Women's interest in vaginal microbicides. (1/1047)
CONTEXT: Each year, an estimated 15 million new cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV, occur in the United States. Women are not only at a disadvantage because of their biological and social susceptibility, but also because of the methods that are available for prevention. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of 1,000 women aged 18-44 in the continental United States who had had sex with a man in the last 12 months were interviewed by telephone. Analyses identified levels and predictors of women's worry about STDs and interest in vaginal microbicides, as well as their preferences regarding method characteristics. Numbers of potential U.S. microbicide users were estimated. RESULTS: An estimated 21.3 million U.S. women have some potential current interest in using a microbicidal product. Depending upon product specifications and cost, as many as 6.0 million women who are worried about getting an STD would be very interested in current use of a microbicide. These women are most likely to be unmarried and not cohabiting, of low income and less education, and black or Hispanic. They also are more likely to have visited a doctor for STD symptoms or to have reduced their sexual activity because of STDs, to have a partner who had had other partners in the past year, to have no steady partner or to have ever used condoms for STD prevention. CONCLUSIONS: A significant minority of women in the United States are worried about STDs and think they would use vaginal microbicides. The development, testing and marketing of such products should be expedited. (+info)Genetic evidence that InhA of Mycobacterium smegmatis is a target for triclosan. (2/1047)
Three Mycobacterium smegmatis mutants selected for resistance to triclosan each had a different mutation in InhA, an enoyl reductase involved in fatty acid synthesis. Two expressed some isoniazid resistance. A mutation originally selected on isoniazid also mediated triclosan resistance, as did the wild-type inhA gene on a multicopy plasmid. Replacement of the mutant chromosomal inhA genes with wild-type inhA eliminated resistance. These results suggest that M. smegmatis InhA, like its Escherichia coli homolog FabI, is a target for triclosan. (+info)High cure rate of Helicobacter pylori infection using tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate, furazolidone and clarithromycin triple therapy for 1 week. (3/1047)
BACKGROUND: When metronidazole is used in bismuth-based or proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy, the cure rate of Helicobacter pylori is usually high. However, metronidazole-resistant H. pylori strains, which are increasing in frequency, are a major cause of failed H. pylori eradication. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of non-metronidazole containing bismuth-based triple therapy for H. pylori infection. METHODS: One-hundred and eighty H. pylori-positive patients with endoscopically documented peptic ulcer disease or functional dyspepsia were randomly assigned to one of three 1-week regimens containing tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (also called colloidal bismuth subcitrate) 240 mg b.d. and two antibiotics: furazolidone 100 mg b.d. plus clarithromycin 250 mg b.d. (Group A); or clarithromycin 250 mg b.d. plus amoxycillin 1000 mg b.d. (Group B); or furazolidone 100 mg b.d. plus josamycin 1000 mg b.d. (Group C). H. pylori status was assessed by rapid urease test, histology and culture of gastric biopsy specimens taken from both the antrum and corpus, both before and at least 4 weeks after completion of therapy. RESULTS: Thirteen patients dropped out (3 in group A, 5 in group B and 5 in group C). Based on an intention-to-treat analysis, the eradication rates achieved in groups A, B and C were 88% (53/60), 58% (35/60) and 77% (46/60), respectively. These differences were significant between groups A and B (P < 0.001), as well as between groups B and C (P < 0.05). Side-effects occurred in 7 (12%) patients in group A, 3 (5%) in group B and 8 (13%) in group C, and were mild, with the exception of vomiting in one patient (group C) that resulted in withdrawal from the study. CONCLUSION: One-week triple therapy, consisting of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate, low-dose furazolidone and low-dose clarithromycin, achieves a high cure rate of H. pylori. (+info)Furazolidone-containing short-term triple therapies are effective in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. (4/1047)
BACKGROUND: A furazolidone-containing therapeutic regimen for Helicobacter pylori infection has attracted special interest in the face of a rising world-wide metronidazole resistant H. pylori, and the expense of currently used antimicrobial regimens. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of furazolidone-containing regimens in eradicating H. pylori. METHODS: One-hundred and forty H. pylori positive patients with endoscopically confirmed duodenal ulcer or functional dyspepsia received one of four different regimens to eradicate H. pylori. In the first trial, the patients were randomly assigned to receive a 1-week course of furazolidone 100 mg b.d. and clarithromycin 250 mg b.d., with either tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (TDB) 240 mg b.d. (FCB group) or lansoprazole 30 mg daily (FCL group). In the second trial, the patients were randomly assigned to receive a 1-week course of clarithromycin 250 mg b.d. and omeprazole 20 mg daily, with either furazolidone 100 mg b.d. (FCO group) or metronidazole 400 mg b.d. (MCO group). Endoscopy was repeated 4 weeks following completion of therapy with re-assessment of H. pylori status on gastric biopsies by histology and culture. RESULTS: Four patients (1 in FCB, 1 in FCO and 2 in MCO groups) dropped out because they refused a follow-up endoscopy. Eradication rates of H. pylori on an intention-to-treat basis in the FCB, FCL, FCO and MCO groups were 91% (32/35, 95% CI: 82-99%), 91% (32/35, CI: 82-99%), 86% (30/35, CI: 74-97%) and 74% (26/35, CI: 60-89%) (all P > 0.05), respectively. Mild side-effects occurred in 15% of the 140 patients. In MCO group, the eradication rate in the patients infected with metronidazole-sensitive isolates of H. pylori was 86%, but dropped to 67% in those with metronidazole-resistance strains (P = 0.198). CONCLUSION: One-week regimens containing furazolidone and clarithromycin in combination with TDB or a proton pump inhibitor fulfil the criteria for successful H. pylori therapy. (+info)A test for 'hygienic' hand disinfection. (5/1047)
A standardised test procedure is described in which finger-tips are inoculated with broth cultures of organisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphyloccocus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa): counts are made from washings of hands after disinfection with various antiseptic-detergents, alcoholic solutions, or unmedicated soap. 70% alcohol, with or without chlorhexidine, was the most effective preparation. The two antiseptic detergents showed variable results, but against Gram-negative bacilli neither was significantly more effective than plain soap. Some tests were also made on the death rate of organisms dried on the skin without disinfection. (+info)Cluster of postinjection abscesses related to corticosteroid injections and use of benzalkonium chloride. (6/1047)
Benzalkonium chloride (BC) is an unreliable disinfectant. A matched case-control study and environmental investigation were conducted to determine the cause of and risk factors for a cluster of postinjection abscesses at a private medical clinic where BC was used as a disinfectant. Twenty-eight case-patients who had an abscess at the injection site were matched with 126 control patients who had received an intramuscular injection at the clinic on the same day. Risk factors for abscess development in a multivariable logistic model were corticosteroid injection and being female. All case-patients had received a corticosteroid injection from a multidose vial. Cultures of abscesses from 20 of 23 case-patients grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cultures of BC prepared at the clinic also grew P aeruginosa, suggesting that BC was the source of infection. Injection site cleaning with BC did not appear to be the route of infection since use of BC at the time of injection was not associated with abscess development. A more likely route of infection was injection of contaminated corticosteroid from multidose vials that could have been inoculated with pseudomonads via needle puncture after vial septa were wiped with contaminated BC. Benzalkonium chloride should not be used to clean injection vial septa or injection sites. (+info)DSC and NMR spectroscopic studies of the interaction between camphorated phenol and phospholipid liposomes. (7/1047)
To clarify the interaction mechanism of biological activities induced by camphorated phenol (CP), the interactions between CP and phospholipid liposomes [dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes, dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes and DMPC/dilauloyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DLEA) liposomes] were studies by DSC and NMR spectroscopy. CP exhibited a larger DSC phase transition properties [shift of phase transition temperature to a lower temperature and decrease in Height/Half-Height Width (H/HHW) of DSC peak)] than phenol in the various liposome systems. It was concluded from the NMR studies that CP is highly incorporated into the DPPC bilayer, the 1H and 13C signals of phenol in a complex between phenol and camphor being markedly broadened but shielded in the presence of DPPC liposomes. It was clear that CP is incorporated as a complex into the lipid bilayers. (+info)Treatment of toenail onychomycosis with 2% butenafine and 5% Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil in cream. (8/1047)
The prevalence of onychomycosis, a superficial fungal infection that destroys the entire nail unit, is rising, with no satisfactory cure. The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to examine the clinical efficacy and tolerability of 2% butenafine hydrochloride and 5% Melaleuca alternifolia oil incorporated in a cream to manage toenail onychomycosis in a cohort. Sixty outpatients (39 M, 21 F) aged 18-80 years (mean 29.6) with 6-36 months duration of disease were randomized to two groups (40 and 20), active and placebo. After 16 weeks, 80% of patients using medicated cream were cured, as opposed to none in the placebo group. Four patients in the active treatment group experienced subjective mild inflammation without discontinuing treatment. During follow-up, no relapse occurred in cured patients and no improvement was seen in medication-resistant and placebo participants. (+info)Pityriasis is a general term used to describe a group of skin conditions characterized by scaling. It includes several specific types, the most common being Pityriasis rosea and Pityriasis simplex capillitii (also known as dandruff).
1. Pityriasis rosea: This is a temporary skin rash that often begins with a single, round, scaly patch on the chest, abdomen, or back. A few days to weeks later, more patches appear. These patches are oval and scaly, and they may be pink, red, or tan. The rash usually lasts about 6-8 weeks.
2. Pityriasis simplex capillitii: This is a very common condition characterized by flaking or scaling of the scalp, which is often referred to as dandruff.
The term "pityriasis" comes from the Greek word "pitýrios," which means "bran."
Scolopendra polymorpha
Urethrotomy
ICD-9-CM Volume 3
Infection prevention and control
Cystoscopy
SRI International
Drug labelling
ESKAPE
Urethroplasty
List of patent medicines
Palestinianism
Non-mevalonate pathway
List of MeSH codes (D27)
Cutibacterium acnes
Brucellosis
AstraZeneca
HSV epigenetics
Mercury regulation in the United States
Tuberculosis
Sir William Arbuthnot Lane, 1st Baronet
Venous ulcer
Cold sore
Cataract surgery
Rifampicin
Jack McKee
Oral mucosa
Antibiotic
Entomopathogenic nematode
Microdialysis
Ophiocordyceps unilateralis
Formats: Text / Subjects: Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Titles: Hydronaphthol, a new antiseptic / Dates by Range: 1850-1899 -...
Can Chemical Mouthwash Agents Achieve Plaque/Gingivitis Control?
A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of cosmetic talc compared with iodopovidone for chemical pleurodesis
Dehydrated Ethanol - Solvents, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Central Nervous System Depressants, ...
WTS database | WHO FCTC
Lillian Juttukonda, M.D., Ph.D. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Fenol - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea.
Patel Nagar Business Directory | Local Businesses in Surat | IndianYellowPages
Assessment of the Availability and Accuracy of Dosing Devices Packaged with Oral Liquid Medications in the Ho Municipality of...
Book - Frontiers in Anti-infective Agents | Bentham Science
Scolopendra polymorpha - Wikipedia
Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Hea... | Archive ouverte UNIGE
PTN1121 Pharmacology I - Seminole State College
Anti Infectives - Shree Dashrath
Mechanism of SAMMA against HSV: key cofactor for HIV - Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Search Results | DrugBank Online
Enhanced chlorhexidine skin penetration with 1,8-cineole<...
Portal Regional da BVS
Redness and Blemish Control with Emu Oil for Rosacea
Code System Concept
Auxiliary chemical therapies in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis: current aspects
BIGG
Povidone. Medical search
Crystal violet QuickView - Correlation Engine
Gingivitis. Medical search. Definitions
Substances1
- Green Tea: contains high levels of substances called polyphenols, known to be strong anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic. (allaboutemu.com)
Antiseptics2
- Among the local adjuncts, the literature presents antiseptics, antibiotics and photodynamic therapy. (bvsalud.org)
- They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (lookformedical.com)
Antibacterial5
- Anti-infective agents are secondary metabolites produced and obtained from a different sources (plants, bacteria, virus, fungi, and marine oceans) with antibacterial or antiviral properties. (benthamscience.com)
- Anti-infective agents (antibacterial or antiviral) possess either a bactericidal/virucidal or bacteriostatic /virustatic ability against microbes and viruses. (benthamscience.com)
- has long been used in herbal healing for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral compounds. (allaboutemu.com)
- Purges the skin of toxins, absorbs excess oiliness, is antibacterial and produces a mild local anesthetic action. (allaboutemu.com)
- We specialise in unconventional 'Smart Immunology' based approaches to tackling infection and in doing so have engineered antifungal and antibacterial drug candidates with the potential to revolutionise the anti-infective industry. (lifesciencesscotland.com)
Metabolism2
- used as an anti-inflammatory agent and also to stimulate skin metabolism Vitamin E: plant-derived Vitamin E acts as a powerful antioxidant for skin, hair, and scalp, as well as a natural preservative that keeps our products fresh and extends the shelf life. (allaboutemu.com)
- Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM. (lookformedical.com)
Anesthesia1
- Thomas Viola is a board-certified pharmacist who also serves the professions of dentistry as a clinical educator, professional speaker and published author, in the areas of oral pharmacology and local anesthesia. (tomviola.com)
Humans1
- Resistant variants will provide insight into the mechanism of anti-viral activity of the compound and the potential for generating resistant virus in humans. (elsevierpure.com)
Systemic2
- Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory represent systemic adjuncts. (bvsalud.org)
- It is imperative that all dental practitioners be equally aware of the medical considerations of agents commonly used in the practice of dentistry as well as the dental considerations of the medications frequently prescribed for the treatment of multiple systemic diseases. (tomviola.com)
Anesthetic2
- Lidocaine is an amide local anesthetic used in 1% concentration. (medscape.com)
- Discuss local anesthetic agents with respect to their mechanism of action, adverse effects and contraindications. (tomviola.com)
Topical3
- A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque. (lookformedical.com)
- The incidence and ranking of common allergens in topical medicaments may vary depending on local prescription and self-medication behavior. (tmu.edu.tw)
- The authors concluded tics, antifungals, antivirals, antihistamines, that health care professionals need to give local anaesthetics, emollients, keratolytics, patients more information about their topi- antiparasitics and topical corticosteroids. (who.int)
Antineoplastic Agents1
- Antineoplastic agents that are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumors. (lookformedical.com)
Commonly2
- The anti-TB drugs commonly used are insufficient and have multiple adverse effects. (benthamscience.com)
- Examine the pharmacology of anti-infective agents commonly used in dentistry and their clinical considerations. (tomviola.com)
Mechanism2
- Therefore, the aim of the present chapter is to outline the world of anti- infective agents, along with their mechanism of action. (benthamscience.com)
- Thus, understanding the mechanism of anti-HSV activity of this family of drugs may shed light on mechanism of anti- HIV activity .The first aim of Project II is to evaluate the efficacy, cytotoxicity and mechanisms of activity of SAMMA and chemical derivatives against HSV using primary and permanent human cell culture systems. (elsevierpure.com)
Antibiotic1
- There is a dearth of local information in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates about antibiotic resistance patterns. (who.int)
Drugs5
- The implementation of new anti-TB drugs together with host-directed therapy (HDT) can decrease the duration of treatment and improve the TB patients' health. (benthamscience.com)
- They can be new anti-TB drugs or agents for HDT. (benthamscience.com)
- The course is designed to include a study of anti-infective drugs, the nervous system, the musculoskeletal system, pain and inflammatory agents. (seminolestate.edu)
- Topics include autonomic and central nervous system agents, anti-inflammatory agents, and anti-infective drugs. (forsythtech.edu)
- Cardiovascular Drugs / Antilipemic Agents / HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (i.e. (tevausa.com)
Medication1
- This medication takes for external and local use 2 times / day, doses are determined individually. (sdrugs.com)
Therapeutic agents2
- This course will discuss special considerations for therapeutic agents administered throughout the lifespan. (seminolestate.edu)
- The administration of therapeutic agents drop by drop, as eye drops, ear drops, or nose drops. (lookformedical.com)
Plaque1
- Can Chemical Mouthwash Agents Achieve Plaque/Gingivitis Control? (nih.gov)
Blood1
- Burdock root is also considered a blood cleaners and detoxifying agent. (allaboutemu.com)
Categories1
- This course provides a continuation of the study of the properties, effects, and therapeutic value of the primary agents in the major drug categories. (forsythtech.edu)
Properties3
- contains broad-spectrum anti-microbial and anti-fungal activities, with perfect penetrating properties and low incidence of skin irritation. (allaboutemu.com)
- It has strong anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties. (allaboutemu.com)
- Our core technology harnesses the beneficial properties of these natural infection-fighting agents and has created a totally novel class of potent, synthetic peptides and aminothiols as interventions or prevention in a range of fungal, bacterial and polymicrobial infections. (lifesciencesscotland.com)
Irritation2
- a cooling agent used to help alleviate itching and irritation in many skin care products. (allaboutemu.com)
- Local reactions: irritation. (sdrugs.com)
Diseases1
- It is provided as an additional code where it is desired to identify the bacterial agent in diseases classified elsewhere. (cdc.gov)
Health1
- In 2019, the Executive Guideline Steering Group (GSG) for the World Health Organization (WHO) maternal and perinatal health recommendations prioritized updating the then current WHO recommendations on antiplatelet agents for the prevention of pre-eclampsia. (bvsalud.org)
Widely1
- Talc is an effective and widely used agent for chemical pleurodesis. (nih.gov)
Treat1
- Pentamidine is an anti-infective agent that helps to treat or prevent pneumonia caused by the organism Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii). (medlineplus.gov)
Services1
- These services are aimed at the biopharmaceutical industry and will initially cover the preclinical validation of the safety of Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs), followed by studies on microbiota as a biomarker of, or natural adjuvant to, anti-infective agents. (pharmiweb.com)
Equally1
- Iodopovidone and cosmetic talc are equally efficacious and safe agents for chemical pleurodesis. (nih.gov)
Resistant1
- The choice of agent and dosing may vary based on local resistance rates (high rates of intermediate or resistant pneumococcus may require higher dosing of ampicillin to surmount the altered penicillin-binding protein that is the cause of resistant pneumococcus). (medscape.com)
Effects1
- In addition, mouse studies of genital herpes are an excellent surrogate small animal model for evaluating the anti-viral and local immunological effects of candidate agents. (elsevierpure.com)
Activity3
- The applicant has found that SAMMA has excellent anti-HIV and anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) activity, while exhibiting no cytotoxicity in tissue culture. (elsevierpure.com)
- Also, recent studies from our laboratories clearly demonstrate parallels in the pathways of invasion of HSV and HIV and in the anti-viral activity of candidate agents. (elsevierpure.com)
- These agents depress all levels of the central nervous system (eg, the limbic and reticular formations), possibly by increasing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). (medscape.com)
Acts1
- An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent. (drugbank.com)
High1
- High-dose amoxicillin is the agent of choice for children with uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia. (medscape.com)