Atrazine. Medical search

A selective triazine herbicide. Inhalation hazard is low and there are no apparent skin manifestations or other toxicity in humans. Acutely poisoned sheep and cattle may show muscular spasms, fasciculations, stiff gait, increased respiratory rates, adrenal degeneration, and congestion of the lungs, liver, and kidneys. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed)

Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.

A triazine herbicide.

Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.

Heterocyclic rings containing three nitrogen atoms, commonly in 1,2,4 or 1,3,5 or 2,4,6 formats. Some are used as HERBICIDES.

Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.

Maternal exposure to atrazine during lactation suppresses suckling-induced prolactin release and results in prostatitis in the adult offspring. (1/193)

The availability of prolactin (PRL) to the neonatal brain is known to affect the development of the tuberoinfundibular (TIDA) neurons and, as a consequence, lead to alterations in subsequent PRL regulation. Without early lactational exposure to PRL (derived from the dam's milk), TIDA neuronal growth is impaired and elevated PRL levels are present in the prepubertal male. These observations, combined with the finding that alterations in PRL secretion (i.e., hyperprolactinemia) in the adult male rat have been implicated in the development of prostatitis, led us to hypothesize that early lactational exposure to agents that suppress suckling-induced PRL release would lead to a disruption in TIDA development, altered PRL regulation, and subsequent prostatitis in the male offspring. To test this hypothesis, suckling-induced PRL release was measured in Wistar dams treated twice daily with the herbicide atrazine (ATR, by gavage, on PND 1-4 at 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight), or twice daily with the dopamine receptor agonist bromocriptine (BROM, sc, at 0.052, 0.104, 0.208, and 0.417 mg/kg); BROM is known to suppress PRL release. Similarly, atrazine has also been reported to suppress PRL in adult females. Serum PRL was measured on PND 3 using a serial sampling technique and indwelling cardiac catheters. A significant rise in serum PRL release was noted in all control females within 10 min of the initiation of suckling. Fifty-mg/kg ATR inhibited suckling-induced PRL release in all females, whereas 25 and 12.5 mg/kg ATR inhibited this measure in some dams and had no discernible effect in others. The 6.25 mg/kg dose of ATR was without effect. BROM, used here as a positive control, also inhibited suckling-induced PRL release at doses of 0.104 to 0.417 mg/kg, with no effect at 0.052 mg/kg. To examine the effect of postnatal ATR and BROM on the incidence and severity of inflammation (INF) of the lateral prostate of the offspring, adult males were examined at 90 and 120 days. While no effect was noted at 90 days of age, at 120 days, both the incidence and severity of prostate inflammation was increased in those offspring of ATR-treated dams (25 and 50 mg/kg). The 12.5 mg/kg ATR and the two highest doses of BROM increased the incidence, but not the severity, of prostatitis. Combined treatment of ovine prolactin (oPRL) and 25 or 50 mg/kg ATR on PND 1-4 reduced the incidence of inflammation observed at 120 days, indicating that this increase in INF, seen after ATR alone, resulted from the suppression of PRL in the dam. To determine whether or not there is a critical period for these effects, dams were dosed with 25 and 50 mg/kg on PND 6-9 and PND 11-14. Inflammation was increased in those offspring from dams treated on PND 6-9, but this increase was not significant. Dosing on PND 11-14 was without effect. These data demonstrate that ATR suppresses suckling-induced PRL release and that this suppression results in lateral prostate inflammation in the offspring. The critical period for this effect is PND 1-9. (+info)

Associations between stomach cancer incidence and drinking water contamination with atrazine and nitrate in Ontario (Canada) agroecosystems, 1987-1991. (2/193)

BACKGROUND: Nitrate and atrazine are two chemicals that are heavily used in certain sectors of agriculture. They are suspected to be associated with the development of certain types of tumours. METHODS: Existing data were obtained on the incidence of specific types of cancers, contamination of drinking water with atrazine and nitrate, and related agricultural practices for the 40 ecodistricts in the province of Ontario. The data were merged into a georelational database for geographical and statistical analyses. Weighted (by population size) least squares regression analyses were conducted while controlling for confounding socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Maximum likelihood spatial error models were estimated when least square regression error terms were found to be spatially autocorrelated using the Moran's I statistic. RESULTS: Atrazine contamination levels (range 50-649 ng/l, maximum acceptable concentration [MAC] = 60000 ng/l) were positively associated (P < 0.05) with stomach cancer incidence and negatively associated with colon cancer incidence. Nitrate levels, (range 0-91 mg/l, MAC = 10 mg/l) were negatively associated with stomach cancer incidence. CONCLUSION: The associations found at the ecodistrict level, both positive and negative, if confirmed by other studies, raise serious questions about maximum allowable limits for atrazine, as well as possibilities of complex trade-offs among disease outcomes, and interactions of biophysical and social mechanisms which might explain them. Although the negative associations appear to have no direct biological explanations, such counter-intuitive outcomes may occur in complex systems where social and biological variables interact. (+info)

Atrazine disrupts the hypothalamic control of pituitary-ovarian function. (3/193)

The chloro-S-triazine herbicides (i.e., atrazine, simazine, cyanazine) constitute the largest group of herbicides sold in the United States. Despite their extensive usage, relatively little is known about the possible human-health effects and mechanism(s) of action of these compounds. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the chlorotriazines disrupt the hormonal control of ovarian cycles. Results from these studies led us to hypothesize that these herbicides disrupt endocrine function primarily through their action on the central nervous system. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined the estrogen-induced surges of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Long-Evans hooded (LE) rats treated with atrazine (50-300 mg/kg/day, by gavage) for 1, 3, or 21 days. One dose of atrazine (300 mg/kg) suppressed the LH and prolactin surge in ovariectomized LE, but not SD female rats. Atrazine (300 mg/kg) administered to intact LE females on the day of vaginal proestrus was without effect on ovulation but did induce a pseudopregnancy in 7 of 9 females. Three daily doses of atrazine suppressed the estrogen-induced LH and prolactin surges in ovariectomized LE females in a dose-dependent manner, but this same treatment was without effect on serum LH and prolactin in SD females. The estrogen-induced surges of both pituitary hormones were suppressed by atrazine (75-300 mg/kg/day) in a dose-dependent manner in females of both strains evaluated after 21 days of treatment. Three experiments were then performed to determine whether the brain, pituitary, or both organs were the target sites for the chlorotriazines. These included examination of the ability of (1) the pituitary lactotrophs to secrete prolactin, using hypophyosectomized females bearing pituitary autotransplants (ectopic pituitaries); (2) the synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to induce LH secretion in females treated with high concentrations of atrazine for 3 days; and (3) atrazine (administered in vivo or in vitro) to suppress LH and prolactin secretion from pituitaries, using a flow-through perifusion procedure. In conclusion, the results of these studies demonstrate that atrazine alters LH and prolactin serum levels in the LE and SD female rats by altering the hypothalamic control of these hormones. In this regard, the LE female appeared to be more sensitive to the hormone suppressive effects of atrazine, as indicated by the decreases observed on treatment-day 3. These experiments support the hypothesis that the effect of atrazine on LH and prolactin secretion is mediated via a hypothalamic site of action. (+info)

Isotope-labeled immunoassays without radiation waste. (4/193)

The practice of immunoassay has experienced a widespread transition from radioisotopic labeling to nonisotopic labeling over the last two decades. Radioisotope labels have drawbacks that hamper their applications: (i) perceived radiation hazards of reagents, (ii) regulatory requirements and disposal problems of working with radioactive materials, and (iii) short shelf-life of the labeled reagents. The advantage of isotopic labeling is the incorporation into analytes without altering structure or reactivity, as is often the case with ELISA or fluorescent detection systems. We developed a format for isotope label immunoassay with the long-life isotope (14)C as the label and accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) as the detection system. AMS quantifies attomole levels of several isotopes, including (14)C. With this exquisite sensitivity, the sensitivity of an immunoassay is limited by the K(d) of the antibody and not the detection system. The detection limit of the assays for atrazine and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was 2.0 x 10(-10) M and 2.0 x 10(-11) M, respectively, approximately an order of magnitude below the standard enzyme immunoassay. Notably, <1 dpm (0.45 pCi) of (14)C-labeled compound was used in each assay, which is well below the limit of disposal (50 nCi per g) as nonradioactive waste. Thus, endogenous reporter ligands quantified by AMS provide the advantages of an RIA without the associated problems of radioactive waste. (+info)

Determination of selected herbicides and phenols in water and soils by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. (5/193)

A high-performance liquid chromatography procedure or the determination of the herbicides simazine, propazine, bromacil, metoxuron, and hexazinone is elaborated. Stationary phases RP8 and RP18 and mixtures of methanol-water (2:1 and 1:1, v/v) as a mobile phase are applied for this purpose. The conditions for solid-phase extraction are established, allowing the separation of phenols and herbicides in their mixtures and the extraction of phenols (from river and coke plant water) and herbicides (from the soil samples). (+info)

Analysis of the diversity of a sheep antibody repertoire as revealed from a bacteriophage display library. (6/193)

We have applied bacteriophage display technology to construct and analyze the diversity of an IgG library of >1 x 108 clones from an adult sheep immunized against the hapten atrazine. We have identified eight new VH gene families (VH2-VH9) and five new Vkappa gene families (VkappaV-VkappaIX). The heavy and kappa light chain variable region gene loci were found to be far more diverse than previously thought. (+info)

Characterization of an atrazine-degrading Pseudaminobacter sp. isolated from Canadian and French agricultural soils. (7/193)

Atrazine, a herbicide widely used in corn production, is a frequently detected groundwater contaminant. Fourteen bacterial strains able to use this herbicide as a sole source of nitrogen were isolated from soils obtained from two farms in Canada and two farms in France. These strains were indistinguishable from each other based on repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR genomic fingerprinting performed with primers ERIC1R, ERIC2, and BOXA1R. Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis of one representative isolate, strain C147, the isolates belong to the genus Pseudaminobacter in the family Rhizobiaceae. Strain C147 did not form nodules on the legumes alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and soybean (Glycine max L.). A number of chloro-substituted s-triazine herbicides were degraded, but methylthio-substituted s-triazine herbicides were not degraded. Based on metabolite identification data, the fact that oxygen was not required, and hybridization of genomic DNA to the atzABC genes, atrazine degradation occurred via a series of hydrolytic reactions initiated by dechlorination and followed by dealkylation. Most strains could mineralize [ring-U-(14)C]atrazine, and those that could not mineralize atrazine lacked atzB or atzBC. The atzABC genes, which were plasmid borne in every atrazine-degrading isolate examined, were unstable and were not always clustered together on the same plasmid. Loss of atzB was accompanied by loss of a copy of IS1071. Our results indicate that an atrazine-degrading Pseudaminobacter sp. with remarkably little diversity is widely distributed in agricultural soils and that genes of the atrazine degradation pathway carried by independent isolates of this organism are not clustered, can be independently lost, and may be associated with a catabolic transposon. We propose that the widespread distribution of the atrazine-degrading Pseudaminobacter sp. in agricultural soils exposed to atrazine is due to the characteristic ability of this organism to utilize alkylamines, and therefore atrazine, as sole sources of carbon when the atzABC genes are acquired. (+info)

Differential modulation of catecholamines by chlorotriazine herbicides in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells in vitro. (8/193)

Epidemiological, wildlife, and laboratory studies have pointed to the possible adverse health effects of chlorotriazine herbicide (i.e. , atrazine, simazine, and cyanazine) exposure. However, the cellular mechanism(s) of action of these compounds remains unknown. Recently, it was reported by Cooper et al. (2000, Toxicol. Sci. 53, 297-307) that atrazine disrupts ovarian function by altering hypothalamic catecholamine concentrations and subsequently the regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion by the pituitary. In this study, we examined the effect of three chlorotriazines on catecholamine metabolism in vitro using PC12 cells. Intracellular norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) concentrations and spontaneous NE release were measured following treatment with different concentrations of atrazine, simazine (0, 12. 5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 microM) and cyanazine (0, 25, 50, 100, and 400 microM) for 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h. Atrazine and simazine significantly decreased intracellular DA concentration in a concentration-dependent manner. Intracellular NE concentration was also significantly decreased by 100 and 200 microM atrazine and 200 microM simazine. Similarly, there was a dose-dependent inhibition of NE release with 100 and 200 microM concentrations of both compounds. Although 100 and 400 microM cyanazine increased intracellular NE concentration, 50, 100, and 400 microM cyanazine significantly increased NE release at 24 and 36 h. In contrast, intracellular DA concentration was decreased by cyanazine, but only at 400 microM. The GABA(A)-receptor agonist, muscimol (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 microM) had no effect on either the release or on intracellular catecholamine concentrations from 6 through 24 h of treatment. Cell viability was somewhat lower in the groups exposed to 100 and 200 microM atrazine and simazine. However, the reduction in viability was significant only in the highest dose of atrazine used (200 microM) at 24 h. Cyanazine did not have an effect on the viability at any of the doses tested, and the cells were functional, even up to 48 h of exposure. These data indicate that both atrazine and simazine inhibit the cellular synthesis of DA mediated by the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and NE mediated by dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH), and, as a result, there is a partial or significant inhibition of NE release. Cyanazine, on the other hand, stimulated the synthesis of intracellular NE, and not DA. Thus, chlorotriazine compounds presumably act at the enzymatic steps or sites of CA biosynthesis to modulate monoaminergic activity in PC12 cells. (+info)

Atrazine is a herbicide that is widely used to control broadleaf and grassy weeds in crops such as corn, sorghum, and sugarcane. It belongs to a class of chemicals called triazines. Atrazine works by inhibiting the photosynthesis process in plants, which ultimately leads to their death.

Here is the medical definition of Atrazine:

Atrazine: A selective systemic herbicide used for pre- and postemergence control of broadleaf weeds and grasses in corn, sorghum, sugarcane, and other crops. It acts by inhibiting photosynthesis in susceptible plants. Exposure to atrazine can occur through skin or eye contact, ingestion, or inhalation during its use or after its application. Short-term exposure to high levels of atrazine can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, while long-term exposure has been linked to reproductive effects in both humans and animals. It is classified as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).

Herbicides are a type of pesticide used to control or kill unwanted plants, also known as weeds. They work by interfering with the growth processes of the plant, such as inhibiting photosynthesis, disrupting cell division, or preventing the plant from producing certain essential proteins.

Herbicides can be classified based on their mode of action, chemical composition, and the timing of their application. Some herbicides are selective, meaning they target specific types of weeds while leaving crops unharmed, while others are non-selective and will kill any plant they come into contact with.

It's important to use herbicides responsibly and according to the manufacturer's instructions, as they can have negative impacts on the environment and human health if not used properly.

Simazine is a herbicide, specifically a triazine compound. According to the medical definitions provided by MedlinePlus, a service of the US National Library of Medicine, simazine is used to control broadleaf weeds and grasses in various settings such as agriculture (for crops like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains), residential areas, and golf courses. It works by inhibiting photosynthesis in plants.

Exposure to simazine can occur through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation. Potential health effects of exposure may include irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Ingesting large amounts can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Chronic exposure has been linked to neurological symptoms like headaches, dizziness, and decreased coordination. However, it's important to note that the general population's exposure to simazine is usually low, and significant health effects are unlikely under normal circumstances.

As with any chemical substance, individual sensitivity and susceptibility can vary, so if you suspect exposure or experience symptoms, it's advisable to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "soil pollutants" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Soil pollution refers to the presence or accumulation of hazardous substances, chemicals, or other pollutants in soil that can have negative effects on plant life, human health, and the environment.

However, if you're asking about potential health effects of exposure to soil pollutants, it could include a variety of symptoms or diseases, depending on the specific pollutant. For example, exposure to lead-contaminated soil can lead to developmental delays in children, while exposure to certain pesticides or industrial chemicals can cause neurological problems, respiratory issues, and even cancer.

If you have more specific information about a particular substance or context, I may be able to provide a more precise answer.

Triazines are not a medical term, but a class of chemical compounds. They have a six-membered ring containing three nitrogen atoms and three carbon atoms. Some triazine derivatives are used in medicine as herbicides, antimicrobials, and antitumor agents.

Environmental biodegradation is the breakdown of materials, especially man-made substances such as plastics and industrial chemicals, by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi in order to use them as a source of energy or nutrients. This process occurs naturally in the environment and helps to break down organic matter into simpler compounds that can be more easily absorbed and assimilated by living organisms.

Biodegradation in the environment is influenced by various factors, including the chemical composition of the substance being degraded, the environmental conditions (such as temperature, moisture, and pH), and the type and abundance of microorganisms present. Some substances are more easily biodegraded than others, and some may even be resistant to biodegradation altogether.

Biodegradation is an important process for maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems, as it helps to prevent the accumulation of harmful substances in the environment. However, some man-made substances, such as certain types of plastics and industrial chemicals, may persist in the environment for long periods of time due to their resistance to biodegradation, leading to negative impacts on wildlife and ecosystems.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in developing biodegradable materials that can break down more easily in the environment as a way to reduce waste and minimize environmental harm. These efforts have led to the development of various biodegradable plastics, coatings, and other materials that are designed to degrade under specific environmental conditions.

... atrazine Atrazine Fact Sheet - National Pesticide Information Center - Atrazine Fact Sheet Atrazine - CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide ... EPA [ww.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/atrazine/atrazine_update.htm#amphibian Atrazine Updates: Scientific Peer Review- ... Atrazine has been found to act as an agonist of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1. Atrazine has been shown to bind ... Atrazine was invented in 1958 in the Geigy laboratories as the second of a series of 1,3,5-triazines. Atrazine is prepared from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrazine

... (AtzA) is an enzyme (E.C.3.8.1.8), which catalyzes the conversion of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine. ... "Substrate specificity of atrazine chlorohydrolase and atrazine-catabolizing bacteria". Appl Environ Microbiol. 66 (10): 4247-52 ... AtzA is an atrazine-dechlorinating enzyme with fairly restricted substrate specificity and plays a main role in the hydrolysis ... Atrazine Hydroxyatrazine is a hydrolase (an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond ), which acts on halide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrazine_chlorohydrolase

"Atrazine Updates , Pesticides , US EPA". 2015-09-30. Archived from the original on 2015-09-30. Retrieved 2023-07-20. Renner, ... Research in the 2000s suggested that the herbicide atrazine, an endocrine disruptor, may have a feminizing effect on male frogs ... Regardless, American conspiracy theorist and radio personality Alex Jones claimed that atrazine had caused a majority of frogs ... Reviewing 19 studies in total, the United States Environmental Protection Agency concluded in 2013 that atrazine has no ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_chemicals_conspiracy_theory

Hayes' research into atrazine as an endocrine disruptor has been contested by Syngenta - the company who manufactures atrazine ... on the herbicide atrazine. When Hayes' research found unexpected toxicities for atrazine, he reported them to the panel, ... Hayes has become an advocate for banning atrazine. According to Hayes, the link between atrazine and altered "aromatase and ... Atrazine Updates: Amphibians, April 2010, EPA. Kloas, W; Lutz, I; Springer, T; Krueger, H; Wolf, J; Holden, L; Hosmer, A (2009 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrone_Hayes

Like atrazine, a related triazine herbicide, it acts by inhibiting photosynthesis. It remains active in the soil for two to ... Atrazine "Simazine: Methods of Manufacturing". PubChem. "EU directive 91/414/EEC". Simazine, Extoxnet PIP (Articles with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simazine

IBT also originally evaluated the safety of atrazine, a herbicide now thought to be an endocrine disruptor, suspected ... Ackerman, Frank (2007). "The economics of atrazine" (PDF). International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health. 13 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Bio-Test_Laboratories

Triazine Cumulative Risk Assessment and Atrazine, Simazine, and Propazine Decisions, June 22, 2006, EPA. Atrazine Updates, ... Atrazine is the second-most commonly used herbicide in the United States after glyphosate, with application of approximately ... "Atrazine: Chemical Summary - Toxicity and Exposure Assessment for Children's Health", Environmental Protection Agency ... 664-669, April 2009 "Commonly used atrazine herbicide adversely affects fish reproduction". ScienceDaily. US EPA, OCSPP (2014- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticides_in_the_United_States

... atrazine is commonly used with other herbicides to reduce the overall rate of atrazine and to lower the potential for ... Atrazine does not break down readily (within a few weeks) after being applied to soils of above-neutral pH. Under alkaline soil ... Atrazine is thus said to have "carryover", a generally undesirable property for herbicides. Glyphosate (Roundup) was introduced ... Environmental Protection Agency: Atrazine Updates. Current as of January 2013. Retrieved August 24, 2013. Ibrahim MA, Bond GG, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicide

This enzyme participates in atrazine degradation. Boundy-Mills KL, de Souza ML, Mandelbaum RT, Wackett LP, Sadowsky MJ (March ... strain ADP encodes the second enzyme of a novel atrazine degradation pathway". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 63 (3): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxydechloroatrazine_ethylaminohydrolase

Rohr, J.R. (2018) "Atrazine and Amphibians: A Story of Profits, Controversy, and Animus". In: D. A. DellaSala, and M. I. ... Freshwater habitats in the United States are widely contaminated by the common pesticide atrazine. There is controversy over ... Reeves, C (2015). "Of Frogs & Rhetoric: The Atrazine wars". Technical Communication Quarterly. 24 (4): 328-348. doi:10.1080/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_physiology

"Frog-pocalypse Not: Amphibians And Atrazine". Retrieved 12 September 2021. "Die Wahrheit uber Bio-Lebensmittel" (in German). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Avery

This enzyme participates in atrazine degradation. As of late 2007, only one structure has been solved for this class of enzymes ... "AtzC is a new member of the amidohydrolase protein superfamily and is homologous to other atrazine-metabolizing enzymes". J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-isopropylammelide_isopropylaminohydrolase

This enzyme participates in atrazine degradation. Eaton RW, Karns JS (1991). "Cloning and comparison of the DNA encoding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanuric_acid_amidohydrolase

This enzyme participates in atrazine degradation. Stransky H, Amberger A (1973). "Isolation and properties of a cyanamide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanamide_hydratase

This enzyme participates in atrazine degradation. Cook AM, Beilstein P, Grossenbacher H, Hutter R (1985). "Ring cleavage and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biuret_amidohydrolase

A variety of chemical hazards (e.g. DDT, atrazine, etc.) have been identified. However, every year companies produce more new ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard

Bichat, F.; Sims, G. K.; Mulvaney, R. L. (1999). "Microbial utilization of heterocyclic nitrogen from atrazine". Soil Science ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopic_signature

ADP that evolved from melamine deaminase (triA encoded), which has very small promiscuous activity toward atrazine, a man-made ... An example of this is the atrazine chlorohydrolase (atzA encoded) from Pseudomonas sp. ... "Catalytic improvement and evolution of atrazine chlorohydrolase". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 75 (7): 2184-91. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_promiscuity

"Atrazine removal using adsorption and electrochemical regeneration". Water Research. 38 (13): 3067-3074. doi:10.1016/j.watres. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_adsorption-regeneration

Brown, N; Roberts, E. P. L.; Chasiotis, A.; Cherdron, T.; Sanghrajka, N (2004). "Atrazine removal using adsorption and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_regeneration

University of California - Berkeley (2010-03-01). "Pesticide Atrazine Can Turn Male Frogs Into Females". Science Daily. ... the river carried the greatest portion of atrazine into Lake Michigan. It is an agricultural herbicide associated with cancer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Joseph_River_(Lake_Michigan)

"Endocrine Disruptors, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2013". Robert S (2010). "Pesticide atrazine can turn ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadal_dysgenesis

Atrazine has been banned in the EU since 2004, yet is still commonly used in the US despite the evidence of harm. Atrazine ... Increased atrazine levels correlate with increased incidence of AWD." Before birth, openings in the abdomen can usually be ... The EPA is aware that a common herbicide called Atrazine causes abdominal wall defects as well as other birth defects and ... Atrazine and nitrates are common agricultural fertilizers" and concluded: "Indiana has significantly higher rates of AWD [ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_wall_defect

2002 Degradation of atrazine by hornwort in aquatic systems. Bioremediation Journal 6(3): 217-224. Kuhar M, Yamamura HI (July ... For example, micro-autoradiography was used to examine whether atrazine was being metabolized by the hornwort plant or by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoradiograph

Fazlurrahman; Batra, M.; Pandey, J.; Suri, C.r.; Jain, R.k. (1 December 2009). "Isolation and characterization of an atrazine- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Kumar_Jain

2002 Degradation of atrazine by hornwort in aquatic systems. Bioremediation Journal 6(3): 217-224. Wikimedia Commons has media ... on space flights Hornwort plants or the epiphytes they support have been shown to degrade the herbicide atrazine. In aquaria ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceratophyllum_demersum

Xu, J., J. W. Stucki, J. Wu, J. Kostka, and G. K. Sims (2001). Fate of atrazine and alachlor in redox-treated ferruginous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nontronite

Atrazine is also applied to Christmas trees, residential lawns, golf courses, and other recreational areas. Atrazine is the ... Atrazine is widely used as an herbicide to control broad-leaf weed species that grow in crops such as corn, sugarcane, hay and ... Atrazine has been implicated in interfering with the neuroendocrine system, blocking the release of gonadotropin-releasing ... Stradtman SC, Freeman JL (August 2021). "Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity Associated with Exposure to the Herbicide Atrazine". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenoestrogen

She identified that the herbicide atrazine can activate gene networks. Beyond the brain, Ingraham has studied sex-specific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holly_Ingraham

Clare Howard Special Report: Syngenta's campaign to protect atrazine, discredit critics. Environmental Health News, 17 June ... Illinois concerning the adverse effects of atrazine on human water supplies. The suit was settled for $105 million in May 2012 ... whose research is purported to suggest that the Syngenta-produced chemical atrazine was responsible for abnormal development of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syngenta

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrazine

However, exposure to atrazine may occur at farms where it has been sprayed. Atrazine may affect pregnant women by causing their ... Birth defects and liver, kidney, and heart damage has been seen in animals exposed to high levels of atrazine. This chemical ... The general population is probably not exposed to atrazine. ... How can atrazine affect my health?. *How likely is atrazine to ... What is atrazine?. Atrazine is an herbicide that does not occur naturally. Pure atrazine is an odorless, white powder that is ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/tsp/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=854&toxid=59

Atrazine. Find out what is in your tap water ... EWGs Tap Water Database Atrazine results for Malvern Water ... Atrazine. Malvern Water Supply. Atrazine is a herbicide commonly detected in drinking water that comes from cornfield and other ... Federal laws allow up to 3 parts per billion of atrazine in treated tap water. Water suppliers average atrazine measurements ... The EWG Health Guideline of 0.1 ppb for atrazine was defined by EWG based on epidemiological studies of human exposure to ...

https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/system-contaminant.php?pws=IA6545020&contamcode=2050

Atrazine: Best Management Practices and Alternatives in Missouri * Southern Agricultural Insecticides, Inc.: Atrazine 4L ... Atrazine is an herbicide used to control weeds. Its one of the few St. Augustine will tolerate. The liquid form is highly ... Spray the atrazine on your lawn, using it only in areas that are protected from wells, sinkholes and bodies of water. There ... The atrazine product label also recommends you wear latex gloves and footwear that repels water as added protection against the ...

https://www.ehow.com/how_7403125_apply-atrazine-st_-augustine-grass.html

Atrazine Wars. Scientist Tyrone Hayes speaks in Eugene. News by Camilla MortensenPosted on 10/23/2014. *Click to share on ... Atrazine is one of the pesticides found in the urine of dozens of residents, including children, of rural Triangle Lake, just ... "You can decide whether or not you want to take Tylenol," he says, "but right now you dont have control over atrazine in your ... It wasnt until 41 of the residents had their own urine tested by Dana Barr of Emory University - who found atrazine and 2,4-D ...

https://eugeneweekly.com/2014/10/23/atrazine-wars/

Of atrazine, frogs and the most effective ways to communicate science Alumna Melanie Duhamel shares insights gleaned from ... Guest lecturer Tyrone Hayes of Berkeley is best-known for his research into the effects of atrazine on frogs (photo by Andreas ... For example, when asked by the audience, he told us that some home water purifiers can remove atrazine in drinking water. When ... Professor Hayes talked about the gradual progression from his first study on atrazines effects on one species of frog in his ...

https://www.utoronto.ca/news/atrazine-frogs-and-most-effective-ways-communicate-science

30 per acre if they were to lose the right to use atrazine on Illinois fields! The EPA recently published their Preliminary ... Replacing atrazine with any comparable alternative would not be as effective and it could increase your cost of production at a ... Tell EPA to get the science right and protect your right to use atrazine. Comments are due by March 2, 2020. Send your email ... Next on the list for atrazine will be the Endangered Species Act (ESA) biological evaluation. If we cant correct the science ...

https://www.ilcorn.org/news-and-media/current-news/article/2020/02/act-now-to-protect-atrazine

The page you requested could not be found. Try refining your search, or use the navigation above to locate the post.. ...

https://ceh.org/tag/atrazine/

Atrazine (ATZ) is an environmental pollutant that interferes with several aspects of mammalian cellular processes including ... Atrazine (ATZ) is an environmental pollutant that interferes with several aspects of mammalian cellular processes including ... Cavas, T. (2011). In vivo genotoxicity evaluation of atrazine and atrazine-based herbicide on fish Carassius auratus using the ... Zeljezic, D., Garaj-Vrhovac, V., and Perkovic, P. (2006). Evaluation of DNA damage induced by atrazine and atrazine-based ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2023.1246708/full

Atrazine was applied at 0.9 and 1.8 kg ha−1, S-metolachlor at 0.7 and 1.4 kg ha−1, and isoxaflutole at 0.05 and 0.11 kg ha−1 to ... Ryan J. Rector, David L. Regehr, Philip L. Barnes, and Thomas M. Loughin "Atrazine, S-metolachlor, and isoxaflutole loss in ... Nomenclature: Atrazine; S-metolachlor; isoxaflutole; diketonitrile metabolite of isoxaflutole (DKN); 2-cyano-3-cyclopropyl-1-(2 ... Ryan J. Rector, David L. Regehr, Philip L. Barnes, Thomas M. Loughin "Atrazine, S-metolachlor, and isoxaflutole loss in runoff ...

https://bioone.org/journals/weed-science/volume-51/issue-5/2002-07/Atrazine-S-metolachlor-and-isoxaflutole-loss-in-runoff-as-affected/10.1614/2002-07.short

Discover the benefits of using atrazine and its global importance. ... Atrazine is vital to global food production and is critical to weed control in production agriculture. ... The Benefits of Atrazine. It is impossible to overstate the importance of atrazine to U.S. and global food supplies. Atrazine ... Atrazine plays a vital role in U.S. food production. Without atrazine, farmers would see a huge drop in yields of major crops ...

https://www.atrazine.com/benefits

Resilience Alliance is a registered 501 (c)(3) non-profit organization. Online and Open Access since 2005. Avian Conservation and Ecology is now licensing all its articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Avian Conservation and Ecology ISSN: 1712-6568. ...

https://ace-eco.org/tag/atrazine/

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Flowable Atrazine 500 is absorbed through leaves and roots and acts best on young weeds as a post-emergence spray. It should be ... Flowable Atrazine 500 may cause initial crop suppression but the crop normally recovers and yield is not affected. Do not ... Flowable Atrazine 500 is compatible with most commonly used herbicides. It is not compatible with Gramoxone® 250. ... The higher rate of Flowable Atrazine 500 should only be used where seedling storksbill is a dominant weed. Apply to closely ...

https://nufarm.com/nz/product/flowable-atrazine/

Foods With Hydroxy atrazine Residue. What Food?. Average Level (μg/kg)1,2. Maximum Level (μg/kg)3. Details on How Much. Test ...

https://whatsonmyfood.org/pesticide.jsp?pesticide=AED

Farm Bureau policy supports the continued safe use of atrazine and other triazines. Atrazine is still one of the most widely ... Iowa farmers use atrazine on at least 65 percent of corn acres to control broadleaf weeds, more than any other crop protection ... The maximum labeled rate for atrazine in most application situations in Iowa is 2 pounds per acre. Many farmers and Certified ... The USDAs National Agricultural Statistics Service estimates the actual atrazine use rate in Iowa is 1.037 pounds per acre per ...

https://www.iowafarmbureau.com/Article/IFBF-Comments-on-EPAs-Proposed-Interim-Decision-for-Atrazine

PAN has been watching EPAs long-overdue review of atrazine, a common herbicide and potent endocrine disruptor. From the outset ... The economics of atrazine dont add up "Team Atrazine" tries out new talking points ... Last time EPA reviewed atrazine back in 2003, atrazines maker, Syngenta, lobbied the agency with over 50 closed door meetings ... Now the agency is accepting comments on a new petition to pull the use of atrazine, a petition that points to misleading ...

https://www.panna.org/news/no-more-secret-atrazine-science/

Farmers have been using atrazine to control weeds in cornfields for decades, but that effective tool could soon be taken away. ... Farmers have been using atrazine to control weeds in cornfields for decades, but that effective tool could soon be taken away. ... At the proposed allowable level, atrazine would be nearly useless in controlling weeds throughout the Corn Belt. And you can be ... Take action to stop extreme atrazine rules. Posted on July 20, 2016*. ...

https://www.sdcorn.org/news/take-action-to-stop-extreme-atrazine-rules

Background Atrazine and simazine are triazine herbicides registered for pre- and post-emergent control of numerous broadleaf ... For atrazine, proposed changes include:. *Reduce the single maximum application rate from 2.2 to 2.0 lb ai per acre when ... Atrazine and simazine are triazine herbicides registered for pre- and post-emergent control of numerous broadleaf and grassy ... Atrazine and simazine are commonly used herbicides due in large part to efficacy and costs. ...

https://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/2020/01/are-changes-coming-for-atrazine-and-simazine/

Atrazine degrades rapidly, usually by way of hydrolysis, nitrogen dealkylation, and splitting of the triazine ring to less ... The half-time persistence of atrazine in soils is usually about 4 days, but may range up to 385 days in dry, sandy, alkaline ... Bioaccumulation of atrazine. is limited, and food chain biomagnification is negligible in aquatic ecosystems. Birds are ... Proposed criteria for aquatic life protection include ,5 ug atrazine,/l for sensitive species of aquatic flora, and ,11 ug,/l ...

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usfwspubs/314/

Atrazine badfood badhealth chemical violence chemicals depopulation Dioxins disease causes estrogen gay gay chemicals gay mafia ... TAGS: Atrazine, badfood, badhealth, chemical violence, chemicals, depopulation, Dioxins, disease causes, estrogen, gay, gay ... Scientific American confirms: Atrazine herbicide is a "sex-changing weed killer" that turns male frogs GAY ... GENDER FLUIDITY? Maybe it "originates" from hormones in meat and dairy, soy estrogen, and atrazine gender-bender weed-killers ...

https://www.newstarget.com/2023-02-27-gender-fluidity-originates-hormones-in-meat-soy-estrogen-atrazine.html

Atrazine has been used to kill weeds on crops like corn since 1958. In Minnesota farmers apply just under two million pounds of ... In Hayes initial research, he took lab tadpoles and put atrazine in the water they lived in. Hayes says water is a tadpoles ... And atrazine is associated in laboratory rodents with development of mammary cancer, or breast cancer, and there are ... One of the things we discovered is that atrazine chemically castrates the frog, meaning that it causes a reduction in the male ...

https://www.mprnews.org/story/2007/01/02/hayesmayo

Learn about Atrazine and the EPAs proposed risk assessment regarding usage. ... Atrazine is an important weed control tool for corn farmers. ... Atrazine. KEY MESSAGE: Atrazine is an important weed control ... About Atrazine. *EPA reregistered atrazine in 2006 and began its regularly scheduled registration re-review June 2013, a ... Atrazine has been the backbone of weed control in the U.S. for more than 50 years. ...

https://wicorn.org/growers/issues/atrazine/

Response of reservoir atrazine concentrations following regulatory and management changes. K.W. King, N.R. Fausey, R. Dunn, P.C ... Response of reservoir atrazine concentrations following regulatory and management changes. K.W. King, N.R. Fausey, R. Dunn, P.C ... Response of reservoir atrazine concentrations following regulatory and management changes. K.W. King, N.R. Fausey, R. Dunn, P.C ... Atrazine levels in Columbus, Ohio, tap water reached 8.74 μg L−1 in the early 1990s, leading to a watershed-based approach ...

https://www.jswconline.org/content/67/5/416

Glyphosate and Atrazine Harming Endangered Species. The Environmental Protection Agency has determined that the endocrine- ... Atrazine is a widespread pollutant of groundwater and drinking water. It has been linked to increased risk of cancer and ... These chemical poisons are causing severe harm to imperiled wildlife since U.S. use exceeds 70 million pounds of atrazine and ... disrupting pesticide atrazine and cancer-linked pesticide glyphosate are each likely to harm more than 1,000 of the nations ...

https://aquarius-systems.com/glyphosate-and-atrazine-harming-endangered-species/

"Atrazine Degradation Product Formation in the Vadose Zone," U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, KS, USA. (January, 1990). ...

https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cee_facpub/475/

More than 16,000 farmers and ag organizations united against EPAs proposed revision to its 2020 atrazine registration review ... When EPA announced its June 30 proposed rule on atrazine, farmers took immediate notice of EPAs ultra-low level for atrazine. ... The atrazine comment period ended October 7.. "EPAs actions have been more like a tennis match than a product registration ... Farmers nationwide send a strong message to EPA on atrazine. The Triazine Network is a coalition of state and national ag ...

https://www.morningagclips.com/farmers-nationwide-send-a-strong-message-to-epa-on-atrazine/

Avoiding Atrazine should be a Priority!. May 9, 2023 Atrazine is a weed-killer herbicide and is the most common chemical ... Atrazine chemically castrates and feminizes wildlife. Researcher Tyrone Hayes discovered how the chemical makes male frogs turn ...

https://actualactivists.com/2023/05/09/avoiding-atrazine-should-be-a-priority-7/

Effects of Atrazine (1-Chloro-3ethylamino-5isopropylamino-2, 4, 6-triazine) on the Appalachian Brook Crayfish (Cambarus ... Effects of Atrazine (1-Chloro-3ethylamino-5isopropylamino-2, 4, 6-triazine) on the Appalachian Brook Crayfish (Cambarus ...

https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/symp_undergrad/2016/Posters/11/

Little information is available regarding the effects of atrazine in children. (cdc.gov)
Professor Hayes talked about the gradual progression from his first study on atrazine's effects on one species of frog in his lab, to another species, to wild frogs collected along an interstate highway, and ultimately to a study co-authored with researchers who'd seen similar effects of atrazine on all five classes of vertebrates, all over the world. (utoronto.ca)
However, indirect ecosystem effects of atrazine on seed- and insect-eating birds are unknown, and should be investigated. (unl.edu)
2014-2016 Undergraduate: Effects of Atrazine (1-Chloro-3ethylamino-5isopropylamino-2, 4, 6-triazine) on the Appalachian Brook Crayfish (Cambarus bartonii). (liberty.edu)

Birth defects and liver, kidney, and heart damage has been seen in animals exposed to high levels of atrazine. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to high levels of atrazine during pregnancy caused reduced survival of fetuses. (cdc.gov)
While the Oregon Health Authority has found that residents were exposed to these chemicals, according to the Highway 36 Exposure Investigation's 2013 public health assessment, "We are unable to determine if the levels of atrazine metabolites found in participants' urine in the spring of 2011 indicate harm to health. (eugeneweekly.com)
A draft report issued by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposes a dramatic reduction in the levels of atrazine that anyone would be allowed to apply. (sdcorn.org)
Less time is required if high levels of atrazine are present. (onvegetables.com)

Atrazine continues to be one of the most widely used herbicides in Australian agriculture. (wikipedia.org)
Like other triazine herbicides, atrazine functions by binding to the plastoquinone-binding protein in photosystem II, which animals lack. (wikipedia.org)
Weeds are the most significant threat to global food production, and atrazine is one of the most effective and versatile herbicides to keep them from destroying the food supply. (atrazine.com)
While yield-reducing weeds such as common waterhemp, giant ragweed and pigweed have all developed resistance to other herbicides, they continue to be controlled effectively and efficiently by atrazine. (atrazine.com)
The use of atrazine herbicides reduces aggregate soil erosion by 56 to 85 million tons per year. (atrazine.com)
Food productivity in the United States and around the world would decline by as much as 20% without herbicides like atrazine. (atrazine.com)
Some herbicide-resistant weeds like pigweed now only respond to herbicides mixed with atrazine. (atrazine.com)
Flowable Atrazine 500 is compatible with most commonly used herbicides. (nufarm.com)
Atrazine is still one of the most widely used herbicides on corn and a key tool in Iowa's Nutrient Reduction Strategy, developed in 2013 to reduce phosphorus and nitrogen loss and improve surface water quality. (iowafarmbureau.com)
Atrazine and simazine are triazine herbicides registered for pre- and post-emergent control of numerous broadleaf and grassy weeds in turfgrass systems (including sod production, golf courses, residential lawns, athletic fields, school grounds, parks, roadsides, rights of way, and airports, among other sites). (ncsu.edu)
Atrazine and simazine are commonly used herbicides due in large part to efficacy and costs. (ncsu.edu)
Efforts to help farmers speak out against the proposal were coordinated by the Triazine Network, a diverse coalition of state and national agricultural groups across the nation that rely on atrazine and other triazine herbicides to control weeds . (morningagclips.com)
Our growers are frustrated with the repeated attacks on atrazine, one of the safest and most studied herbicides in history," Krissek said. (morningagclips.com)
The industry cites regulations requiring the replanting of douglas fir following a company's clearcutting as the primary reason for the widespread application of herbicides such as 2,4-D, Velossa, and Atrazine. (oregonstrategist.com)
Both simazine and atrazine are herbicides, and both belong to the tirazene class of nitrogen-containing compounds. (thankyourlawn.com)
Simazine and atrazine have some chemical differences which result in certain differences in effects when they are used as herbicides. (thankyourlawn.com)

Between 1.6 to 2.6 million pounds of atrazine are used on sugarcane every year. (atrazine.com)
These chemical poisons are causing severe harm to imperiled wildlife since U.S. use exceeds 70 million pounds of atrazine and 300 million pounds of glyphosate every year. (aquarius-systems.com)
Between 60 and 70 million pounds of atrazine are applied annually to crops (mainly corn), golf courses and lawns. (motherjones.com)

Atrazine is a herbicide that is used to stop pre- and post-emergence broadleaf and grassy weeds in crops such as sorghum, maize, sugarcane, lupins, pine, and eucalypt plantations, and triazine-tolerant canola. (wikipedia.org)
Atrazine is used to kill weeds, primarily on farms, but has also been used on highway and railroad rights-of-way. (cdc.gov)
Remove weeds like crabgrass and dandelions with atrazine. (ehow.com)
Atrazine is an herbicide used to control weeds. (ehow.com)
For best results, apply atrazine to St. Augustinegrass in early spring or during dormant periods when the weeds are young. (ehow.com)
Atrazine is critical to weed control in production agriculture, playing a vital role in the management of resistant weeds, the adoption and continued use of conservation tillage by U.S. farmers and the reduced environmental footprint of corn and sorghum. (atrazine.com)
Flowable Atrazine 500 is absorbed through leaves and roots and acts best on young weeds as a post-emergence spray. (nufarm.com)
Iowa farmers use atrazine on at least 65 percent of corn acres to control broadleaf weeds, more than any other crop protection compound, because it works, it's cost-effective, and it's safe for farmers and the environment. (iowafarmbureau.com)
Farmers have been using atrazine to control weeds in cornfields for decades, but that effective tool could soon be taken away. (sdcorn.org)
At the proposed allowable level, atrazine would be nearly useless in controlling weeds throughout the Corn Belt. (sdcorn.org)
Atrazine has been used to kill weeds on crops like corn since 1958. (mprnews.org)
Atrazine is also an exclusively pre-emergent herbicide, which means that it can only be applied before weeds have surfaced. (thankyourlawn.com)
Atrazine is a chlorinated triazine herbicide that is used to selectively control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds before they emerge. (agriplexindia.com)

EPA has however stated that "If at any time EPA determines there are urgent human or environmental risks from atrazine exposure that require prompt attention, we will take appropriate regulatory action, regardless of the status of the registration review process. (wikipedia.org)
Monitoring of atrazine levels in community water systems in 31 high-use states found that levels exceeded levels of concern for infant exposure during at least one year between 1993 and 2001 in 34 of 3670 community water systems using surface water, and in none of 14,500 community water systems using groundwater. (wikipedia.org)
However, exposure to atrazine may occur at farms where it has been sprayed. (cdc.gov)
There are limited human and animal data that suggest that there may be a link between atrazine exposure and various types of cancer. (cdc.gov)
In pregnant animals, exposure to atrazine causes a decrease in fetal growth and birth defects. (cdc.gov)
How can families reduce the risk of exposure to atrazine? (cdc.gov)
Detection of atrazine exposure through ingestion of In humans, atrazine is poorly absorbed metabolites in urine samples must be contaminated well water. (cdc.gov)
Pure atrazine is an odorless, white exposure for the general population. (cdc.gov)
No acute-, intermediate, or chronic- neurodevelopmental effects, and Atrazine is used as an herbicide on Dermal -Minor route of exposure. (cdc.gov)
Once in the environment, atrazine may An MRL of 0.003 mg/kg/day was exposure can result in systematic effects migrate out of soil in surface runoff to derived for intermediate-duration oral and damage to the heart, liver and streams, rivers, lakes or groundwater. (cdc.gov)
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.1 ppb for atrazine was defined by EWG based on epidemiological studies of human exposure to atrazine in drinking water. (ewg.org)
While Syngenta points to studies - some of them which the company funded - that show atrazine is safe, other studies such as "Case-Control Study of Maternal Atrazine Exposure and Male Genital Malformations" in the American Journal of Medical Genetics show it is linked to a small penis, hypospadias (the penis opens in the wrong place) and cryptorchidism (undescended testicles). (eugeneweekly.com)
And atrazine is associated in laboratory rodents with development of mammary cancer, or breast cancer, and there are epidemiological studies that associate atrazine exposure to breast cancer in humans,' Hayes said in the interview. (mprnews.org)
Title : Maternal Residential Atrazine Exposure and Risk for Choanal Atresia and Stenosis in Offspring Personal Author(s) : Agopian, A.J.;Cai, Yi;Langlois, Peter H.;Canfield, Mark A.;Lupo, Philip J. (cdc.gov)
Using Poisson regression, we calculated relative risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals for lifetime use of atrazine and intensity-weighted lifetime days, which accounts for factors that impact exposure. (cdc.gov)
There was no increase among atrazine users in overall cancer risk or at most cancer sites in the higher exposure categories compared with the lowest. (cdc.gov)
Quantitative assessment of mammary gland development in female long evans rats following in utero exposure to atrazine. (bvsalud.org)

In 1997, Hayes was asked by Syngenta to conduct experiments on the herbicide atrazine, but when his research on frogs began to show that the chemical causes abnormal sexual development - a decrease in testosterone, hermaphroditism especially in males - he says the work was slowed down by a lack of disbursement of funds. (eugeneweekly.com)
The herbicide ·atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-I,3,5- triazine) is the most heavily used agricultural pesticide in North America. (unl.edu)
California researcher Tyrone Hayes, who claims links between deformities found in frogs in Minnesota and the herbicide atrazine, spoke with doctors at the Mayo Clinic Wednesday about potential links between cancer and atrazine. (mprnews.org)

In another study looking at combined data from 236 university corn field trials from 1986 to 2005, atrazine treatments showed an average increase of 5.7 US bushels per acre (0.50 m3/ha) (~400 kilograms per hectare (360 lb/acre)) than alternative herbicide treatments. (wikipedia.org)
duration inhalation MRLs were derived impaired development of the crops such as sugarcane, corn, Atrazine in the Environment for atrazine. (cdc.gov)
The Illinois Corn Growers Association launched a call to action today, asking farmers to engage in a reregistration process that could cost them up to $30 per acre if they were to lose the right to use atrazine on Illinois fields! (ilcorn.org)
Atrazine was applied at 0.9 and 1.8 kg ha −1 , S -metolachlor at 0.7 and 1.4 kg ha −1 , and isoxaflutole at 0.05 and 0.11 kg ha −1 to field corn grown under conventional tillage and no-till. (bioone.org)
Without atrazine, farmers would see a huge drop in yields of major crops such as corn, sorghum and sugarcane. (atrazine.com)
Because of atrazine, U.S. corn production is the most robust agricultural system in the world. (atrazine.com)
This frog has deformed legs, and research conducted by a professor in California links such deformities to the use of atrazine, a common corn herbicide. (mprnews.org)
Those scientists are concerned that the growth of the ethanol industry will mean more corn and more atrazine in the environment. (mprnews.org)
Tyrone Hayes has been a controversial figure in Minnesota because his research indicated that atrazine, a popular corn herbicide used in the state, may cause deformities in frogs. (mprnews.org)
A 2012 University of Chicago economic study reported farming without atrazine would cost corn growers up to $59 per acre. (wicorn.org)
More than half of all U.S. corn acres rely on atrazine. (wicorn.org)
For farmers and operators, atrazine is an economically viable and effective herbicide for corn production. (jswconline.org)
MANHATTAN, Kan. - More than 16,000 farmers and agricultural organizations representing corn, citrus, grain sorghum, sugar cane, and other crops recently united against EPA's proposed revision to its 2020 atrazine registration review decision, submitting comments calling for the agency to base decisions on credible scientific evidence. (morningagclips.com)
For instance, sorghum and corn crops are more sensitive to simazine than atrazine. (thankyourlawn.com)
For this reason, atrazine is more commonly used for corn and sorghum crops. (thankyourlawn.com)
Terminal Residue and Dietary Risk Assessment of Atrazine and Isoxaflutole in Corn Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. (bvsalud.org)
Isoxaflutole and atrazine are representative pesticides for weed control in corn fields. (bvsalud.org)
The results may provide scientific guidance for using isoxaflutole and atrazine in corn field ecosystems . (bvsalud.org)

Atrazine metabolites and derivatives in for people who live near areas where crops administered via gavage to rats was the urine can be used as biomarkers of are grown may have a higher risk of absorbed. (cdc.gov)
Unlike 2,4-D, there is no reference value for the atrazine metabolites tested for in participants' urine. (eugeneweekly.com)
atrazine and its common metabolites were almost undetectable after 30 days incubation. (oregonstate.edu)
By comparison, unbioaugmented sediment supplemented with organic amendments (cellulose or cattail leaves) mineralized only 2-3% of 14C ethyl atrazine, and extractable atrazine and its common metabolites comprised approximately 70% of the original application. (oregonstate.edu)
The degradation and formation of major chlorinated metabolites of terbuthylazine and atrazine in three soils (loamy clay, calcareous clay and high clay) were studied in laboratory experiments using molecules labelled with 14C on the s-triazine ring. (univ-lorraine.fr)
The deethyl metabolites of the two s-triazines and the deisopropyl-atrazine metabolite appeared during the incubation in the three soils. (univ-lorraine.fr)

Farm Bureau policy supports the continued safe use of atrazine and other triazines. (iowafarmbureau.com)
EPA has ignored nearly 7,000 scientific studies over the past 50 years on the safe use of atrazine. (wicorn.org)

He then began to conduct his research on atrazine independently of Syngenta. (eugeneweekly.com)
The court documents used in the article came from a class-action lawsuit in the Midwest that Syngenta settled for $105 million for the costs of filtering atrazine from drinking water, though the company denies all wrongdoing. (eugeneweekly.com)
Last time EPA reviewed atrazine back in 2003, atrazine's maker, Syngenta, lobbied the agency with over 50 closed door meetings in the run-up to that decision. (panna.org)
For years Hayes has been producing research that he claims links atrazine, made by the Swiss-firm Syngenta, to frog deformities. (mprnews.org)
Throughout 2002 and 2003, officials from the Environmental Protection Agency were conducting regular meetings and email correspondence with representatives of Syngenta, the primary manufacturer of a pesticide called atrazine, at a time when the EPA was supposed to be evaluating atrazine, according to documents obtained by the Natural Resources Defense Council. (motherjones.com)
The 40-plus meetings were all in violation of EPA policy, as was the private deal that the agency struck with Syngenta before releasing its official findings on atrazine. (motherjones.com)
Under the terms of the deal, the EPA identified the 1,172 sites at highest risk from atrazine contamination and Syngenta agreed to monitor 40 of them. (motherjones.com)
Apparently satisfied, the EPA went on to decline to impose any further regulations, saying only that if atrazine levels at these sites were high two years in a row, they would allow Syngenta to propose voluntary mitigation. (motherjones.com)

Atrazine enters the environment primarily through spraying on farm crops. (cdc.gov)
Atrazine enables U.S. farmers to grow more crops with less of everything - less land, less water, less labor, less energy and less carbon released into the atmosphere. (atrazine.com)
Limited amounts of simazine are still used on crops in North America and parts of Asia, while atrazine is still used widely in the United States. (thankyourlawn.com)
Residues of atrazine may remain in the soil and affect some susceptible crops the next year. (onvegetables.com)
Attempts to predict the extent of carryover and damage to sensitive crops the year following atrazine use have been only partially successful. (onvegetables.com)
The biological assay outlined as follows does not provide an exact measure of the amount of atrazine present in the soil, but it can show you whether sufficient atrazine remains to harm sensitive crops. (onvegetables.com)

Without atrazine, U.S. sorghum farmers could lose more than 30-40 bushels per acre of yield. (atrazine.com)

In soil, atrazine is taken up by the plants growing in the soil or is broken down over a period of days to months. (cdc.gov)
By enabling conservation tillage and no-till farming, atrazine and the other triazines reduce soil erosion, decrease fuel use and improve water quality. (wicorn.org)
Soil microcosms were treated with the equivalent of 1 kg ha~1 of herbicide and incubated in the dark for 45 days at 20(^1)¡C. The quantity of [14C]carbon dioxide evolved in the soils treated with atrazine was negligible and could not be attributed to mineralization of the parent molecule. (univ-lorraine.fr)
After 45 days of incubation, the non-extractable soil residues for the high clay, loamy clay and calcareous clay soils represented for terbuthylazine, 33É5, 38É3 and 43É1% and for atrazine, 19É8, 20É8 and 22É3% of the initial radioactivity. (univ-lorraine.fr)
The rate of atrazine disappearance and, therefore, the amount remaining the next year, is affected by soil texture, pH and organic matter content, as well as atrazine application rate and timing, rainfall, and plant growth the previous year. (onvegetables.com)
Get a representative sample of soil from the field suspected of having atrazine residue. (onvegetables.com)
Potting soil can be used as a control sample with no atrazine residue. (onvegetables.com)
Atrazine is applied to the soil as a spray or granular application. (agriplexindia.com)

However, in their 2016 Refined Ecological Risk Assessment for Atrazine, it was stated that "it is difficult to make definitive conclusions about the impact of atrazine at a given concentration but multiple studies have reported effects to various endpoints at environmentally-relevant concentrations. (wikipedia.org)

Since the Mississippi drains 41 percent of the continental United States, a large amount of atrazine used across the country ends up being dumped into the Gulf of Mexico. (motherjones.com)

The legal limit for atrazine, established in 1991, was based on a toxicity study in laboratory animals conducted in the 1980s. (ewg.org)
The EPA sets the limit for atrazine in drinking water at 3 parts per billion (ppb), but a 2002 study from the University of California, Berkeley showed that even amounts as low as 0.1 ppb can induce hermaphroditism in frogs. (motherjones.com)

Studies suggest that atrazine is an endocrine disruptor that can cause hormone imbalance. (wikipedia.org)
A few studies are available that suggest that atrazine could affect pregnant women by causing their babies to grow more slowly than normal or by causing them to give birth early. (cdc.gov)

The EPA's review has been criticized, and the safety of atrazine remains controversial. (wikipedia.org)
For over a year, PAN has been watching EPA's long-overdue review of atrazine , a common herbicide and potent endocrine disruptor. (panna.org)
The EPA's Anne Lindsay in the Office of Pesticides says the agency has looked at the studies linking atrazine and frog deformities, including Hayes,' and found them lacking. (mprnews.org)
EPA's draft ecological study ignores research and would effectively ban the use of atrazine. (wicorn.org)
EPA's current aquatic LOC for atrazine is 10 ppb for 60 days, however all available credible scientific evidence suggests a safe aquatic life LOC should be 25 ppb or greater. (wicorn.org)
In their comments, growers expressed frustration with the EPA's lack of transparency and its repeated efforts to implement measures that would end effective use of atrazine for weed control. (morningagclips.com)

Sensitive species of aquatic plants experience temporary, but reversible, adverse effects at concentrations in the range of 1 to 5 ug atrazine/l. (unl.edu)
However, potentially harmful phytotoxic concentrations of atrazine, i.e., >10 ug/l for extended periods, have not been documented in the environment, and are probably unrealistic under current application and degradation rates. (unl.edu)
Aquatic fauna are indirectly affected at atrazine concentrations of 20 ug/l and higher, partly through reduction of the food supply of herbivores, and partly through loss of macrophyte habitat. (unl.edu)
Atrazine levels in Columbus, Ohio, tap water reached 8.74 μg L −1 in the early 1990s, leading to a watershed-based approach aimed to reduce elevated atrazine concentrations. (jswconline.org)
Through EQIP, the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) offered financial incentives to farmers and operators to apply alternative pesticide management practices in an effort to reduce atrazine concentrations in the reservoir and maintain the concentrations below the drinking water standard. (jswconline.org)
Monthly reservoir atrazine concentrations measured from 1985 through 2005 represent three distinct time periods with respect to atrazine management: no label restrictions (1985 to 1992), post label restrictions (1993 to 1998), and post label restrictions plus EQIP implementation (1999 to 2005). (jswconline.org)
This study indicates that annually eliminating atrazine application on approximately 16% of the crop production acres may reduce and maintain reservoir atrazine concentrations below drinking water thresholds. (jswconline.org)
Both simazine and atrazine can be harmful in high enough concentrations and both are banned in the EU. (thankyourlawn.com)
For instance, in 2007 the EPA determined that the concentrations of atrazine in Americans' drinking water was not dangerous. (thankyourlawn.com)
Studies on Atlantic salmon presented at recent scientific conferences showed that nine percent of fish exposed to atrazine in concentrations of 100 ppb died, and others experienced significant weight loss. (motherjones.com)
According to the Berkeley study, atrazine can be found in concentrations as high as 21 ppb in ground water, 102 ppb in river basins in agricultural areas, 224 ppb in some streams and up to 2,300 ppb in tailwater pits in Midwestern agricultural areas. (motherjones.com)

As of 2001[update], atrazine was the most commonly detected pesticide contaminating drinking water in the U.S.: 44 Studies suggest it is an endocrine disruptor, an agent that can alter the natural hormonal system. (wikipedia.org)
However, in 2006 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had stated that under the Food Quality Protection Act "the risks associated with the pesticide residues pose a reasonable certainty of no harm", and in 2007, the EPA said that atrazine does not adversely affect amphibian sexual development and that no additional testing was warranted. (wikipedia.org)
Atrazine is a restricted use pesticide that absorbed dermally. (cdc.gov)
The Environmental Protection Agency has determined that the endocrine-disrupting pesticide atrazine and cancer-linked pesticide glyphosate are each likely to harm more than 1,000 of the nation's most endangered plants and animals. (aquarius-systems.com)
The heavy use of atrazine along the Chesapeake Bay and up and down the Mississippi River will continue while environmental groups struggle to convince the EPA to reconsider their decision on the pesticide. (motherjones.com)
Atrazine and cancer incidence among pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study (1994-2007). (cdc.gov)

For example, when asked by the audience, he told us that some home water purifiers can remove atrazine in drinking water. (utoronto.ca)
Additionally, for every dollar spent on the NRCS 595 pest management practice cost shared through the EQIP program, a US$2.73 benefit for the City of Columbus was realized through reduced drinking water treatment costs to remove atrazine. (jswconline.org)

Atrazine is a herbicide commonly detected in drinking water that comes from cornfield and other agricultural runoff. (ewg.org)
These findings suggest that the best management practices for atrazine can be used to manage S -metolachlor and isoxaflutole/DKN loss in surface water runoff. (bioone.org)

Are Changes Coming for Atrazine and Simazine? (ncsu.edu)
This process began most recently with atrazine and simazine in 2013 and the results (formally called "Proposed Interim Registration Review Decision") were released in December 2019. (ncsu.edu)
Turf managers are encouraged to submit comments articulating why atrazine and simazine are crucial and how the proposed changes will impact you BEFORE March 02, 2020. (ncsu.edu)
Additionally, individuals should specify how and why atrazine and simazine are used as well as the benefits. (ncsu.edu)
What is the difference between atrazine and simazine? (thankyourlawn.com)
One main difference between simazine and atrazine is that the latter is a selective herbicide while the former is non-selective. (thankyourlawn.com)
This means that atrazine kills a particular type of plant while simazine kills plants more indiscriminately. (thankyourlawn.com)
For these reasons, atrazine is somewhat more popular than Simazine as an industrial herbicide. (thankyourlawn.com)
Another significant difference between Simazine and Atrazine involves their environmental impacts. (thankyourlawn.com)
In other words, simazine is less likely than atrazine to wash away and contaminate other environments after it accumulates under a crop. (thankyourlawn.com)
Both simazine and atrazine accumulate in water rather than food. (thankyourlawn.com)
The environmental harms caused by the widespread, long-term use of both simazine and atrazine have been significant. (thankyourlawn.com)
There are alternatives to simazine as well as atrazine. (thankyourlawn.com)
Because it breaks down more rapidly, this chemical is safer than simazine and atrazine in terms of accumulation in water supplies. (thankyourlawn.com)

Atrazine helps farmers produce more food using less land, less water and less energy - resources which continue to be impacted and threatened by environmental factors like climate change. (atrazine.com)
Without atrazine, farmers would have to increase tillage and mechanical weeding, adding time, cost, and harming human health and the environment. (atrazine.com)
Iowa farmers have used atrazine very responsibly. (iowafarmbureau.com)
All you need to do is click on this link - http://fightepa.org/ - and in less than a minute you can join thousands of farmers in letting the EPA know that placing such stringent limits on atrazine would be a mistake. (sdcorn.org)
KEY MESSAGE: Atrazine is an important weed control tool for farmers. (wicorn.org)

Pure atrazine is an odorless, white powder that is not very volatile, reactive, or flammable and that will dissolve in water. (cdc.gov)

Atrazine contamination of surface water (lakes, rivers, and streams) in the U.S. has been monitored by the EPA and has consistently exceeded levels of concern in two Missouri watersheds and one in Nebraska. (wikipedia.org)
In Europe, governments are already on board: The European Union banned atrazine for evidence of persistent water contamination back in 2003. (motherjones.com)

Like atrazine, a related triazine herbicide, it acts by inhibiting photosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Background: Atrazine is a triazine herbicide used widely in the United States. (cdc.gov)

Human epidemiological studies suggest that federal standards for atrazine are insufficient to protect public health. (ewg.org)

In 1999 the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment set a public health goal of 0.15 parts per billion for atrazine in drinking water, based on a study finding increased rates of breast cancer in rats exposed to the chemical. (ewg.org)

targets of atrazine toxicity. (cdc.gov)
Data are lacking for atrazine toxicity to mammalian wildlife, but tests with domestic livestock and small laboratory animals indicate that this group is also comparatively resistant. (unl.edu)

Atrazine has been shown to bind covalently to (chemically react with) a large number of mammalian proteins. (wikipedia.org)
One of the things we discovered is that atrazine chemically castrates the frog, meaning that it causes a reduction in the male hormone, testosterone, which results in things like decreased sperm count, a decrease in the voice box, controls the male's ability to attract mates,' Hayes said in an interview with Minnesota Public Radio news. (mprnews.org)
Atrazine chemically castrates and feminizes wildlife. (actualactivists.com)

He says the enzyme that atrazine activates in frogs is the same one found in humans. (mprnews.org)

Nearly 98% of Florida's sugarcane crop and one-third of Louisiana's sugarcane crop are treated with atrazine. (atrazine.com)
Alternatives to atrazine would increase U.S. sugarcane grower costs $5 to $13 an acre and reduce revenue 2% to 17% , depending on the state. (atrazine.com)

In the United States as of 2014, atrazine was the second-most widely used herbicide after glyphosate, with 76 million pounds (34 thousand metric tons) of it applied each year. (wikipedia.org)

We could guarantee you item excellent and aggressive price tag for Atrazine 4f, Non Selective Herbicide , Ddt Herbicide , Pre Emergent Herbicide For Lawns , Stonewall Herbicide . (bigpesticides.com)

Surface water monitoring data from 20 high atrazine use watersheds found peak atrazine levels up to 147 parts per billion, with daily averages in all cases below 10 parts per billion. (wikipedia.org)
Federal laws allow up to 3 parts per billion of atrazine in treated tap water. (ewg.org)
Water suppliers average atrazine measurements collected over a year, which means that the reported values underestimate intense spikes of elevated exposures during the periods in late spring and early summer when atrazine is applied in large amounts on farm fields. (ewg.org)
California's legal maximum for atrazine in tap water is 1 ppb. (ewg.org)
The atrazine product label also recommends you wear latex gloves and footwear that repels water as added protection against the chemical. (ehow.com)
of atrazine with 1 gallon of water. (ehow.com)
Spray the atrazine on your lawn, using it only in areas that are protected from wells, sinkholes and bodies of water. (ehow.com)
Add the required quantity of Flowable Atrazine 500 to water in the spray tank and agitate. (nufarm.com)
In Hayes' initial research, he took lab tadpoles and put atrazine in the water they lived in. (mprnews.org)
Since the early 1990s, atrazine concentration exceeding the drinking water standard of 3 μg L −1 (parts per billion) in US drinking water supplies has been identified as a costly and major water quality concern. (jswconline.org)
Atrazine is a widespread pollutant of groundwater and drinking water. (aquarius-systems.com)
Atrazine is a weed-killer herbicide and is the most common chemical contaminant of ground and surface water in the United States. (actualactivists.com)
It is important to avoid applying atrazine near water bodies. (agriplexindia.com)
Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling atrazine. (agriplexindia.com)
However, the sensitivity in tap water was significantly lower but still suitable for atrazine detection by the spike method. (lmaleidykla.lt)

Atrazine is one of the pesticides found in the urine of dozens of residents, including children, of rural Triangle Lake, just west of Eugene. (eugeneweekly.com)
Now, pharma shills push pesticides and GMOs as if they are healthy for kids and the environment, and they even publish books about it (and brag about it on pharma-huckster websites), like super-toxic atrazine. (newstarget.com)
In this study Mytilus edulis was used to investigate the effects of two pesticides, atrazine and lindane, which have different modes of action but produce similar changes in behaviour (depression of ventilation and feeding) in the mussels, and can cause starvation and mild hypoxia. (port.ac.uk)

The half-time persistence of atrazine in soils is usually about 4 days, but may range up to 385 days in dry, sandy, alkaline soils, under conditions of low temperature and low microbial densities. (unl.edu)
atrazine annually have many, soils that have never received atrazine have very few such bacteria , and soils that have received atrazine intermittently have an intermediate number. (floralibrary.com)
In the soils studied, the extrapolated half-lives varied from 88 to 116 days for terbuthylazine and 66 to 105 days for atrazine, with no signiÐcant di †erences for the three soils and the two molecules. (univ-lorraine.fr)

Atrazine (ATZ) is an environmental pollutant that interferes with several aspects of mammalian cellular processes including germ cell development, immunological, reproductive and neurological functions. (frontiersin.org)

The EPA recently published their Preliminary Interim Decision (PID) on atrazine. (ilcorn.org)
The Iowa Farm Bureau Federation (IFBF), the largest general farm organization in the state with more than 153,000 members, appreciates the opportunity to file these comments on the Environmental Protection Agency's Proposed Interim Decision (PID) for atrazine and the other triazines . (iowafarmbureau.com)

Atrazine degradation by bioaugmented sediment from constructed wetlands. (oregonstate.edu)

Atrazine was invented in 1958 in the Geigy laboratories as the second of a series of 1,3,5-triazines. (wikipedia.org)

Scientist Tyrone Hayes reels off the list of effects on amphibians, rats and humans that he and other researchers have linked to the chemical atrazine. (eugeneweekly.com)

He says the study shows atrazine interrupts the endocrine system and mutates human hormones. (mprnews.org)
Lindsay does acknowledge that studies have shown atrazine has caused abnormalities in the endocrine systems of lab rats. (mprnews.org)

The population density of atrazine-degrading microorganisms in unbioaugmented sediment was increased from approximately 10(2)/g to 10(4)/g by bioaugmentation (1:100 w/w), and increased by another 60-fold (6.0x10(5) g(-1)) after incubation with 10 microg g(-1) of atrazine. (oregonstate.edu)
A high population of atrazine degraders (approximately 10(6) g(-1)) and enhanced rates of atrazine mineralization also developed in bioaugmented sediment after incubation in flooded mesocosms planted with cattails (Typha latifolia) and supplemented with atrazine (3.2 mg l(-1), 1 microg g(-1) sediment). (oregonstate.edu)
The impact of different atrazine concentration on a chitinolytic actinomycete and the biodegradation of atrazine by this microbe was examined.Isolates were grown in pure culture in Chitin Mineral Salts Broth with and without addition of atrazine for a two month incubation at room temperature on a rotary shaker. (bsu.edu)

Atrazine does not accumulate in living organisms such as algae, bacteria, clams, or fish. (cdc.gov)

resulted in decreased fetal body weight, Atrazine is the most widely used through ingestion of contaminated well Inhalation incomplete ossification, herbicide in the United States. (cdc.gov)

Available information is inadequate to definitely state whether atrazine causes cancer in humans. (cdc.gov)
A Cancer Assessment Review Committee (CARC) sponsored by EPA has classified atrazine as not likely to be carcinogenic to humans. (cdc.gov)
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that atrazine is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (cdc.gov)
Once absorbed by humans, atrazine is to buy or use. (cdc.gov)
That study is looking at whether atrazine has caused any diseases in humans. (mprnews.org)

The USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service estimates the actual atrazine use rate in Iowa is 1.037 pounds per acre per year. (iowafarmbureau.com)
The maximum labeled rate for atrazine in most application situations in Iowa is 2 pounds per acre. (iowafarmbureau.com)

Never spray atrazine on windy days because it will drift onto other plants. (ehow.com)

Hayes' work allows state and federal agencies to better understand the possible effects on human health by chemicals such as atrazine. (eugeneweekly.com)

Atrazine has been found to act as an agonist of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1. (wikipedia.org)

Title : Two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography separation and tandem mass spectrometry detection of atrazine and its metabolic and hydrolysis products in urine☆ Personal Author(s) : Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna;Panuwet, Parinya;Jayatilaka, Nayana K.;Pirkle, James L.;Calafat, Antonia M. (cdc.gov)
Electrochemically co-polymerised folic acid and riboflavin as well as folic acid and L-lysine were employed for the detection of atrazine using square wave voltammetry. (lmaleidykla.lt)
The best method was the square wave voltammetry showing the best sensitivity to atrazine 198 ± 1 μA/μM cm2, and the limit of detection was 14.8 nM. (lmaleidykla.lt)

Regression analyses indicated that May through June precipitation and hectares enrolled in the EQIP pest management practice (Natural Resource Conservation Service Practice 595) were the two most important predictors of reservoir atrazine concentration. (jswconline.org)
Only the 0.1 ppm atrazine concentration with the actinomycete culture demonstrated tolerance to the atrazine and showed chitinolytic activity in the radioactive assay and chitin derivatives by HPLC. (bsu.edu)

Analysis by HPLC and Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detector (GC with ECD) were used to determine the breakdown of atrazine.No atrazine derivatives were determined by HPLC and GC analysis. (bsu.edu)

Farm workers, chemical sprayers, and people who work in factories that make atrazine may be exposed. (cdc.gov)
Of these inaccurate and misleading statements, 96.5% seem to benefit the makers of atrazine in that they support the safety of the chemical. (panna.org)
Chemical analyses for atrazine are complicated, expensive and can be made only in specialized laboratories. (onvegetables.com)
Atrazine residue may decrease due to chemical and biological breakdown if samples are stored indoors under warm conditions. (onvegetables.com)

Now the agency is accepting comments on a new petition to pull the use of atrazine, a petition that points to misleading industry-funded science as the basis for keeping this widely used herbicide on the market. (panna.org)

Chemicals and Drugs5

Health Care1

Maternal exposure to atrazine during lactation suppresses suckling-induced prolactin release and results in prostatitis in the adult offspring. (1/193)

Associations between stomach cancer incidence and drinking water contamination with atrazine and nitrate in Ontario (Canada) agroecosystems, 1987-1991. (2/193)

Atrazine disrupts the hypothalamic control of pituitary-ovarian function. (3/193)

Isotope-labeled immunoassays without radiation waste. (4/193)

Determination of selected herbicides and phenols in water and soils by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. (5/193)

Analysis of the diversity of a sheep antibody repertoire as revealed from a bacteriophage display library. (6/193)

Characterization of an atrazine-degrading Pseudaminobacter sp. isolated from Canadian and French agricultural soils. (7/193)

Differential modulation of catecholamines by chlorotriazine herbicides in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells in vitro. (8/193)

Atrazine

Herbicides

Simazine

Soil Pollutants

Triazines

Biodegradation, Environmental

Maternal exposure to atrazine during lactation suppresses suckling-induced prolactin release and results in prostatitis in the adult offspring. (1/193)

Associations between stomach cancer incidence and drinking water contamination with atrazine and nitrate in Ontario (Canada) agroecosystems, 1987-1991. (2/193)

Atrazine disrupts the hypothalamic control of pituitary-ovarian function. (3/193)

Isotope-labeled immunoassays without radiation waste. (4/193)

Determination of selected herbicides and phenols in water and soils by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. (5/193)

Analysis of the diversity of a sheep antibody repertoire as revealed from a bacteriophage display library. (6/193)

Characterization of an atrazine-degrading Pseudaminobacter sp. isolated from Canadian and French agricultural soils. (7/193)

Differential modulation of catecholamines by chlorotriazine herbicides in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells in vitro. (8/193)

Atrazine

Atrazine chlorohydrolase

LGBT chemicals conspiracy theory

Tyrone Hayes

Simazine

Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories

Pesticides in the United States

Herbicide

Hydroxydechloroatrazine ethylaminohydrolase

Fish physiology

Alex Avery

N-isopropylammelide isopropylaminohydrolase

Cyanuric acid amidohydrolase

Cyanamide hydratase

Biuret amidohydrolase

Hazard

Isotopic signature

Enzyme promiscuity

Continuous adsorption-regeneration

Electrochemical regeneration

St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)

Gonadal dysgenesis

Abdominal wall defect

Autoradiograph

Rakesh Kumar Jain

Ceratophyllum demersum

Nontronite

Xenoestrogen

Holly Ingraham

Syngenta

Atrazine - Wikipedia

Atrazine | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDR

EWG Tap Water Database | Malvern Water Supply | Atrazine

How to Apply Atrazine to St. Augustine Grass | ehow

Atrazine Wars - Eugene Weekly

Of atrazine, frogs and the most effective ways to communicate science | University of Toronto

Act Now To Protect Atrazine

atrazine Archives - Center for Environmental Health

Frontiers | Atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemopreventive Interventions

Atrazine, S-metolachlor, and isoxaflutole loss in runoff as affected by rainfall and management

Atrazine Herbicide's - The Benefits | Syngenta

atrazine - Avian Conservation and Ecology

Atrazine Male Enhancement - ATIME.org

Flowable Atrazine - Nufarm New Zealand

What's On My Food :: Hydroxy atrazine

IFBF Comments on EPA's Proposed Interim Decision for Atrazine

No more secret atrazine science | Pesticide Action Network (PAN)

Take action to stop extreme atrazine rules

Are Changes Coming for Atrazine and Simazine? | NC State Extension

"Atrazine Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Revi" by Ronald Eisler

GENDER FLUIDITY? Maybe it "originates" from hormones in meat and dairy, soy estrogen, and atrazine gender-bender weed-killers...

Mayo docs hear from researcher on suspected atrazine, cancer links | MPR News

Atrazine Weed Control for Corn Farmers | Wisconsin Corn (WCGA)

Response of reservoir atrazine concentrations following regulatory and management changes | Journal of Soil and Water...

Herbicides Glyphosate and Atrazine Harming Endangered Species

"Atrazine Degradation Product Formation in the Vadose Zone" by Craig D. Adams

Farmers nationwide send a strong message to EPA on atrazine | Morning Ag Clips

Avoiding Atrazine should be a Priority! - Actual Activists

Scholars Crossing - 2014-2016 Undergraduate: Effects of Atrazine (1-Chloro-3ethylamino-5isopropylamino-2, 4, 6-triazine) on the...

Effects of atrazine4

Levels of atrazine5

Herbicides16

Million pounds of atrazine3

Weeds13

Exposure17

Herbicide atrazine3