These compounds stimulate anabolism and inhibit catabolism. They stimulate the development of muscle mass, strength, and power.
A non-steroidal estrogen analog.
A synthetic estrogen that has been used as a hormonal antineoplastic agent.
An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice.
A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.
A polypeptide that consists of the 1-34 amino-acid fragment of human PARATHYROID HORMONE, the biologically active N-terminal region. The acetate form is given by intravenous infusion in the differential diagnosis of HYPOPARATHYROIDISM and PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.
Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.
A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.
The continuous turnover of BONE MATRIX and mineral that involves first an increase in BONE RESORPTION (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive BONE FORMATION (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium HOMEOSTASIS. An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two contrasting events, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as OSTEOPOROSIS.
Agents that inhibit BONE RESORPTION and/or favor BONE MINERALIZATION and BONE REGENERATION. They are used to heal BONE FRACTURES and to treat METABOLIC BONE DISEASES such as OSTEOPOROSIS.
A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.
A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)
The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.
The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.

Alterations in diaphragm contractility after nandrolone administration: an analysis of potential mechanisms. (1/470)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential mechanisms underlying the improved contractility of the diaphragm (Dia) in adult intact male hamsters after nandrolone (Nan) administration, given subcutaneously over 4 wk via a controlled-release capsule (initial dose: 4.5 mg. kg-1. day-1; with weight gain, final dose: 2.7 mg. kg-1. day-1). Control (Ctl) animals received blank capsules. Isometric contractile properties of the Dia were determined in vitro after 4 wk. The maximum velocity of unloaded shortening (Vo) was determined in vitro by means of the slack test. Dia fibers were classified histochemically on the basis of myofibrillar ATPase staining and fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), and the relative interstitial space was quantitated. Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase activity was determined by quantitative histochemistry in individual diaphragm fibers. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms were identified electrophoretically, and their proportions were determined by using scanning densitometry. Peak twitch and tetanic forces, as well as Vo, were significantly greater in Nan animals compared with Ctl. The proportion of type IIa Dia fibers was significantly increased in Nan animals. Nan increased the CSA of all fiber types (26-47%), whereas the relative interstitial space decreased. The relative contribution of fiber types to total costal Dia area was preserved between the groups. Proportions of MHC isoforms were similar between the groups. There was a tendency for increased expression of MHC2B with Nan. Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase activity was increased 35-39% in all fiber types in Nan animals. We conclude that, after Nan administration, the increase in Dia specific force results from the relatively greater Dia CSA occupied by hypertrophied muscle fibers, whereas the increased ATPase activity promotes a higher rate of cross-bridge turnover and thus increased Vo. We speculate that Nan in supraphysiological doses have the potential to offset or ameliorate conditions associated with enhanced proteolysis and disordered protein turnover.  (+info)

Effects of implants on daily gains of steers wintered on dormant native tallgrass prairie, subsequent performance, and carcass characteristics. (2/470)

Fall-weaned crossbred steer calves (n = 300; 184 +/- 2.9 kg) received either no implant (Control) or were implanted with Synovex-C (SC = 10 mg estradiol benzoate + 100 mg progesterone), Synovex-S (SS = 20 mg estradiol benzoate + 200 mg progesterone), or Revalor-G (RG = 8 mg estradiol-17beta + 40 mg trenbolone acetate) to determine the effects of implants on weight gain during winter grazing on dormant tallgrass prairie, subsequent grazing and finishing performance, and carcass characteristics. Steers grazed two dormant tallgrass prairie pastures from October 16, 1996, until March 29, 1997 (164 d), and received 1.36 kg/d of a 25% CP supplement that supplied 100 mg of monensin/steer. Following winter grazing, all steers were implanted with Ralgro (36 mg zeranol) and grazed a common tallgrass prairie pasture until July 17 (110 d). After summer grazing, all steers were implanted with Revalor-S (24 mg estradiol-17beta + 120 mg trenbolone acetate), and winter implant treatment groups were equally allotted to four feedlot pens. Steers were harvested November 17, 1997, after a 123-d finishing period. Daily gains during the winter grazing phase averaged .28, .32, .32, or .35 kg/d, respectively, for Control, SC, SS, or RG steers and were greater (P < .01) for implanted steers than for Controls. Summer daily gains were similar (1.05 +/- .016 kg/d; P > or = .61) for all treatment groups. Feedlot daily gains were also similar (1.67 +/- .034 kg/d; P > or = .21), with implanted steers weighing 14 kg more than Control steers (P = .05) at harvest, despite similar management during summer grazing and feedlot phases. Control steers tended (P = .06) to have lower yield grades. There were no differences (P = .99) in marbling between implanted and nonimplanted steers. Steers implanted during the wintering phase had increased skeletal and overall (P < .01) carcass maturities compared with nonimplanted steers, which resulted in more "B" and "C" maturity carcasses. Because carcass maturity score affects quality grade, the increased maturities of implanted steers resulted in a $9.04 decrease in carcass value/100 kg (P < .01) compared with Controls. The results of this study indicate that growth-promoting implants are efficacious for cattle wintered on dormant native range despite low daily gains. This increased weight is maintained through the summer grazing and feedlot phases; however, the benefit of the increased weight may be offset by decreased carcass quality grade and value due to increased carcass maturity.  (+info)

Increased dopaminergic and 5-hydroxytryptaminergic activities in male rat brain following long-term treatment with anabolic androgenic steroids. (3/470)

1. The effects of treating groups of rats with four different anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) (testosterone, nandrolone, methandrostenolone, and oxymetholone) on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) neurones in different brain regions were examined. The AAS was injected six times with 1 week's interval and the rats were sacrificed 2 days after the final injection. 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), DA and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were measured. The effect on DA and 5-HT synthesis rate was analysed as the accumulation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-alanine (DOPA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), respectively, after inhibition of the amino acid decarboxylase with NSD-1015 (3-hydroxy-benzylhydrazine dihydrochloride). Additionally, the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was analysed in the hypothalamus. 2. The DOPAC + HVA/DA ratio was increased in the striatum in all treatment groups. However, the synthesis rate of DA was significantly increased only in the methandrostenolone treated group. 3. The 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio was increased in all treatment groups in the hippocampus, in the frontal cortex in the methandrostenolone-treated animals and in the hypothalamus in the testosterone- and oxymetholone-treated rats, while the 5-HT synthesis rate was not affected by the AAS-treatments. 4. The MAO-A activity was increased in the oxymetholone-treated rats while the other treatment groups were unaffected. The MAO-B activity was not changed. 5. The results indicate that relatively high doses of AAS increase dopaminergic and 5-hydroxytryptaminergic metabolism in male rat brain, probably due to enhanced turnover in these monaminergic systems.  (+info)

Reversal of weightlessness-induced musculoskeletal losses with androgens: quantification by MRI. (4/470)

Microgravity causes rapid decrement in musculoskeletal mass is associated with a marked decrease in circulatory testosterone levels, as we reported in hindlimb-suspended (HLS) rats. In this model which simulates microgravity, we hypothesized that testosterone supplementation should prevent these losses, and we tested this in two studies. Muscle volumes and bone masses were quantitated by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on day 12. In the first study, 12-wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats that were HLS for 12 days lost 28.5% of muscle volume (53.3 +/- 4.8 vs. 74.5 +/- 3.6 cm3 in the ground control rats; P < 0.001) and had a 5% decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05). In the second study, 30 male 12-wk-old Wistar rats were HLS and were administered either a vehicle (control), testosterone, or nandrolone decanoate (ND). An additional 20 rats were used as ground controls, one-half of which received testosterone. HLS rats had a significant reduction in muscle volume (42.9 +/- 3.0 vs. 56 +/- 1.8 cm3 in ground control rats; P < 0.01). Both testosterone and ND treatments prevented this muscle loss (51.5 +/- 2 and 51.6 +/- 1.2 cm3, respectively; a 63% improvement; P < 0. 05). There were no statistical differences between the two active treatment groups nor with the ground controls. Similarly, there was an 85% improvement in BMD in the testosterone group (1.15 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.04 +/- 0.04 density units in vehicle controls; P < 0.05) and a 76% improvement in the ND group (1.13 +/- 0.07 density units), whereas ground control rats had a BMD of 1.17 +/- 0.03 density units. Because serum testosterone levels are markedly reduced in this model of simulated microgravity, androgen replacement seems to be a rational countermeasure to prevent microgravity-induced musculoskeletal losses.  (+info)

Effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use or gonadal testosterone suppression on serum leptin concentration in men. (5/470)

OBJECTIVE: Serum leptin concentration shows a sexual dimorphism that is not accounted for by gender differences in adiposity. A strong inverse association exists between serum leptin and testosterone concentrations in men, pointing to a likely influence of gonadal sex steroids on serum leptin concentration. The aim of this study was to investigate whether manipulation of sex steroid hormones in men would alter serum leptin concentration independently of changes in fat mass. DESIGN AND METHODS: The effects of sex steroid suppression on serum leptin concentration were investigated in nine healthy men in whom testosterone had been reversibly suppressed for 5 weeks after treatment with intramuscular triptorelin. The effects of sex steroid supplementation were investigated in nine male bodybuilders who self-administered anabolic--androgenic steroids (AAS) for a mean period of 6.5 weeks. A control group received no hormonal treatment. RESULTS: Testosterone concentration was significantly reduced by triptorelin administration (7.32+/- 1.92ng/ml at baseline compared with 1.15+/-0.57ng/ml at 5 weeks, P=0.002). High-dose AAS use was confirmed by urine analysis. Body fat percentage was unaffected by the AAS or triptorelin intervention (P>0.19). Leptin concentration was significantly reduced after one cycle of AAS use (2.40+/-0. 98ng/ml off cycle compared with 1.63+/-0.37ng/ml on cycle, P=0.012), and was significantly increased by triptorelin administration (2. 96+/-1.50ng/ml at baseline compared with 6.63+/-4.67ng/ml at five weeks, P=0.004). No significant change occurred in the control group. CONCLUSION: Androgenic sex hormone supplementation decreases serum leptin concentration, whereas suppression increases serum leptin concentration, independently of changes in body fat mass in healthy men. The sexual dimorphism evident in serum leptin concentration is likely to be due to a suppressive effect of testosterone on serum leptin concentration in males.  (+info)

Effects of anabolic steroids on diaphragm impairment induced by methylprednisolone in emphysematous hamsters. (6/470)

This study was designed to investigate whether the administration of the anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate is able to antagonize the loss in diaphragm function induced by long-term administration of a low-dose of methylprednisolone in emphysematous hamsters. Normal and emphysematous male hamsters were randomized to receive either saline or methylprednisolone 0.2 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) for 9 months, with or without nandrolone decanoate 1 mg x kg(-1) x week(-1) i.m. during the final 3 months. Diaphragm contractile properties and myosin heavy chain composition were determined. Compared to control hamsters, the force generating capacity of isolated diaphragm strips decreased by approximately 12% in the emphysema group and by approximately 22% in the emphysema plus methylprednisolone group. Addition of nandrolone decanoate to the emphysema plus methylprednisolone hamsters significantly improved force generation. The atrophy of type IIa and IIx diaphragm fibres in the emphysema plus methylprednisolone group was completely reversed to the level of control hamsters by the addition of nandrolone decanoate. In conclusion, nandrolone decanoate in part reversed the loss in diaphragm force-generating capacity in emphysematous hamsters treated with methylprednisolone, and reversed type IIa and IIx fibre atrophy completely.  (+info)

Effects of anabolic steroid (19-nortestosterone) on the secretion of testicular hormones in the stallion. (7/470)

The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of anabolic steroids on the testicular endocrine function of mature stallions. Mature thoroughbred stallions were treated with 800 mg nandrolone decanoate every 3 weeks for 3 months. After the first treatment, plasma concentrations of LH, immunoreactive inhibin and testosterone decreased rapidly to the nadir. These hormones were maintained at significantly lower concentrations compared with concentrations in intact stallions. Histology of the testicular tissue indicated the arrest of advanced spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules and a severe depletion of the number of Leydig cells in the interstitial compartment as a result of treatment. Most of the immunopositive cells for the inhibin alpha-subunit and steroidogenesis enzymes in the interstitial compartment decreased below detectable amounts, whereas immunopositive reactions of inhibin alpha-subunit in the seminiferous tubules were clearly observed. In conclusion, the treatment of mature stallions with nandrolone decanoate caused a decrease in the secretion of ir-inhibin and testosterone from the testis, the depletion of the number of Leydig cells and a decrease below detectable amounts of inhibin alpha-subunit and steroidogenesis enzymes. The concentration of ir-inhibin in the peripheral blood may be a useful marker for the examination of testicular activity in stallions being treated with anabolic steroids.  (+info)

Over-the-counter anabolic steroids 4-androsten-3,17-dione; 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol; and 19-nor-4-androsten-3,17-dione: excretion studies in men. (8/470)

Since the appearance of 4-androsten-3,17-dione (I) as a nutritional supplement in early 1997, we have frequently observed a characteristic deterioration of endogenous steroid profiles in athletes' urine in routine anabolic steroid testing in which concentrations of major endogenous urinary steroids and testosterone exceed normal. Human excretion studies are performed with I and newer, over-the-counter "supplements" 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol (II) and 19-nor-4-androsten-3,17-dione (III). Endogenous urinary steroids affected by I and II are androsterone, etiocholanolone, their hydroxylated derivatives 5alpha- and 5beta-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diols, testosterone, and epitestosterone. Their concentrations briefly increase by one to two orders of magnitude and return to normal 24 h after oral administration of I and II. The average male may test positive for testosterone because testosterone concentration rises faster than that of epitestosterone, causing the testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio to rise above the positive cutoff of 6:1. A remarkable distinction in excretion patterns was observed in eastern Asian men, for whom I and II did not affect urinary concentrations of testosterone and did not increase the T/E ratio. First-pass metabolism deactivates most of the orally administered drugs I and II, rapidly converting them into inactive androsterone and etiocholanolone. Drug II is a more effective testosterone booster because of its different metabolic pathway. After the use of III, a precursor of the potent anabolic nandrolone, high concentrations of norandrosterone and noretiocholanolone appear in urine, similar to nandrolone. These are detectable in urine for 7-10 days after a single oral dose of III (50 mg).  (+info)

Anabolic agents are a class of drugs that promote anabolism, the building up of body tissues. These agents are often used medically to help people with certain medical conditions such as muscle wasting diseases, osteoporosis, and delayed puberty. Anabolic steroids are one type of anabolic agent. They mimic the effects of testosterone, the male sex hormone, leading to increased muscle mass and strength. However, anabolic steroids also have significant side effects and can be addictive. Therefore, their use is regulated and they are only available by prescription in many countries. Abuse of anabolic steroids for non-medical purposes, such as to improve athletic performance or appearance, is illegal and can lead to serious health consequences.

Zeranol is not a medical term per se, but it is a chemical compound used in veterinary medicine and agriculture. Zeranol is a non-steroidal estrogenic growth promoter, which means it is used to promote growth in animals, particularly cattle. It belongs to the class of compounds known as zearalenones, which are mycotoxins produced by certain types of fungi.

Zeranol works by binding to estrogen receptors in the animal's body, mimicking the effects of natural estrogens and promoting growth. It is important to note that zeranol is not approved for use in humans, and its potential health effects on humans are not well understood. However, residues of zeranol have been found in meat products derived from cattle treated with the compound, leading to concerns about its potential impact on human health.

Hexestrol is a synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen that was previously used in various medical treatments, including hormone replacement therapy and the treatment of certain types of cancer. It is no longer commonly used in clinical medicine due to its associated side effects and the availability of safer and more effective alternatives. Hexestrol is classified as a carcinogen and may increase the risk of certain cancers, particularly endometrial and breast cancer. It is important to note that the use of hexestrol and other synthetic estrogens should be under the supervision of a healthcare professional, and it is not recommended for self-medication.

Trenbolone Acetate is an esterified form of the synthetic steroid hormone Trenbolone. It is a potent anabolic and androgenic steroid, which is used in veterinary medicine for promoting muscle growth and appetite stimulation in cattle. In human medicine, it is not approved for use but is sometimes misused for its anabolic effects, such as increasing muscle mass, strength, and reducing body fat. It is important to note that the use of Trenbolone Acetate in humans is considered off-label and can lead to serious health consequences, including liver toxicity, cardiovascular issues, and hormonal imbalances.

Oxandrolone is an anabolic steroid medication, which is a synthetic version of the hormone testosterone. Medically, it's used to help people gain weight after certain illnesses or injuries, and to treat conditions like HIV-related wasting, major burns, and some types of osteoporosis. It works by promoting muscle growth and increasing appetite.

It's important to note that oxandrolone is a controlled substance and its use should be under the supervision of a healthcare professional due to the potential for serious side effects and abuse.

Teriparatide is a synthetic form of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is a natural hormone produced by the parathyroid glands in the body. The medication contains the active fragment of PTH, known as 1-34 PTH, and it is used in medical treatment to stimulate new bone formation and increase bone density.

Teriparatide is primarily prescribed for the management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men with a high risk of fractures who have not responded well to other osteoporosis therapies, such as bisphosphonates. It is administered via subcutaneous injection, typically once daily.

By increasing bone formation and reducing bone resorption, teriparatide helps improve bone strength and structure, ultimately decreasing the risk of fractures in treated individuals. The medication's effects on bone metabolism can lead to improvements in bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitecture, making it an essential tool for managing severe osteoporosis and reducing fracture risk.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, and disruption of bone architecture, leading to increased risk of fractures, particularly in the spine, wrist, and hip. It mainly affects older people, especially postmenopausal women, due to hormonal changes that reduce bone density. Osteoporosis can also be caused by certain medications, medical conditions, or lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol abuse, and a lack of calcium and vitamin D in the diet. The diagnosis is often made using bone mineral density testing, and treatment may include medication to slow bone loss, promote bone formation, and prevent fractures.

Osteoblasts are specialized bone-forming cells that are derived from mesenchymal stem cells. They play a crucial role in the process of bone formation and remodeling. Osteoblasts synthesize, secrete, and mineralize the organic matrix of bones, which is mainly composed of type I collagen.

These cells have receptors for various hormones and growth factors that regulate their activity, such as parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and transforming growth factor-beta. When osteoblasts are not actively producing bone matrix, they can become trapped within the matrix they produce, where they differentiate into osteocytes, which are mature bone cells that play a role in maintaining bone structure and responding to mechanical stress.

Abnormalities in osteoblast function can lead to various bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and Paget's disease of bone.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a polypeptide hormone that plays a crucial role in the regulation of calcium and phosphate levels in the body. It is produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands, which are four small endocrine glands located on the back surface of the thyroid gland.

The primary function of PTH is to maintain normal calcium levels in the blood by increasing calcium absorption from the gut, mobilizing calcium from bones, and decreasing calcium excretion by the kidneys. PTH also increases phosphate excretion by the kidneys, which helps to lower serum phosphate levels.

In addition to its role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, PTH has been shown to have anabolic effects on bone tissue, stimulating bone formation and preventing bone loss. However, chronic elevations in PTH levels can lead to excessive bone resorption and osteoporosis.

Overall, Parathyroid Hormone is a critical hormone that helps maintain mineral homeostasis and supports healthy bone metabolism.

Bone remodeling is the normal and continuous process by which bone tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called resorption) and new bone tissue is formed (a process called formation). This ongoing cycle allows bones to repair microdamage, adjust their size and shape in response to mechanical stress, and maintain mineral homeostasis. The cells responsible for bone resorption are osteoclasts, while the cells responsible for bone formation are osteoblasts. These two cell types work together to maintain the structural integrity and health of bones throughout an individual's life.

During bone remodeling, the process can be divided into several stages:

1. Activation: The initiation of bone remodeling is triggered by various factors such as microdamage, hormonal changes, or mechanical stress. This leads to the recruitment and activation of osteoclast precursor cells.
2. Resorption: Osteoclasts attach to the bone surface and create a sealed compartment called a resorption lacuna. They then secrete acid and enzymes that dissolve and digest the mineralized matrix, creating pits or cavities on the bone surface. This process helps remove old or damaged bone tissue and releases calcium and phosphate ions into the bloodstream.
3. Reversal: After resorption is complete, the osteoclasts undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death), and mononuclear cells called reversal cells appear on the resorbed surface. These cells prepare the bone surface for the next stage by cleaning up debris and releasing signals that attract osteoblast precursors.
4. Formation: Osteoblasts, derived from mesenchymal stem cells, migrate to the resorbed surface and begin producing a new organic matrix called osteoid. As the osteoid mineralizes, it forms a hard, calcified structure that gradually replaces the resorbed bone tissue. The osteoblasts may become embedded within this newly formed bone as they differentiate into osteocytes, which are mature bone cells responsible for maintaining bone homeostasis and responding to mechanical stress.
5. Mineralization: Over time, the newly formed bone continues to mineralize, becoming stronger and more dense. This process helps maintain the structural integrity of the skeleton and ensures adequate calcium storage.

Throughout this continuous cycle of bone remodeling, hormones, growth factors, and mechanical stress play crucial roles in regulating the balance between resorption and formation. Disruptions to this delicate equilibrium can lead to various bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, where excessive resorption results in weakened bones and increased fracture risk.

Bone density conservation agents, also known as anti-resorptive agents or bone-sparing drugs, are a class of medications that help to prevent the loss of bone mass and reduce the risk of fractures. They work by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for breaking down and reabsorbing bone tissue during the natural remodeling process.

Examples of bone density conservation agents include:

1. Bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, zoledronic acid) - These are the most commonly prescribed class of bone density conservation agents. They bind to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone tissue and inhibit osteoclast activity, thereby reducing bone resorption.
2. Denosumab (Prolia) - This is a monoclonal antibody that targets RANKL (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand), a key signaling molecule involved in osteoclast differentiation and activation. By inhibiting RANKL, denosumab reduces osteoclast activity and bone resorption.
3. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) (e.g., raloxifene) - These medications act as estrogen agonists or antagonists in different tissues. In bone tissue, SERMs mimic the bone-preserving effects of estrogen by inhibiting osteoclast activity and reducing bone resorption.
4. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) - Estrogen hormone replacement therapy has been shown to preserve bone density in postmenopausal women; however, its use is limited due to increased risks of breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, and thromboembolic events.
5. Calcitonin - This hormone, secreted by the thyroid gland, inhibits osteoclast activity and reduces bone resorption. However, it has largely been replaced by other more effective bone density conservation agents.

These medications are often prescribed for individuals at high risk of fractures due to conditions such as osteoporosis or metabolic disorders that affect bone health. It is essential to follow the recommended dosage and administration guidelines to maximize their benefits while minimizing potential side effects. Regular monitoring of bone density, blood calcium levels, and other relevant parameters is also necessary during treatment with these medications.

"Bone" is the hard, dense connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrate animals. It provides support and protection for the body's internal organs, and serves as a attachment site for muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Bone is composed of cells called osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone formation and resorption, respectively, and an extracellular matrix made up of collagen fibers and mineral crystals.

Bones can be classified into two main types: compact bone and spongy bone. Compact bone is dense and hard, and makes up the outer layer of all bones and the shafts of long bones. Spongy bone is less dense and contains large spaces, and makes up the ends of long bones and the interior of flat and irregular bones.

The human body has 206 bones in total. They can be further classified into five categories based on their shape: long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic form of the hormone estrogen that was prescribed to pregnant women from the 1940s until the early 1970s to prevent miscarriage, premature labor, and other complications of pregnancy. However, it was later discovered that DES could cause serious health problems in both the mothers who took it and their offspring.

DES is a non-selective estrogen agonist, meaning that it binds to and activates both estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) in the body. It has a higher binding affinity for ERα than for ERβ, which can lead to disruptions in normal hormonal signaling pathways.

In addition to its use as a pregnancy aid, DES has also been used in the treatment of prostate cancer, breast cancer, and other conditions associated with hormonal imbalances. However, due to its potential health risks, including an increased risk of certain cancers, DES is no longer widely used in clinical practice.

Some of the known health effects of DES exposure include:

* In women who were exposed to DES in utero (i.e., their mothers took DES during pregnancy):
+ A rare form of vaginal or cervical cancer called clear cell adenocarcinoma
+ Abnormalities of the reproductive system, such as structural changes in the cervix and vagina, and an increased risk of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and preterm delivery
+ An increased risk of breast cancer later in life
* In men who were exposed to DES in utero:
+ Undescended testicles
+ Abnormalities of the penis and scrotum
+ A higher risk of testicular cancer
* In both men and women who were exposed to DES in utero or who took DES themselves:
+ An increased risk of certain types of breast cancer
+ A possible increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure and stroke.

It is important for individuals who have been exposed to DES to inform their healthcare providers of this fact, as it may have implications for their medical care and monitoring.

Osteogenesis is the process of bone formation or development. It involves the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells that synthesize and deposit the organic matrix of bone tissue, composed mainly of type I collagen. This organic matrix later mineralizes to form the inorganic crystalline component of bone, primarily hydroxyapatite.

There are two primary types of osteogenesis: intramembranous and endochondral. Intramembranous osteogenesis occurs directly within connective tissue, where mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts and form bone tissue without an intervening cartilage template. This process is responsible for the formation of flat bones like the skull and clavicles.

Endochondral osteogenesis, on the other hand, involves the initial development of a cartilaginous model or template, which is later replaced by bone tissue. This process forms long bones, such as those in the limbs, and occurs through several stages involving chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy, and calcification, followed by invasion of blood vessels and osteoblasts to replace the cartilage with bone tissue.

Abnormalities in osteogenesis can lead to various skeletal disorders and diseases, such as osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease), achondroplasia (a form of dwarfism), and cleidocranial dysplasia (a disorder affecting skull and collarbone development).

Bone density refers to the amount of bone mineral content (usually measured in grams) in a given volume of bone (usually measured in cubic centimeters). It is often used as an indicator of bone strength and fracture risk. Bone density is typically measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, which provide a T-score that compares the patient's bone density to that of a young adult reference population. A T-score of -1 or above is considered normal, while a T-score between -1 and -2.5 indicates osteopenia (low bone mass), and a T-score below -2.5 indicates osteoporosis (porous bones). Regular exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and medication (if necessary) can help maintain or improve bone density and prevent fractures.

... anabolic agents; diuretics and other masking agents; "street drugs" (the NCAA gives as examples heroin, marijuana, ...
Anabolic Agents , List of Prohibited Substances and Methods". list.wada-ama.org. Archived from the original on May 27, 2016. ... Testosterone is classified as an anabolic agent and is on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) List of Prohibited Substances and ... and this is primarily responsible for the dissociation of anabolic and androgenic effects with these agents. In addition to DHT ... Taylor WN (2002). Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete (2nd ed.). McFarland. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-7864-1128-3. Archived from the ...
Anabolic Agents". Drugs in Sport: Anti-Doping Prohibited List - via Drugs.com. Llewellyn W (2009). Anabolics. Molecular ... The drug was originally thought to be a potent anabolic agent, but subsequent research showed that it actually has relatively ... mestanolone is described as a very poor anabolic agent, similarly to androstanolone and mesterolone. As mestanolone is 5α- ... weak anabolic effects and is mostly an androgen. Mestanolone was used as a doping agent in athletes competing in the Olympics ...
Llewellyn W (2011). Anabolics. Molecular Nutrition Llc. pp. 517-. ISBN 978-0-9828280-1-4. "Anabolic Agents". Drugs.com. Kicman ... The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological ... 377-. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. Morton IK, Hall JM (6 December 2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties ... March 2017). "Hepatotoxicity associated with illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids in doping". European Review for ...
von Deutsch DA, Abukhalaf IK, Lapu-Bula R (2012). "Anabolic Doping Agents". In Mozayani A, Raymon L (eds.). Handbook of Drug ... DHT has been reported to be a very poor anabolic agent when administered exogenously as a medication. In addition to normal ... Llewellyn W (2009). Anabolics. Molecular Nutrition Llc. pp. 19, 163. ISBN 978-0967930473. Chang C (2002). Androgens and ... 12-. ISBN 978-1-4832-6504-9. Taylor WN (2002). Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete (2d ed.). McFarland. pp. 178-. ISBN 978-0-7864 ...
However, androstanolone is nonetheless described as a very poor anabolic agent. This is attributed to its high affinity as a ... von Deutsch DA, Abukhalaf IK, Lapu-Bula R (15 October 2003). "Anabolic Doping Agents". In Mozayani A, Raymon L (eds.). Handbook ... Llewellyn W (2011). Anabolics. Molecular Nutrition Llc. pp. 8, 23-25, 353-359. ISBN 978-0-9828280-1-4. Coutts SB, Kicman AT, ... The medication is a naturally occurring androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), ...
Parr MK, Botrè F, Naß A, Hengevoss J, Diel P, Wolber G (June 2015). "Ecdysteroids: A novel class of anabolic agents?". Biology ... It has been found to increase hypertrophy in rats at a similar level to some anabolic androgenic steroids and SARM S 1. This is ... Phytoecdysteroids also appear in many plants mostly as a protection agents (toxins or antifeedants) against herbivore insects. ...
Julius A. Vida (1969). Androgens and Anabolic Agents: Chemistry and Pharmacology. New York: Academic Press. pp. 23 & 168. Amy ... assays to determine methasterone's anabolic and androgenic activity were published in Vida's Androgens and Anabolic Agents, a ... "potent orally active anabolic agent exhibiting only weak androgenic activity." The results of subsequent ... as anabolic and 20% as androgenic, yielding a Q-ratio (anabolic to androgenic ratio) of 20, which is considered very high. It ...
Poole KE, Reeve J (Dec 2005). "Parathyroid hormone - a bone anabolic and catabolic agent". Current Opinion in Pharmacology. 5 ( ... Martin TJ (Mar 2004). "Does bone reabsorption inhibition affect the anabolic response to parathyroid hormone?". Trends in ...
Poole KE, Reeve J (December 2005). "Parathyroid hormone - a bone anabolic and catabolic agent". Current Opinion in Pharmacology ...
She tested positive for Dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (S1.1 Anabolic agents). In November 2016, she was stripped of her 2012 ...
It is an anabolic (i.e., bone growing) agent. The most common side effects include hypercalciuria (high calcium levels in the ... It works as an anabolic agent for the bone, through selective activation of the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), a G ... The anabolic effects of abaloparatide on bone were demonstrated in two preclinical studies conducted in ovariectomized rats. ... "FDA Approves Radius Health's Tymlos (abaloparatide), a Bone Building Agent for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Women with ...
Metzler M (April 1989). "Metabolism of some anabolic agents: toxicological and analytical aspects". J. Chromatogr. 489 (1): 11- ... Trendione is listed in the United States Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014. List of androgens/anabolic steroids ... A potent anabolic steroid with reduced androgenic and estrogenic activity". Steroids. 75 (6): 377-89. doi:10.1016/j.steroids. ... exhibits tissue selective anabolic activity: effects on muscle, bone, adiposity, hemoglobin, and prostate". Am. J. Physiol. ...
NADPH is used as a reducing agent in many anabolic reactions. Proton translocating NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase is one of the main ...
Potential causative agents include oral contraceptive pills, spironolactone, and anabolic steroids. High levels of prolactin in ... anabolic steroids, alcohol, opioids, efavirenz, alkylating agents, and omeprazole. Certain components of personal skin care ... Androgens/anabolic steroids may be effective for gynecomastia. Testosterone itself may not be suitable to treat gynecomastia as ... The use of anabolic steroids and exposure to chemicals that mimic estrogen in cosmetic products, organochlorine pesticides, and ...
For diuretic or masking agent-two regular and/or postseason games. For stimulants or anabolic agent-four regular and/or ... The father of anabolic steroids in the United States was John Ziegler (1917-1983), a physician for the U.S. weightlifting team ... At the conclusion of the survey, researchers found that out of 2552 ex-NFL players, 9.1% self reported using anabolic steroids ... For a prohibited substance plus a diuretic or masking agent/attempt to substitute, dilute or adulterate a specimen/attempt to ...
Anabolic agents: include the use of anabolic steroids that increase testosterone levels in players. The drug is prohibited as ... A full list of itemised anabolic agents is listed on the ITF website. Peptide hormones: include the use of drugs with amino ... Due to the change on hormones, the use of these agents can also effect athletes metabolism. Diuretics and masking agents: ... These substances can also dilute certain doping agents in the urine, and so are used by athletes to pass drug tests. In ...
On February 11, 2020, news surfaced that Prazeres tested positive for anabolic agents in two out-of-competition samples on ... "Michel Prazeres accepts two-year USADA sanction after testing positive for anabolic agent". mmafighting.com. Staff (2021-04-02 ...
The IOC said both samples indicated the presence of the anabolic agent metenolone. New Zealand's Valerie Adams was subsequently ...
July 2019). "Ecdysteroids as non-conventional anabolic agent: performance enhancement by ecdysterone supplementation in humans ... July 2019). "Ecdysteroids as non-conventional anabolic agent: performance enhancement by ecdysterone supplementation in humans ... The study was funded by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and demonstrated a significant dose-responsive anabolic effect of ... However, a number of earlier studies supported the anabolic effects of 20-Hydroxyecdysone. A more recent study conducted in ...
The World Anti-Doping Agency lists 7-keto-DHEA as a prohibited anabolic agent. The FDA has proposed that it be banned from use ... 7-Keto-DHEA is reported to be an anabolic androgenic steroid that may be subject to abuse in sport. "The World Anti-Doping Code ...
He claims it was in an anti-baldness treatment; however, the drug is banned as it is a masking agent for anabolic steroids. On ...
Anabolic agents, or Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS), are any of a group of synthetic or natural steroid hormones that builds ... Anabolic agents are abused by athletes in training to increase the size and strength of their muscles. However, the muscle ... Side effects with anabolic agents are very serious and are not to be ignored. Side effects include: acne, nervous tension, ... Examples of anabolic agents are boldenone, clenbuterol, dehydrocholormethyl-testosterone (DHEA), nandrolone, stanozolol, ...
Anabolic agents may have some efficacy but are not often used due to side effects. There are multiple treatments and ...
The compound is listed as a banned anabolic agent by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Chlorodehydromethylandrostenediol ... orally active anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and designer steroid that has been sold on the Internet as a "dietary ... Androgens and anabolic steroids, Androstanes, Designer drugs, Organochlorides). ...
The World Anti-Doping Agency lists it as S1 Anabolic agent substance "prohibited at all times". In general, androgens such as ... List of androgens/anabolic steroids List of human hormones Haynes WM, ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ... The Annual NY Academy of Sciences has also found anabolic steroid use (which increases testosterone) to be higher in teenagers ... Rats who were given anabolic steroids that increase testosterone were also more physically aggressive to provocation as a ...
The substance was probenecid, a medicine for the kidney and also a masking agent for anabolic steroids. In 1988, every sport ... Delgado tested positive for the known masking agent Probenecid during the 1988 tour. The drug, which had been placed on the ...
Zhou tested positive to clenbuterol, a Class 1 Anabolic Agent on the WADA Prohibited List of substances. On 27 October 2011, ...
The most everyday use of prohormones is as supplements for muscle growth via ergogenic and anabolic agents. Prohormone ... used as ergogenic or anabolic agents for muscle growth. A commonly consumed example of said precursors are androstenedione and ... Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004. Many prohormone supplements that were claimed to impart anabolic or ergogenic effects in ... Pitts, Joseph R. (2014-12-18). "Text - H.R.4771 - 113th Congress (2013-2014): Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014". ...
... clenbuterol and other β2 adrenergic agents remain banned not as a beta-agonist, but rather an anabolic agent. These effects are ... Consequently, such agents are monitored for and generally banned by WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) with limited permissible ... The comprehensive anabolic, lipolytic, and ergogenic effects of long-acting β2 agonists such as clenbuterol render them ... Choo JJ, Horan MA, Little RA, Rothwell NJ (July 1992). "Anabolic effects of clenbuterol on skeletal muscle are mediated by beta ...
Anabolic Agents[majr:noexp] AND humans[mh] AND english[la] AND last 1 Year [edat] NOT (letter[pt] OR case reports[pt] OR ... Anabolic Agents[majr:noexp] AND humans[mh] AND english[la] AND last 1 Year [edat] NOT (letter[pt] OR case reports[pt] OR ... Anabolic-androgenic steroids: How do they work and what are the risks? Bond P, Smit DL, de Ronde W. Bond P, et al. Front ... Anabolic androgenic steroid-induced liver injury: An update. Petrovic A, Vukadin S, Sikora R, Bojanic K, Smolic R, Plavec D, Wu ...
Antihypertensive agents. Class Summary. These products are used to control hypertension and to ultimately prevent complications ... These agents are the primary treatment for short stature. They stimulate growth of linear bone, skeletal muscle, and organs. ... Anabolic steroids. Class Summary. This is an adjuvant for growth hormone therapy. ...
Antihypertensive agents. Class Summary. These products are used to control hypertension and to ultimately prevent complications ... These agents are the primary treatment for short stature. They stimulate growth of linear bone, skeletal muscle, and organs. ... Anabolic steroids. Class Summary. This is an adjuvant for growth hormone therapy. ...
1976)‎. Anabolic agents in animal production : FAO/WHO Symposium, Rome, March 1975 / guest editors, Frank C. Lu and Jan Rendel ... Anabolic agents in animal production : FAO/WHO Symposium, Rome, March 1975 / guest editors, Frank C. Lu and Jan Rendel ; ...
Effects of a synthetic anabolic agent on hepatic function ... Effects of a synthetic anabolic agent on hepatic function H E ... Effects of a synthetic anabolic agent on hepatic function H E Ticktin et al. Am J Med Sci. 1966 Jun. ... Liver toxicity of a new anabolic agent: methyltrienolone (17-alpha-methyl-4,9,11-estratriene-17 beta-ol-3-one). Krüskemper HL, ... Anabolic steroids and sports]. Imhof P. Imhof P. Schweiz Z Sportmed. 1970;18(2):79-85. Schweiz Z Sportmed. 1970. PMID: 5512298 ...
Anabolic agents in animal production : FAO/WHO Symposium, Rome, March 1975 / guest editors, Frank C. Lu and Jan Rendel ; ... Browsing Publications by Author "FAO/WHO Symposium on Anabolic Agents in Animal Production (‎1975 : Rome, Italy)‎". 0-9. A. B. ... FAO/WHO Symposium on Anabolic Agents in Animal Production (‎1975 : Rome, Italy)‎ (‎Stuttgart : Thieme, 1976)‎ ...
With the aim to characterize patterns in toxicological profile and manner of death in deceased users of anabolic androgenic ... Toxicological findings and manner of death in autopsied users of anabolic androgenic steroids Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 Feb 28; ... With the aim to characterize patterns in toxicological profile and manner of death in deceased users of anabolic androgenic ... Anabolic Agents* * Androgens* * Autopsy* * Body Mass Index * Female * Homicide / statistics & numerical data ...
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Ecdysterone+ is a natural plant based anabolic enhancer. In the 80s researchers dubbed ecdysterone as the ... Ecdysterone+ is a natural plant based anabolic enhancer. In the 80s researchers dubbed ecdysterone as the ... Ecdysterone+ is a natural plant based anabolic enhancer. In the 80s researchers dubbed ecdysterone as the "Russian secret" ...
... and agents with estrogen-like activity in bone; androgens and androgen-like agents which express positive, anabolic effects on ... The workshop identified several key issues essential to the development of agents with potential anabolic effects on bone, ... To date therapeutic agents have been restricted to compounds which alter mineral content and/or molecular structure of bone (e. ... This PA, Anabolic Hormones in Bone: Basic Research and Therapeutic Potential, is related to the priority area of chronic ...
Anabolic agents. There are a number of drugs that are used in an attempt to increase lean muscle mass. Of these, the most well ... Other growth factors are commonly used in between courses of anabolic agent use and these include human chorionic gonadotropin ... Second, this review focuses on anabolic agents and stimulants. According to WADAs adverse analytical findings report from 2010 ... In addition to AS there are non-steroid agents that are used in an attempt to generate the same anabolic effects. These include ...
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They noted that anabolic agents influence pathways that may be active and important only for select periods during growth and ... Furthermore, the action of anabolic agents may depend on the local environment and stage of differentiation of the target cell ... Thus, systemic delivery of anabolic agents raises concerns about off-target and possibly adverse effects. So far, this burden ... They reviewed what is known about anabolic processes of bone, cartilage, and muscle, and progress toward developing anabolic ...
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Androgens and anabolic agents. In: Methods in Hormone Research (Dorfman RI, ed). Vol 2A. New York:Academic Press, 151-220. ... Pedersen does not affect androgenic-anabolic parameters in male rats, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.049, ... evaluation and standardization of the peripubertal castrate male rat Hershberger assay for oral exposure of test agents, ...
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Kindlundh AM, Isacson DG, Berglund L, Nyberg F: Factors associated with adolescent use of doping agents: anabolic-androgenic ... Anabolic Androgenic Steroids in the General Population: User Characteristics and Associations with Substance Use Subject Area: ... Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use Patterns and Steroid Use Disorders in a Sample of Male Gym Visitors Eur Addict Res (June,2023) ... Nilsson S: Androgenic anabolic steroid use among male adolescents in Falkenberg. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1995;48:9-11.. [PubMed] ...
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1. Anabolic agents.. Sturmi JE; Diorio DJ. Clin Sports Med; 1998 Apr; 17(2):261-82. PubMed ID: 9580841. [TBL] ... Anabolic steroids in athletics.. Holden SC; Calvo RD; Sterling JC. Tex Med; 1990 Mar; 86(3):32-6. PubMed ID: 2333633. [TBL] ... Anabolic androgenic steroids: a nightmare for control of doping or a drug?].. Stárka L. Cas Lek Cesk; 1996 Mar; 135(5):131-4. ... Detection of anabolic androgenic steroid use by elite athletes and by members of the general public.. Anawalt BD. Mol Cell ...
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  • There are countless articles written on how insulin increases protein synthesis and decreases protein degradation, making it one of the most anabolic hormones in the body. (bodybuilding.com)
  • For serious bodybuilders seeking peak performance, anabolic agents provide the indispensable stepping stone. (worldofroids.to)
  • Anabolic agents are instrumental in boosting bodybuilders' performance, enabling speedy muscle development and enhanced strength and endurance. (worldofroids.to)
  • A potent androgen with anabolic properties, The reason it is so popular among bodybuilders best place to buy Winstrol online and fitness enthusiasts is the fact that it has some truly unique properties. (mainjustice.com)
  • These results are in accordance with anecdotal reports from bodybuilders that inject insulin regularly and claim it to be a very powerful anabolic agent. (bodybuilding.com)
  • [2] In the wake of this major blow to the supplement industry and aspiring bodybuilders (like myself) everywhere, was the exclusion of one molecule from this act that would later become the new king of legal anabolic supplements - Dehydroepiandrosterone aka DHEA . (tigerfitness.com)
  • however, these agents are rapidly effective and potent such that they might be considered in certain scenarios involving patients who have just sustained an osteoporotic fracture. (expertperspectives.com)
  • ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS: Mechanism of Action and Effects on Performance Thomas. (xamuel.com)
  • This treatment had no effects decline in anxiety and many athletes refrain from taking hormonal anabolic steroids because. (mdtmag.com)
  • For athletes anabolic steroids could facilitate the growth point, Near osteoporosis and cause changes testosterone Cypionate. (mamapundit.com)
  • Sex hormone) or a similar compound in the side effects of anabolic steroids, use among athletes is widespread testosterone levels will not be shut down, unlike other steroids, and thus a PCT is not essential. (mamapundit.com)
  • Medscape: Why do adults who are not athletes use anabolic steroids? (medscape.com)
  • These men are not athletes, and they are not using anabolic steroids to gain athletic advantage in sports competitions. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, in order for carbohydrates to be defined as anabolic, there must be conclusive evidence that carbohydrate ingestion increases skeletal muscle protein synthesis. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Anabolic resistance describes the reduced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis to a given dose of protein/amino acids and contributes to declines in skeletal muscle mass. (mcmaster.ca)
  • In sports, especially clenbuterol is used because it shows a high anabolic effect. (fatburners.at)
  • Importantly, turkesterone does not affect endogenous testosterone, making it a safer alternative to anabolic steroids. (zshare.net)
  • Danazol is an antigonadotropic agent which suppresses the pituitary-ovarian axis by inhibiting the pituitary output of FSH and LH, resulting in regression and atrophy of normal and ectopic endometrial tissue. (azurewebsites.net)
  • Due to their tissue-building effect, anabolic agents are used in human medicine, animal husbandry, as well as in sports . (fatburners.at)
  • And fat tissue in the anabolic steroids online bodybuilding will occur after any IM injection no matter what medication is injected. (mdtmag.com)
  • A common thread in bodybuilding thought is that carbohydrates are anabolic because they increase insulin secretion, and insulin is anabolic. (bodybuilding.com)
  • In fact, there are some studies that concluded that insulin is indeed anabolic in mature subjects. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Physical inactivity induces: anabolic resistance (that is likely exacerbated with aging), insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, decreased satellite cell content, and decreased capillary density. (mcmaster.ca)
  • After decontamination, a 100 mg hair strand was pulverized in a ball mill, hydrolyzed, extracted, and derivatized to be tested by GC/MS for anabolic steroids, beta-adrenergic compounds, ephedrine, and other doping agents. (astm.org)
  • These results document the doping practice and demonstrate repetitive exposure to anabolic compounds and confirm the value of hair analysis as a complement to urinalysis in the control of doping practice. (astm.org)
  • Bisphosphonates have a high affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals, and by binding at sites of active bone resorption, these agents can inhibit osteoclastic resorption. (medscape.com)
  • Are Carbohydrates Anabolic? (bodybuilding.com)
  • The main focus of this article will be to determine whether or not carbohydrates can be considered anabolic or not. (bodybuilding.com)
  • The focus of this article, however, is determining whether or not carbohydrates should be considered anabolic. (bodybuilding.com)
  • So, as it stands, we can look at this drug on paper and speculate that it would be a very useful anabolic compound, it's going to remain on paper until some resourceful underground decides to produce Myagen. (steroid.com)
  • The book was very thorough and contained tons of key information about steroids, including the anabolic androgenic ratio (Q) of each compound which indicated how strong each androgen was. (tigerfitness.com)
  • Anabolic Agents are considered in sports as the muscle maker par excellence. (fatburners.at)
  • Understanding anabolic agents requires some familiarity with how your body builds muscle. (worldofroids.to)
  • Essentially, these agents act like a switch, turning on your body's machinery for muscle growth and repair. (worldofroids.to)
  • The pathway to immense muscle growth is opened up by anabolic agents. (worldofroids.to)
  • In essence, anabolic agents are the key that unlocks enhanced muscle growth. (worldofroids.to)
  • Finally, such agents maintain a certain level of anabolism even during periods of physical stress or intense workouts, ensuring muscle growth is uninterrupted. (worldofroids.to)
  • Anafuse is long standing top muscle building natural anabolic supplement that contains multiple effective ingredients with solid feedback year over year. (zshare.net)
  • Anabolic refers to the metabolic process that is characterized by molecular growth, such as the increase of muscle mass. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Anabolic resistance is responsible, in part, for skeletal muscle atrophy with aging, muscle disuse, and during disease states. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Critical illness results in rapid skeletal muscle atrophy that is a result of both anabolic resistance and enhanced skeletal muscle breakdown. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Insofar as atrophic loss of skeletal muscle mass is concerned, anabolic resistance is a principal determinant of age-induced losses and appears to be a contributor to critical illness-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. (mcmaster.ca)
  • The advantages of anabolics are obvious: a person begins buy steroids online reviews to rapidly gain not fat, but muscle mass, quickly recovers after heavy loads, overcomes excessive thinness and dystrophy. (xamuel.com)
  • Creatine, for example with huge gains in muscle size on, you can not use anabolic steroids. (afip.org)
  • This powerful muscle building agent is extremely anabolic and has zero. (bestpricenutrition.com)
  • Receptor expression misuse anabolic steroids to expedite muscle. (smashingbuzz.com)
  • Anabolic steroids typically agents should be combined only 2004, and they hold similar status in many other countries. (zapthink.com)
  • Well, by taking a look at its androgenic/anabolic ratio, you should see why. (steroid.com)
  • Anabolic agents are increasingly recognized as an important part of the treatment armamentarium. (expertperspectives.com)
  • Anabolic steroids are increasingly used in our current culture and present difficulties from many angles. (mainjustice.com)
  • In principle, physiologic response to anabolic use could include measuring any tips how to purchase testosterone anabolic steroids to Trimetabol for sale enhance their performance at work. (zapthink.com)
  • Besides possible medical applications, SARMs are used as performance-enhancing agents in sports. (researchgate.net)
  • Discover the compelling science of anabolic agents enhancing the bodybuilding journey, with detailed insights into the advantages, risks, and strategic usage. (worldofroids.to)
  • Consider agents with manageable side effects that can be easily mitigated with careful usage or lifestyle adjustments. (worldofroids.to)
  • Side Effects Since anabolic treatment for a second workout logbook that feels like a high. (mamapundit.com)
  • This makes anabolic agents a powerful tool in the arsenal of every serious bodybuilder. (worldofroids.to)
  • Anabolic agents have powerful performance-enhancing capabilities and can give an athlete an unfair advantage over fellow competitors. (usada.org)
  • Since then, a substantial amount of scientific data on anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) has emerged and the circumstances of AAS use has evolved in the athletic, recreational, and clinical communities. (lww.com)
  • Despite the pharmacological therapies currently available to counteract this devastating cascade, future studies are warranted to explore new multimodality agents that will counteract these effects while maintaining glycemic control and preventing unfavorable complications. (utmb.edu)
  • However, the bigger, and less well-known, public health problem today is the increasing use of anabolic steroids among nonathletes, and the challenges in identifying and treating this form of drug abuse . (medscape.com)
  • An effective anabolic agent should ideally be fast-acting. (worldofroids.to)
  • This consensus statement is an update of the 1987 American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) position stand on the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). (lww.com)
  • Suspension is capable therapy to suppress manifestations of allergic diseases of limited duration like agents, particularly anabolic steroids, in sports and society. (ncfy.com)
  • To truly unlock your bodybuilding potential, diversifying your anabolic arsenal is vital. (worldofroids.to)
  • Supraphysiologic doses of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are widely used to improve body image and sport performance goals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sportsmen self-administering androgenic-anabolic agents to improve their performance and their body shape continue to be a problem. (xamuel.com)
  • The recreational and indiscriminate use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) may be associated with clinical conditions involving body-image changes, or may simply be responding to the desire of achieving a sculpted body in a short period of time. (bvsalud.org)
  • Are anabolic drugs illegal? (fatburners.at)
  • Where are anabolic drugs used? (fatburners.at)
  • The single most important diagnostic test is to simply ask the patient in a nonconfrontational manner, "Do you use anabolic steroids or any other anabolic drugs? (medscape.com)
  • Clinicians only rarely need to test patients for drugs to find out whether they are using anabolic steroids. (medscape.com)