Thiocholine
Ictaluridae
Insecticides
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Cholinesterases
Toxicity Tests, Acute
Cholinesterase Reactivators
Gills
Sulfoxides
Lethal Dose 50
Acetylcholinesterase
Water Pollution, Chemical
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Bass
Encyclopedias as Topic
Pyrethrins
Pesticides
Environmental Pollutants
A neomorphic syntaxin mutation blocks volatile-anesthetic action in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1/53)
The molecular mechanisms underlying general anesthesia are unknown. For volatile general anesthetics (VAs), indirect evidence for both lipid and protein targets has been found. However, no in vivo data have implicated clearly any particular lipid or protein in the control of sensitivity to clinical concentrations of VAs. Genetics provides one approach toward identifying these mechanisms, but genes strongly regulating sensitivity to clinical concentrations of VAs have not been identified. By screening existing mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we found that a mutation in the neuronal syntaxin gene dominantly conferred resistance to the VAs isoflurane and halothane. By contrast, other mutations in syntaxin and in the syntaxin-binding proteins synaptobrevin and SNAP-25 produced VA hypersensitivity. The syntaxin allelic variation was striking, particularly for isoflurane, where a 33-fold range of sensitivities was seen. Both the resistant and hypersensitive mutations decrease synaptic transmission; thus, the indirect effect of reducing neurotransmission does not explain the VA resistance. As assessed by pharmacological criteria, halothane and isoflurane themselves reduced cholinergic transmission, and the presynaptic anesthetic effect was blocked by the resistant syntaxin mutation. A single gene mutation conferring high-level resistance to VAs is inconsistent with nonspecific membrane-perturbation theories of anesthesia. The genetic and pharmacological data suggest that the resistant syntaxin mutant directly blocks VA binding to or efficacy against presynaptic targets that mediate anesthetic behavioral effects. Syntaxin and syntaxin-binding proteins are candidate anesthetic targets. (+info)Aldicarb as a cause of food poisoning--Louisiana, 1998. (2/53)
Cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides (i.e., organic phosphates and carbamates), widely used in agriculture, can cause illness if they contaminate food or drinking water. Aldicarb, a regulated carbamate pesticide, is highly toxic, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires applicators to be trained and certified. This report describes a foodborne outbreak of aldicarb poisoning that occurred when improperly stored and labeled aldicarb was used mistakenly in food preparation. (+info)In vitro sulfoxidation of aldicarb by hepatic microsomes of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. (3/53)
The carbamate pesticide, aldicarb, demonstrates significant acute toxicity in mammals, birds, and fish, and is readily biotransformed by most organisms studied. Metabolic products of aldicarb include the more toxic sulfoxide and the less toxic sulfone as two of the major products. Both the cytochrome P450 (CYP) and the flavin monooxygenase systems (FMO) are involved in this process. This study examined the capacities of liver microsomes of male channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), which lack FMO, to biotransform aldicarb in vitro. In addition, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potencies of aldicarb and its sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives were determined. For metabolism studies, incubations of [14C]-aldicarb (0.1mM) were carried out for up to 15-90 min using 1.0 mg/mL of hepatic microsomal protein. Total NADPH- dependent biotransformation was low (< 3.0% conversion to polar metabolites), and was inhibited by carbon monoxide. The only metabolite detected was aldicarb sulfoxide (Kmapp = 53.8 +/- 25.3 microM; Vmaxapp = 0.040 +/- 0.007 nmol/min/mg). Treatment of fish with the CYP modulators beta-naphthoflavone (BNF, 50 mg/kg) and ethanol (EtOH, 1.0% aqueous) had no effect on sulfoxide production. No correlation existed between CYP isoform expression (determined by western blot) and aldicarb sulfoxidation rates, suggesting the involvement of an unmeasured CYP isoform or involvement of several isoforms with low specificity. This study indicates that a low rate of bioactivation of aldicarb to aldicarb sulfoxide may be responsible for the resistance of channel catfish to aldicarb toxicity relative to that of other piscine species. (+info)A case of aldicarb poisoning: a possible murder attempt. (4/53)
A couple showing signs of cholinergic crisis was admitted to the hospital. Analyses with high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry conducted on serum, urine, and stomach contents that were collected few hours after first symptoms showed the presence of aldicarb, which is the most potent carbamate insecticide on the market. A murder attempt was suspected because the patients showed the first signs some minutes after drinking coffee upon returning home and no commercial products containing aldicarb were found in the house. Because of the reversibility of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, the patients recovered after treatment with atropine and toxogonin. They left the hospital after 12 days. To our knowledge, the serum concentrations of aldicarb reported in this paper are the highest reported for a nonfatal case. (+info)Serotonin inhibition of synaptic transmission: Galpha(0) decreases the abundance of UNC-13 at release sites. (5/53)
We show that serotonin inhibits synaptic transmission at C. elegans neuromuscular junctions, and we describe a signaling pathway that mediates this effect. Release of acetylcholine from motor neurons was assayed by measuring the sensitivity of intact animals to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor aldicarb. By this assay, exogenous serotonin inhibited acetylcholine release, whereas serotonin antagonists stimulated release. The effects of serotonin on synaptic transmission were mediated by GOA-1 (a Galpha0 subunit) and DGK-1 (a diacylglycerol [DAG] kinase), both of which act in the ventral cord motor neurons. Mutants lacking goa-1 G(alpha)0 accumulated abnormally high levels of the DAG-binding protein UNC-13 at motor neuron nerve terminals, suggesting that serotonin inhibits synaptic transmission by decreasing the abundance of UNC-13 at release sites. (+info)In vivo acetylcholinesterase inhibition, metabolism, and toxicokinetics of aldicarb in channel catfish: role of biotransformation in acute toxicity. (6/53)
The carbamate pesticide, aldicarb, demonstrates significant acute toxicity in mammals, birds, and fish through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and may present high potential for exposure of aquatic organisms during periods of runoff. Toxicity studies have shown that channel catfish are less sensitive to the acute toxic effects of aldicarb than are rainbow trout or bluegill. An earlier in vitro study suggests that the aldicarb resistance in catfish may be related to a low level of bioactivation to the potent aldicarb sulfoxide. The current study examines the toxicity, AChE inhibition, plasma kinetics, and in vivo metabolism of aldicarb in channel catfish. A 48-h LC50 of 9.7 mg/l was determined for juvenile channel catfish. Mortality was accompanied by dramatic loss of brain AChE. Further characterization of tissue-level effects suggests that muscle AChE plays a causal role in mortality. Aldicarb was metabolized in channel catfish to aldicarb sulfoxide, along with the formation of minor hydrolytic products. The toxicokinetics of aldicarb in catfish are bi-compartmental with rapid elimination (t1/2 = 1.9 h). Plasma AChE was inhibited in a pattern similar to that of the elimination of total aldicarb-derived compounds. A comparison of aldicarb uptake between catfish and rainbow trout showed no difference in compound absorbed in 24 h. The pattern of in vivo metabolism, however, was quite different between these species. Rainbow trout produce significantly more hydrolytic derivatives and have a 3-fold higher aldicarb sulfoxide to aldicarb ratio at 3 h. These data give strength to the hypothesis that a slower rate of bioactivation in the catfish (vs. rainbow trout) is acting as a protective mechanism against the acute toxicity of aldicarb. (+info)Mitochondrial expression and function of GAS-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. (7/53)
A mutation in the gene gas-1 alters sensitivity to volatile anesthetics, fecundity, and life span in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. gas-1 encodes a close homologue of the 49-kDa iron protein subunit of Complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain from bovine heart. gas-1 is widely expressed in the nematode neuromuscular system and in a subcellular pattern consistent with that of a mitochondrial protein. Pharmacological studies indicate that gas-1 functions partially via presynaptic effects. In addition, a mutation in the gas-1 gene profoundly decreases Complex I-dependent metabolism in mitochondria as measured by rates of both oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport. An increase in Complex II-dependent metabolism also is seen in mitochondria from gas-1 animals. There is no apparent alteration in physical structure in mitochondria from gas-1 nematodes compared with those from wild type. These data indicate that gas-1 is the major 49-kDa protein of complex I and that the GAS-1 protein is critical to mitochondrial function in C. elegans. They also reveal the importance of mitochondrial function in determining not only aging and life span, but also anesthetic sensitivity, in this model organism. (+info)Effects of salinity on aldicarb toxicity in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and striped bass (Morone saxatilis x chrysops). (8/53)
Fluctuations in several environmental variables, such as salinity, can influence the interactions between organisms and pollutants in aquatic organisms, and, therefore, affect the toxicity of xenobiotics. In this study, after 2 species of fish, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x chrysops) were acclimated to 4 salinity regimens of 1.5, 7, 14, and 21 ppt for 1 week and then exposed to 0.5 mg/l aldicarb. Mortality, brain, and muscle cholinesterase levels were measured after 96 h. Rates of (14)C-aldicarb sulfoxide formation were determined in kidney (trout only), liver, and gill microsomes from each species acclimated to the 4 salinity regimens. Salinity significantly enhanced aldicarb toxicity, cholinesterase inhibition, and (14)C-aldicarb sulfoxide formation in rainbow trout but not in striped bass. In vitro incubations with (14)C-aldicarb and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitor, N-benzylimidazole, did not significantly alter aldicarb sulfoxide formation in tissue microsomes from either species of fish, indicating CYP did not contribute to aldicarb sulfoxidation. Salinity increased flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) mRNA expression and catalytic activities in microsomes of liver, gill, and kidney of rainbow trout, which was consistent with the salinity-induced enhancement of aldicarb toxicity. Salinity did not alter FMO mRNA expression and catalytic activities in striped bass, which was also consistent with the lack of an effect of salinity on aldicarb toxicity in this species. These results suggest that salinity-mediated enhancement of aldicarb toxicity is species-dependent, and at least partially due to the salinity-related upregulation of FMOs, which, in turn, increases the bioactivation of aldicarb to aldicarb sulfoxide, which is a more potent inhibitor of cholinesterase than aldicarb. (+info)Aldicarb is a carbamate pesticide that acts as a systemic insecticide, nematicide, and acaricide. It is used to control a wide variety of pests in crops such as potatoes, corn, and soybeans. Aldicarb works by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which leads to an accumulation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, causing paralysis and death in insects. However, it is highly toxic to both insects and mammals, including humans, and can cause serious health effects such as nausea, dizziness, and even death if ingested or absorbed through the skin. Therefore, its use is heavily regulated and restricted in many countries.
Thiocholine is not a medical term per se, but it is a chemical compound that has applications in the medical and biological fields. Thiocholine is the reduced form of thiochrome, which is a derivative of vitamin B1 (thiamine). It is often used as a reagent in biochemical assays to measure the activity of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
In this context, thiocholine iodide (S-[2-(hydroxyethyl)thio]ethan-1-oniuim iodide) is commonly used as a substrate for acetylcholinesterase. When the enzyme hydrolyzes thiocholine iodide, it produces thiocholine, which can be detected and quantified through its reaction with ferric chloride to form a colored complex. This assay is useful in diagnosing certain neurological conditions or monitoring the effectiveness of treatments that target the cholinergic system.
Ictaluridae is not a term that has a medical definition, as it pertains to the field of biology and zoology rather than medicine. Ictaluridae is the family of freshwater fishes commonly known as "North American catfishes." These fishes are characterized by their barbels, which resemble cats' whiskers, and their armored bodies.
However, in a medical context, certain types of Ictaluridae may be mentioned in relation to food safety or allergies. For example, if a patient has an allergy to fish, they may need to avoid consuming Ictaluridae species such as channel catfish or blue catfish. Similarly, if there is a concern about foodborne illness, certain types of Ictaluridae may be implicated in outbreaks of diseases such as scombrotoxin poisoning.
Therefore, while "Ictaluridae" itself does not have a medical definition, it is a term that may be used in medicine in relation to food safety or allergies.
Insecticides are substances or mixtures of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or mitigating any pest, including insects, arachnids, or other related pests. They can be chemical or biological agents that disrupt the growth, development, or behavior of these organisms, leading to their death or incapacitation. Insecticides are widely used in agriculture, public health, and residential settings for pest control. However, they must be used with caution due to potential risks to non-target organisms and the environment.
Cholinesterase inhibitors are a class of drugs that work by blocking the action of cholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the body. By inhibiting this enzyme, the levels of acetylcholine in the brain increase, which can help to improve symptoms of cognitive decline and memory loss associated with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia.
Cholinesterase inhibitors are also used to treat other medical conditions, including myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disorder that causes muscle weakness, and glaucoma, a condition that affects the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss. Some examples of cholinesterase inhibitors include donepezil (Aricept), galantamine (Razadyne), and rivastigmine (Exelon).
It's important to note that while cholinesterase inhibitors can help to improve symptoms in some people with dementia, they do not cure the underlying condition or stop its progression. Side effects of these drugs may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and increased salivation. In rare cases, they may also cause seizures, fainting, or cardiac arrhythmias.
Cholinesterases are a group of enzymes that play an essential role in the nervous system by regulating the transmission of nerve impulses. They work by breaking down a type of chemical messenger called acetylcholine, which is released by nerves to transmit signals to other nerves or muscles.
There are two main types of cholinesterases: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). AChE is found primarily in the nervous system, where it rapidly breaks down acetylcholine to terminate nerve impulses. BChE, on the other hand, is found in various tissues throughout the body, including the liver and plasma, and plays a less specific role in breaking down various substances, including some drugs and toxins.
Inhibition of cholinesterases can lead to an accumulation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, which can result in excessive stimulation of nerve impulses and muscle contractions. This effect is exploited by certain medications used to treat conditions such as myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer's disease, and glaucoma, but can also be caused by exposure to certain chemicals or toxins, such as organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents.
Acute toxicity tests are a category of medical or biological testing that measure the short-term adverse effects of a substance on living organisms. These tests are typically performed in a laboratory setting and involve exposing test subjects (such as cells, animals, or isolated organs) to a single high dose or multiple doses of a substance within a short period of time, usually 24 hours or less.
The primary objective of acute toxicity testing is to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) or concentration (LC50) of a substance, which is the amount or concentration that causes death in 50% of the test subjects. This information can be used to help assess the potential health hazards associated with exposure to a particular substance and to establish safety guidelines for its handling and use.
Acute toxicity tests are required by regulatory agencies around the world as part of the process of evaluating the safety of chemicals, drugs, and other substances. However, there is growing concern about the ethical implications of using animals in these tests, and many researchers are working to develop alternative testing methods that do not involve the use of live animals.
Cholinesterase reactivators are a type of medication used to reverse the effects of certain types of poisoning, particularly organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, as well as nerve agents. These chemicals work by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which normally breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the body. This can lead to an overaccumulation of acetylcholine and result in symptoms such as muscle weakness, seizures, and respiratory failure.
Cholinesterase reactivators, also known as oximes, work by reactivating the inhibited enzyme and allowing it to resume its normal function. The most commonly used cholinesterase reactivator is pralidoxime (2-PAM), which is often administered in combination with atropine to treat organophosphate poisoning.
It's important to note that cholinesterase reactivators are not effective against all types of nerve agents or pesticides, and their use should be determined by a medical professional based on the specific type of poisoning involved. Additionally, these medications can have side effects and should only be administered under medical supervision.
Gills are specialized respiratory organs found in many aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, and some mollusks. They are typically thin, feathery structures that increase the surface area for gas exchange between the water and the animal's bloodstream. Gills extract oxygen from water while simultaneously expelling carbon dioxide.
In fish, gills are located in the gill chamber, which is covered by opercula or protective bony flaps. Water enters through the mouth, flows over the gills, and exits through the opercular openings. The movement of water over the gills allows for the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the gill filaments and lamellae, which are the thin plates where gas exchange occurs.
Gills contain a rich supply of blood vessels, allowing for efficient transport of oxygen to the body's tissues and removal of carbon dioxide. The counter-current flow of water and blood in the gills ensures that the concentration gradient between the water and the blood is maximized, enhancing the efficiency of gas exchange.
Sulfoxides are organic compounds characterized by the functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to two oxygen atoms and a carbon atom. The general structure is R-S(=O)O-R', where R and R' represent alkyl or aryl groups. They are often formed by the oxidation of sulfides, which contain a sulfur atom bonded to two carbon atoms. Sulfoxides have a trigonal pyramidal geometry at the sulfur atom due to the presence of two electron-withdrawing oxygen atoms. They exhibit properties of both polar and nonpolar compounds, making them useful as solvents and intermediates in organic synthesis.
Medical Definition:
Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) is a standard measurement in toxicology that refers to the estimated amount or dose of a substance, which if ingested, injected, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin by either human or animal, would cause death in 50% of the test population. It is expressed as the mass of a substance per unit of body weight (mg/kg, μg/kg, etc.). LD50 values are often used to compare the toxicity of different substances and help determine safe dosage levels.
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter, into choline and acetic acid. This enzyme plays a crucial role in regulating the transmission of nerve impulses across the synapse, the junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle fiber.
Acetylcholinesterase is located in the synaptic cleft, the narrow gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes. When ACh is released from the presynaptic membrane and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, it triggers a response in the target cell. Acetylcholinesterase rapidly breaks down ACh, terminating its action and allowing for rapid cycling of neurotransmission.
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase leads to an accumulation of ACh in the synaptic cleft, prolonging its effects on the postsynaptic membrane. This can result in excessive stimulation of cholinergic receptors and overactivation of the cholinergic system, which may cause a range of symptoms, including muscle weakness, fasciculations, sweating, salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, bradycardia, and bronchoconstriction.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are used in the treatment of various medical conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, myasthenia gravis, and glaucoma. However, they can also be used as chemical weapons, such as nerve agents, due to their ability to disrupt the nervous system and cause severe toxicity.
Chemical water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater) with harmful chemicals or substances that negatively impact water quality and pose a threat to human health, aquatic life, and the environment. These chemical pollutants can come from various sources, including industrial and agricultural activities, waste disposal, oil spills, and chemical accidents. Examples of chemical pollutants include heavy metals (such as mercury, lead, and cadmium), pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other hazardous substances. These chemicals can have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects on living organisms and can disrupt ecosystems, leading to decreased biodiversity and impaired ecological functions.
Oncorhynchus mykiss is the scientific name for a species of fish that is commonly known as the Rainbow Trout. According to the medical or clinical definition provided by the US National Library of Medicine, Oncorhynchus mykiss is "a freshwater fish that is widely cultured and an important food source in many parts of the world." It is also a popular game fish and is often stocked in lakes and rivers for recreational fishing. Rainbow trout are native to cold-water tributaries that flow into the Pacific Ocean in Asia and North America. They have been introduced widely throughout the world and can now be found in freshwater systems on every continent except Antarctica. Rainbow trout are a valuable species for both commercial and recreational fisheries, and they also play an important role in the food web as both predators and prey.
I apologize for any confusion, but "bass" is not a medical term. It is a term that can have several meanings depending on the context. In music, "bass" refers to a low-pitched sound or instrument. In fishing and aquatic biology, "bass" refers to various species of freshwater fish.
If you are looking for a medical term related to the human body, perhaps you meant "brachial basal sulcus" or "basilar artery." If you can provide more context or clarify your question, I would be happy to help further!
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Pyrethrins are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds extracted from the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and Chrysanthemum coccineum. They have been used for centuries as insecticides due to their ability to disrupt the nervous system of insects, leading to paralysis and death. Pyrethrins are composed of six esters, pyrethrin I and II, cinerin I and II, and jasmolin I and II, which have different insecticidal properties but share a similar mode of action. They are commonly used in household insect sprays, pet shampoos, and agricultural applications to control a wide range of pests. However, pyrethrins can be toxic to fish and some beneficial insects, so they must be used with caution.
Pesticides are substances or mixtures of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or repelling pests. Pests can be insects, rodents, fungi, weeds, or other organisms that can cause damage to crops, animals, or humans and their living conditions. The term "pesticide" includes all of the following: insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, bactericides, and various other substances used to control pests.
It is important to note that while pesticides are designed to be toxic to the target pests, they can also pose risks to non-target organisms, including humans, if not used properly. Therefore, it is essential to follow all label instructions and safety precautions when handling and applying pesticides.
Insecticide resistance is a genetic selection process in insect populations that allows them to survive and reproduce despite exposure to insecticides. It's the result of changes in the genetic makeup of insects, which can be caused by natural selection when insecticides are used repeatedly. Over time, this leads to the prevalence of genes that provide resistance to the insecticide, making the pest control methods less effective. Insecticide resistance is a significant challenge in public health and agriculture, as it can reduce the efficacy of interventions aimed at controlling disease-carrying insects or protecting crops from pests.
Environmental pollutants are defined as any substances or energy (such as noise, heat, or light) that are present in the environment and can cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damage the natural ecosystems. These pollutants can come from a variety of sources, including industrial processes, transportation, agriculture, and household activities. They can be in the form of gases, liquids, solids, or radioactive materials, and can contaminate air, water, and soil. Examples include heavy metals, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter, and greenhouse gases.
It is important to note that the impact of environmental pollutants on human health and the environment can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) and it depends on the type, concentration, duration and frequency of exposure. Some common effects of environmental pollutants include respiratory problems, cancer, neurological disorders, reproductive issues, and developmental delays in children.
It is important to monitor, control and reduce the emissions of these pollutants through regulations, technology advancements, and sustainable practices to protect human health and the environment.
'Insect control' is not a term typically used in medical definitions. However, it generally refers to the methods and practices used to manage or reduce the population of insects that can be harmful or disruptive to human health, food supply, or property. This can include various strategies such as chemical pesticides, biological control agents, habitat modification, and other integrated pest management techniques.
In medical terms, 'vector control' is a more relevant concept, which refers to the specific practices used to reduce or prevent the transmission of infectious diseases by insects and other arthropods that act as disease vectors (such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas). Vector control measures may include the use of insecticides, larvicides, biological control agents, environmental management, personal protection methods, and other integrated vector management strategies.
Aldicarb
Carbamic acid
R-16661
Butocarboxim
Nematicide
Abacarus hystrix
Carbamate
Union Carbide
Meloidogyne javanica
Quality Assurance International
Acute inhalation injury
Methyl isocyanate
Potato cyst nematode
Carbofuran
Cholinergic crisis
Orange (fruit)
Tobacco rattle virus
Carbamoyl chloride
Pratylenchus brachyurus
Meloidogyne arenaria
Pesticide misuse
Agriculture in Thailand
C7H14N2O2S
Health in Thailand
List of insecticides
List of MeSH codes (D02)
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
Dieldrin
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Rotterdam Convention
Aldicarb - Wikipedia
EWG Tap Water Database | Town of Pittsville | Aldicarb sulfoxide
EWG Tap Water Database | Western Pines Apartments | Aldicarb sulfone
Pesticide Aldicarb | Bee Culture
Poisonings Associated with Illegal Use of Aldicarb as a Rodenticide -- New York City, 1994-1997
Aldicarb chemistry assessment | Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority
Aldicarb Archives - UCT
Will Biden Reverse Last Minute Trump EPA Approval of the Deadly Insecticide Aldicarb, Previously Cancelled? - Beyond Pesticides...
Florida Farmworker Association Coordinator Discusses Aldicarb Ruling, Pesticide Use | WFSU News
Pesticide Residues, Aldicarb
Efficacy of placement of aldicarb for the control of stubby root nematodes and corky ring spot disease of potato |...
Aldicarb Quotes: top 7 famous sayings about Aldicarb
R: Aldicarb Concentrations from 1989 USEPA Guidance Document
Related Resources - Pesticide Illness | NIOSH | CDC
Report on imports of PIC-listed chemicals for 2021 - HSE
WAC 314-55-108
Aldicarb suppresses macrophage but not natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity of tumor cells. | Palmetto Profiles
ATSDR-PHA-HC-Evaluación Específica De La Salud Pública, Evaluación De Las Fuentes De Agua Potable y Las Rutas De Aguas...
Cross-border Movement of Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Recyclable Material Regulations
PharmWare - Sample Test attributes · GitHub
Latest Technical Bulletins - UKAS
Gastrointestinal Illness Associated with Rancid Tortilla Chips at a Correctional Facility - Wyoming, 2015 | MMWR
CRC 4
CUS-19006 | Agilent
Law Document English View | Ontario.ca
Insecticides | Encyclopedia.com
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Study Finds that Mosquito Repellent DEET Affects Nervous System - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog
Section 6400 and 6402
Figures and data in Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase maintains neuronal homeostasis during normal Caenorhabditis elegans...
Sulfone2
- Once in the body, aldicarb is broken down into aldicarb sulfone and aldicarb sulfoxide. (wikipedia.org)
- Aldicarb sulfone is a groundwater contaminant and a neurotoxic metabolite of the insecticide aldicarb used on agricultural crops. (ewg.org)
Pesticide11
- Aldicarb is a carbamate insecticide which is the active substance in the pesticide Temik. (wikipedia.org)
- In the United States, aldicarb was approved by the EPA for use by professional pesticide applicators on a variety of crops, including cotton, beans, and others. (wikipedia.org)
- The EPA started limiting the main aldicarb pesticide, Temik 15G, in 2010, requiring an end to distribution by 2017. (wikipedia.org)
- A new aldicarb pesticide named AgLogic 15G, was approved by the EPA in December 2011 and is said to be entering the market in 2015. (wikipedia.org)
- In July 1985, aldicarb present in watermelons grown in California caused an outbreak of pesticide food poisoning which affected over 2,000 people, and led to a temporary ban on watermelon sales. (wikipedia.org)
- Laboratory analysis indicated that the product contained the carbamate pesticide aldicarb (2-methyl-2-(methylthio)-propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl) oxime), which is not registered for use as a rodenticide in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- Though the ruling was bad news for AgLogic and citrus growers who want to use aldicarb, it was a victory for environmentalists, farmworkers and others concerned about possible exposure to the toxic pesticide. (wfsu.org)
- To start, tell us what you've learned about the pesticide Aldicarb? (wfsu.org)
- EPA yesterday rejected health concerns raised by environmental groups in approving expanded use of the pesticide aldicarb on citrus in Florida, which the agency said could help fight citrus-greening disease. (eenews.net)
- The approval stands to be one of the agency's last pesticide approvals under the Trump administration, and it arrived quickly: The public comment period on the aldicarb proposal ended only a week earlier. (eenews.net)
- They found the pesticide aldicarb, approved to be used only on cotton, peanuts, roses, and sweet potatoes was also used for ginger. (izismile.com)
Insecticide aldicarb2
- Aldicarb sulfoxide is a groundwater contaminant related to the neurotoxic insecticide aldicarb. (ewg.org)
- Will Biden Reverse Last Minute Trump EPA Approval of the Deadly Insecticide Aldicarb, Previously Cancelled? (beyondpesticides.org)
Methomyl1
- Aldicarb and methomyl are examples of the oxime type (Figure 5). (shabupc.com)
Pesticides1
- The EPA's Pesticides category lists many familiar poisons such as Aldicarb, Chlordane, Heptachlor, and Lindane. (purewatergazette.net)
Oxamyl1
- In the second experiment aldicarb applied in the furrow at planting, modified in the furrow at planting or in the furrow at planting, in combination with foliar applications of oxamyl, resulted in the lowest incidence of corky ringspot disease and had the highest total and marketable yields. (flvc.org)
AgLogic2
- AgLogic, the company that makes aldicarb, issued a statement following the court's decision but didn't specify whether it would seek an appeal. (wfsu.org)
- AgLogic, the company that applied for the new aldicarb registration, had initially sought to sell it in Texas as well but amended its application during the review period to limit use to Florida, EPA said. (eenews.net)
100,000 acres2
- In January, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency registered aldicarb for use on 100,000 acres of citrus crops across the state. (wfsu.org)
- In a final decision published in the Federal Register , EPA said it would impose restrictions on aldicarb, including limiting its use to 100,000 acres in Florida only, and capping sales and distribution at 2.5 million pounds. (eenews.net)
Insecticides1
- Aldicarb is effective where resistance to organophosphate insecticides has developed, and is extremely important in potato production, where it is used for the control of soil-borne nematodes and some foliar pests. (wikipedia.org)
Heptachlor1
- There was heptachlor, linked to leukemia, and aldicarb , which poisoned thousands of California watermelons, yet is still allowed in potatoes and bananas at levels exposing up to 80,000 children a day to what EPA itself says are unacceptable high risks. (greatsayings.net)
EPA's2
Concentrations2
- needs update] Tres Pasitos, a mouse, rat, and roach killer that contains high concentrations of aldicarb, has been illegally imported into the United States from Mexico and other Latin American countries. (wikipedia.org)
- Aldicarb concentrations (ppm) at three compliance wells (four monthly samples at each well). (r-project.org)
Symptoms2
- Most commonly, aldicarb causes toxic symptoms when it is ingested through food that has been tainted with the insecticide. (wikipedia.org)
- The U.S. Centers for Disease Control finds too much exposure to aldicarb may cause acute symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and headache. (wfsu.org)
Citrus1
- Aldicarb hasn't been sprayed on the state's citrus in nearly a decade. (wfsu.org)
Groundwater1
- In August 1979, groundwater wells in Suffolk County, NY were contaminated with aldicarb residue due to irrigated potato fields nearby. (wikipedia.org)
Peanuts1
- The company emphasized its commitment to safety and highlight the fact that aldicarb is authorized for use on peanuts and cotton. (wfsu.org)
Birds1
- According to witnesses, the individual believed to have poisoned the cranes also made statements that he had used aldicarb to poison the birds. (iol.co.za)
Potato2
- Two experiments were conducted in a potato field to study the efficacy of placements of aldicarb for the control of corky ring spot disease and yield of potato. (flvc.org)
- In the first experiment different placements of aldicarb significantly increased total and marketable yield of potato compared to the untreated check. (flvc.org)
Wells1
- Of the approximately 8,400 wells tested, 13.5% contained more than 7 ug/L of aldicarb, which exceeds standard guidelines. (wikipedia.org)
Effective2
- Aldicarb applied as front of the planter shoe at planting or imidacloprid applied in furrow at planting were less effective than other placements of aldicarb. (flvc.org)
- Aldicarb can be effective against the pest, although it's mainly used against nematodes, according to EPA and agriculture organizations. (eenews.net)
Samples1
- Verdoorn, however, said on Tuesday that due to the limited samples that were available to the Nama Karoo Foundation (NKF), who requested support with the investigation from the Griffon Poison Information Centre, it was not yet possible to ascertain whether aldicarb was also used to poison the cranes. (iol.co.za)
Quotes1
- 7 Aldicarb Famous Sayings, Quotes and Quotation. (greatsayings.net)
Human1
- In a news release, EPA said its human health risk assessment for aldicarb showed 'no risks of concern, including to young children. (eenews.net)
Control1
- Dynamics of Aldicarb Soil Residues Associated with Pratylenchus penetrans Control in Dry Bean Production. (apsnet.org)
Time1
- Aldicarb was first synthesized in 1965 by Payne and Weiden, and was sold on the market for the first time in 1970. (wikipedia.org)