoan parasites that infect mammalian hosts and have a major impact on farm and pet health-associated costs worldwide. (huji.ac.il)
  • It also introduces the Babesia into the intermediate host (e.g. cattle) when taking a blood meal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cattle and horses can also remain carriers of Babesia for many years. (laboklin.com)
  • Because one of the best red blood cells (RBCs) defenses is nitric oxide (NO), Babesia works to suppress NO. When properly functioning, RBCs release NO to create a "toxic gas bubble" that surrounds them and kills potential invaders when threatened. (onethousandroads.com)
  • For molecular characterization by PCR, 17 samples were chosen from dogs who were tested positive for Babesia spp. (huji.ac.il)
  • This combination of hypoxia and mitochondria creates a one-two punch that often leaves people with babesia with severe fatigue. (onethousandroads.com)
  • Dogs also typically present with the acute, severe form of babesia, which is characterized by findings such as abnormally dark orange urine, fever, weakness, pale mucous membranes, depression, loss of appetite, swollen lymph nodes, and an enlarged spleen. (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • Interestingly, the strains from California-while looking the same under the microscope-differ in genetic sequence from other known Babesia strains (notably, a strain called WA1) on the West Coast. (lymedisease.org)
  • blood sample and confi rmed by detection of Babesia spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic assays have increased the detection rate of very low-level parasitemia as it can detect Babesia DNA. (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • And what's even more worrisome, is that babesia and Lyme disease can have a synergistic effect. (jillcarnahan.com)
  • Babesia is more likely to be contracted in the Northeastern region of the United States. (danielcameronmd.com)
  • Bartonella and Babesia: Why Do Infectious Disease 'Experts' Avoid Testing for Them? (personalconsult.com)
  • Because of potential of transmission through blood, all packed red blood cells (pRBCs) provided by Wellness Veterinary Hospital are tested for multiple infectious diseases including Babesia spp , to ensure the safety of blood recipients. (wellnessvet.com.hk)
  • Early in the disease, Babesia is more likely to be diagnosed with a thick blood smear under the microscope. (danielcameronmd.com)
  • What is Babesia and where are you more likely to contract the disease? (danielcameronmd.com)
  • How frequently does Babesia co-occur with Lyme disease? (danielcameronmd.com)
  • Do patients with Babesia and Lyme disease present differently? (danielcameronmd.com)
  • Could Babesia explain why some Lyme disease patients relapse after initially improving with treatment? (danielcameronmd.com)
  • Babesia conradae seems predisposed to creating liver disease. (vin.com)
  • In fact, studies have found that an estimated 20% of people infected with Lyme disease were also infected with babesia. (jillcarnahan.com)
  • Babesia is a protozoon that's preferred habitat is red blood cells, endothelial cells that lie the blood vessels, liver, and other organs of the body. (onethousandroads.com)
  • Babesia infects red blood cells, taking away their ability to oxygenate the body. (onethousandroads.com)
  • Rhipicephalus sanguineus: the most common tick to spread Babesia in the United States. (vin.com)
  • This study aimed to test the prevalence of Babesia spp. (huji.ac.il)