Children who have reached maturity or the legal age of majority.
The interactions between individuals of different generations. These interactions include communication, caring, accountability, loyalty, and even conflict between related or non-related individuals.
The interactions between parent and child.
Persons who provide care to those who need supervision or assistance in illness or disability. They may provide the care in the home, in a hospital, or in an institution. Although caregivers include trained medical, nursing, and other health personnel, the concept also refers to parents, spouses, or other family members, friends, members of the clergy, teachers, social workers, fellow patients.
Persons functioning as natural, adoptive, or substitute parents. The heading includes the concept of parenthood as well as preparation for becoming a parent.
Interaction between a mother and child.
Child with one or more parents afflicted by a physical or mental disorder.
Behavioral, psychological, and social relations among various members of the nuclear family and the extended family.
Married persons, i.e., husbands and wives, or partners. Domestic partners, or spousal equivalents, are two adults who have chosen to share their lives in an intimate and committed relationship, reside together, and share a mutual obligation of support for the basic necessities of life.
Female parents, human or animal.
The individual's experience of a sense of fulfillment of a need or want and the quality or state of being satisfied.
Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance is provided by churches, groups, etc.
A social group consisting of parents or parent substitutes and children.
A state of harmony between internal needs and external demands and the processes used in achieving this condition. (From APA Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)
Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the child.
Children with mental or physical disabilities that interfere with usual activities of daily living and that may require accommodation or intervention.
Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.
Any observable response or action of a child from 24 months through 12 years of age. For neonates or children younger than 24 months, INFANT BEHAVIOR is available.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.
The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.
Organized services to provide health care for children.
The training or bringing-up of children by parents or parent-substitutes. It is used also for child rearing practices in different societies, at different economic levels, in different ethnic groups, etc. It differs from PARENTING in that in child rearing the emphasis is on the act of training or bringing up the child and the interaction between the parent and child, while parenting emphasizes the responsibility and qualities of exemplary behavior of the parent.

Ancient Chinese medical ethics and the four principles of biomedical ethics. (1/200)

The four principles approach to biomedical ethics (4PBE) has, since the 1970s, been increasingly developed as a universal bioethics method. Despite its wide acceptance and popularity, the 4PBE has received many challenges to its cross-cultural plausibility. This paper first specifies the principles and characteristics of ancient Chinese medical ethics (ACME), then makes a comparison between ACME and the 4PBE with a view to testing out the 4PBE's cross-cultural plausibility when applied to one particular but very extensive and prominent cultural context. The result shows that the concepts of respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice are clearly identifiable in ACME. Yet, being influenced by certain socio-cultural factors, those applying the 4PBE in Chinese society may tend to adopt a "beneficence-oriented", rather than an "autonomy-oriented" approach, which, in general, is dissimilar to the practice of contemporary Western bioethics, where "autonomy often triumphs".  (+info)

To give or sell human gametes--the interplay between pragmatics, policy and ethics. (2/200)

The ever-growing acceptance and use of assisted human reproduction techniques has caused demand for "donated" sperm and eggs to outstrip supply. Medical professionals and others argue that monetary reward is the only way to recruit sufficient numbers of "donors". Is this a clash between pragmatics and policy/ethics? Where monetary payments are the norm, alternative recruitment strategies used successfully elsewhere may not have been considered, nor the negative consequences of commercialism on all participants thought through. Considerations leading some countries to ban the buying and selling of sperm, eggs and embryos are outlined and a case made that the collective welfare of all involved parties be the primary consideration in this, at times heated, debate.  (+info)

Contribution of APOA5 gene variants to plasma triglyceride determination and to the response to both fat and glucose tolerance challenges. (3/200)

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of APOA5 variants on fasting lipids and to the response to both an oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The association of two APOA5 SNPs [S19W (SNP5), -1131T>C (SNP3)] and an APOA4/A5 intergenic SNP [-12238T>C (SNP4)] were examined in healthy young men (n=774) who had undergone both an OFTT and an OGTT. Both -1131T>C and S19W rare alleles were associated with triglyceride (TG)-raising effects (11%, P=0.008; 21% (in cases), P<0.026, respectively) and showed additive effects on TG. None of the variants influenced the responsiveness to the OFTT after correcting for baseline TG. Homozygosity for the -12238T>C rare allele was associated with higher waist to hip ratio (P<0.0006), systolic blood pressure (P=0.012) and AUC and peak of insulin after OGTT (P=0.003 and P=0.027, respectively), traits that define the metabolic syndrome. Our results strongly support the role of APOA5 in determining plasma TG levels in an age-independent manner and highlight the importance of the APOC3/A4/A5 gene cluster in both TG and metabolic homeostasis.  (+info)

Maternal lung cancer and testicular cancer risk in the offspring. (4/200)

It has been hypothesized that smoking during pregnancy could increase the offspring's risk for testicular cancer. This hypothesis is indirectly supported by both ecological studies and studies of cancer aggregations within families. However, results from analytical epidemiological studies are not consistent, possibly due to methodological difficulties. To further study the association between smoking during pregnancy and testicular cancer, we did a population-based cohort study on cancer risk among offspring of women diagnosed with lung cancer. Through the use of the Swedish Cancer Register and the Swedish Second-Generation Register, we identified 8,430 women who developed lung cancer between 1958 and 1997 and delivered sons between 1941 and 1979. Cancer cases among the male offspring were then identified through the Swedish Cancer Register. Standardized incidence ratios were computed, using 95% confidence intervals. We identified 12,592 male offspring of mothers with a subsequent diagnosis of lung cancer, and there were 40 cases of testicular cancer (standardized incidence ratio, 1.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-2.58). The association was independent of maternal lung cancer subtype, and the risk of testicular cancer increased stepwise with decreasing time interval between birth and maternal lung cancer diagnosis. Our results support the hypothesis that exposure to cigarette smoking in utero increases the risk of testicular cancer.  (+info)

Continuity of care from a patient's point of view: context, process, relation. (5/200)

BACKGROUND: It is easy to forget about the real human experience when faced with the pressure of output measurement, organizational change, and large-scale statistical studies. This article takes a different perspective and provides a glimpse into one man's life to show the many relationships that can be involved when someone is ill. METHODS: The information in this paper is based on interviews with multiple individuals involved in the care of one patient. The theoretical framework is narrative--it takes discourse as its material base--and introduces the concept of the "signifier" to organize the data. RESULTS: The interview results demonstrate the theoretical strength of the signifier concept and reveal the process and context of the work of three particular physicians and the nature of the relations they were able to establish with this one patient and his son. CONCLUSIONS: This way of conceptionalizing the process of care from the patient's point of view enables us to reflect on the changing nature of continuity of care as a core value for family physicians  (+info)

Genetic Analysis Workshop 13: simulated longitudinal data on families for a system of oligogenic traits. (6/200)

The Genetic Analysis Workshop 13 simulated data aimed to mimic the major features of the real Framingham Heart Study data that formed Problem 1, but under a known inheritance model and with 100 replicates, so as to allow evaluation of the statistical properties of various methods. The pedigrees used were the 330 real pedigree structures (comprising 4692 individuals) with some minor changes to protect confidentiality. Fifty trait genes and 399 microsatellite markers were simulated by gene dropping on 22 autosomal chromosomes. Assuming random ascertainment of families, a system of eight longitudinal quantitative traits (designed to be similar to those in the real data) was generated with a wide range of heritabilities, including some pleiotropic and interactive effects. Genes could affect either the baseline level or the rate of change of the phenotype. Hypertension diagnosis and treatment were simulated with treatment availability, compliance, and efficacy depending on calendar year. Nongenetic traits of smoking and alcohol were generated as covariates for other traits. Death was simulated as a hazard rate depending upon age, sex, smoking, cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure. After the complete data were simulated, missing data indicators were generated based on logistic models fitted to the real data, involving the subject's history of previous missing values, together with that of their spouses, parents, siblings, and offspring, as well as marital status, only-child indicators, current value at certain simulated traits, and the data collection pattern on the cohort into which each subject was ascertained.  (+info)

Variance components linkage analysis for adjusted systolic blood pressure in the Framingham Heart Study. (7/200)

We performed variance components linkage analysis in nuclear families from the Framingham Heart Study on nine phenotypes derived from systolic blood pressure (SBP). The phenotypes were the maximum and mean SBP, and SBP at age 40, each analyzed either uncorrected, or corrected using two subsets of epidemiological/clinical factors. Evidence for linkage to chromosome 8p was detected with all phenotypes except the uncorrected maximum SBP, suggesting this region harbors a gene contributing to variation in SBP.  (+info)

Use of a random coefficient regression (RCR) model to estimate growth parameters. (8/200)

We used a random coefficient regression (RCR) model to estimate growth parameters for the time series of observed serum glucose levels in the Replicate 1 of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13 simulated data. For comparison, a two time-point interval was also selected and the slope between these two observations was calculated. This process yielded four phenotypes: the RCR growth phenotype, a two time-point slope phenotype, and Time 1 and Time 2 serum glucose level phenotypes. These four phenotypes were used for linkage analyses on simulated chromosomes 5, 7, 9, and 21, those chromosomes that contained loci affecting the growth course for serum glucose levels. The linkage analysis of the RCR-derived phenotype showed overwhelming evidence for linkage at one locus (LOD 65.78 on chromosome 5), while showing elevated but nonsignificant LOD scores for two other loci (LOD 1.25 on chromosome 7, LOD 1.10 on chromosome 9), and no evidence of linkage for the final locus. The two time-point slope phenotype showed evidence for linkage at one locus (LOD 4.16 on chromosome 5) but no evidence for linkage at any of the other loci. A parallel cross-sectional approach, using as input phenotypes the endpoints of the two-point slope phenotype, gave strong linkage results for the major locus on chromosome 5 (maximal LOD scores of 17.90 and 27.24 for Time 1 and Time 2, respectively) while showing elevated but nonsignificant linkage results on chromosome 7 (maximal LOD scores of 1.71 and 1.48) and no evidence for linkage at the two remaining loci. The RCR growth parameter showed more power to detect linkage to the major locus than either the cross-sectional or two-point slope approach, but the cross-sectional approach gave a higher maximal LOD score for one of the minor loci.  (+info)

"Adult children" is a term used to describe individuals who are typically adults in age, but who still have developmental or psychological dependencies on their parents or caregivers. This term is often used in the context of adult children of alcoholics or other dysfunctional families, where the adult child may exhibit behaviors such as:

* Difficulty setting boundaries
* Low self-esteem
* Fear of abandonment
* Difficulty with intimacy and commitment
* A tendency to assume responsibility for others' feelings and actions

These patterns often stem from childhood experiences in which the adult child took on a caretaking role or felt responsible for their parents' emotions. While "adult children" is not a formal medical term, it is widely used in psychology and social work to describe this population.

Intergenerational relations, in the context of healthcare and social sciences, refer to the interactions, relationships, and connections between different generations within a family or society. These relations can encompass various aspects such as communication, support, values, and attitudes. In the medical field, intergenerational relations may be studied to understand the impact of health policies, healthcare practices, and disease prevalence across different age groups. It can also help in identifying and addressing health disparities and creating age-friendly healthcare systems.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Parent-Child Relations" is not a medical term per se. It falls more under the purview of psychology, social work, and sociology. However, I can provide you with a general definition:

Parent-Child Relations refers to the nature and quality of the emotional, behavioral, and social relationships between parents (or primary caregivers) and their children. This relationship significantly influences a child's development, including their cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioral growth. Positive parent-child relations typically involve warmth, support, communication, consistency, and appropriate expectations, which contribute to healthy child development outcomes. On the other hand, negative or dysfunctional parent-child relations can lead to various developmental and psychological issues for the child.

A caregiver is an individual who provides assistance and support to another person who is unable to meet their own needs for activities of daily living due to illness, disability, frailty, or other reasons. Caregiving can take many forms, including providing physical care, emotional support, managing medications, assisting with mobility, and helping with household tasks and errands. Caregivers may be family members, friends, or professional providers, and the level of care they provide can range from a few hours a week to round-the-clock assistance. In medical contexts, caregivers are often referred to as informal or family caregivers when they are unpaid relatives or friends, and professional or paid caregivers when they are hired to provide care.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "parents" is not a term that has a medical definition. In general usage, parents are the two people (typically) who bring up and care for a child, or who have given birth to or adopted a child. They are responsible for the child's housing, food, clothing, education, and medical care. Is there a specific medical or healthcare-related context you had in mind? I would be happy to help further if I can.

I could not find a specific medical definition for "Mother-Child Relations," as it is more commonly studied in fields such as psychology, sociology, and social work. However, I can provide you with some related medical or psychological terms that might help you understand the concept better:

1. Attachment Theory: Developed by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, attachment theory describes the emotional bond between an infant and their primary caregiver (usually the mother). Secure attachment is crucial for healthy emotional and social development in children.
2. Mother-Infant Interaction: This refers to the reciprocal communication and interaction between a mother and her infant, which includes verbal and non-verbal cues, such as facial expressions, gestures, touch, and vocalizations. Positive and responsive interactions contribute to healthy emotional development and secure attachment.
3. Parent-Child Relationship: A broader term that encompasses the emotional bond, communication patterns, and behaviors between a parent (in this case, the mother) and their child. This relationship significantly influences a child's cognitive, social, and emotional development.
4. Maternal Depression: A mental health condition in which a mother experiences depressive symptoms, such as sadness, hopelessness, or loss of interest in activities, after giving birth (postpartum depression) or at any point during the first year after childbirth (major depressive disorder with peripartum onset). Maternal depression can negatively impact mother-child relations and a child's development.
5. Parenting Styles: Different approaches to raising children, characterized by the degree of demandingness and responsiveness. Four main parenting styles include authoritative (high demandingness, high responsiveness), authoritarian (high demandingness, low responsiveness), permissive (low demandingness, high responsiveness), and neglectful/uninvolved (low demandingness, low responsiveness). These styles can influence mother-child relations and child development.

While not a direct medical definition, these terms highlight the significance of mother-child relations in various aspects of child development and mental health.

There is no formal medical definition for "child of impaired parents." However, it generally refers to a child who has at least one parent with physical, mental, or psychological challenges that impact their ability to care for themselves and/or their children. These impairments may include substance abuse disorders, mental illnesses, chronic medical conditions, or developmental disabilities.

Children of impaired parents often face unique challenges and stressors in their lives, which can affect their emotional, social, and cognitive development. They may have to take on additional responsibilities at home, experience neglect or abuse, or witness disturbing behaviors related to their parent's impairment. As a result, these children are at higher risk for developing mental health issues, behavioral problems, and academic difficulties.

Support services and interventions, such as family therapy, counseling, and community resources, can help mitigate the negative effects of growing up with impaired parents and improve outcomes for these children.

"Family relations" is a broad term that refers to the various interactions, roles, and relationships between members of a family unit. This can include the dynamics between parents and children, siblings, extended family members, and any other individuals considered part of the family.

Family relations can be influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural background, individual personalities, life experiences, and family structure. These relationships can have a significant impact on an individual's emotional, social, and psychological development and well-being.

Positive family relations are characterized by open communication, mutual respect, support, and affection. On the other hand, negative family relations can be marked by conflict, hostility, neglect, and abuse. It is important to note that family relations can be complex and multifaceted, with both positive and negative aspects coexisting within the same family system.

In a medical context, understanding family relations can be crucial for healthcare providers in order to provide effective care and support to their patients. This may involve assessing family dynamics and communication patterns, as well as providing education and resources to help families navigate any challenges or conflicts that may arise.

I apologize for any confusion, but "spouses" is not a term that has a medical definition. In general, a spouse refers to a person who is united to another in a marriage contract. The term can refer to either a husband or a wife. If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.

I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. "Mothers" is a term that refers to individuals who have given birth to and raised children. It is not a medical term with a specific definition. If you are referring to a different word or term, please clarify so I can provide a more accurate response.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Personal Satisfaction" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It generally refers to the feeling of contentment or fulfillment one derives from achieving their personal goals or desires. However, in a medical context, it might be used to assess a person's quality of life or their satisfaction with their healthcare or treatment outcomes.

Social support in a medical context refers to the resources and assistance provided by an individual's social network, including family, friends, peers, and community groups. These resources can include emotional, informational, and instrumental support, which help individuals cope with stress, manage health conditions, and maintain their overall well-being.

Emotional support involves providing empathy, care, and encouragement to help an individual feel valued, understood, and cared for. Informational support refers to the provision of advice, guidance, and knowledge that can help an individual make informed decisions about their health or other aspects of their life. Instrumental support includes practical assistance such as help with daily tasks, financial aid, or access to resources.

Social support has been shown to have a positive impact on physical and mental health outcomes, including reduced stress levels, improved immune function, better coping skills, and increased resilience. It can also play a critical role in promoting healthy behaviors, such as adherence to medical treatments and lifestyle changes.

The term "family" in a medical context often refers to a group of individuals who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption and who consider themselves to be a single household. This can include spouses, parents, children, siblings, grandparents, and other extended family members. In some cases, the term may also be used more broadly to refer to any close-knit group of people who provide emotional and social support for one another, regardless of their biological or legal relationship.

In healthcare settings, understanding a patient's family dynamics can be important for providing effective care. Family members may be involved in decision-making about medical treatments, providing care and support at home, and communicating with healthcare providers. Additionally, cultural beliefs and values within families can influence health behaviors and attitudes towards medical care, making it essential for healthcare professionals to take a culturally sensitive approach when working with patients and their families.

Psychological adaptation refers to the process by which individuals adjust and cope with stressors, challenges, or changes in their environment or circumstances. It involves modifying thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and copabilities to reduce the negative impact of these stressors and promote well-being. Psychological adaptation can occur at different levels, including intrapersonal (within the individual), interpersonal (between individuals), and cultural (within a group or society).

Examples of psychological adaptation include:

* Cognitive restructuring: changing negative thoughts and beliefs to more positive or adaptive ones
* Emotion regulation: managing and reducing intense or distressing emotions
* Problem-solving: finding solutions to practical challenges or obstacles
* Seeking social support: reaching out to others for help, advice, or comfort
* Developing coping strategies: using effective ways to deal with stressors or difficulties
* Cultivating resilience: bouncing back from adversity and learning from negative experiences.

Psychological adaptation is an important aspect of mental health and well-being, as it helps individuals adapt to new situations, overcome challenges, and maintain a sense of control and optimism in the face of stressors or changes.

Child welfare is a broad term that refers to the overall well-being and protection of children. It encompasses a range of services and interventions aimed at promoting the physical, emotional, social, and educational development of children, while also protecting them from harm, abuse, and neglect. The medical definition of child welfare may include:

1. Preventive Services: Programs and interventions designed to strengthen families and prevent child maltreatment, such as home visiting programs, parent education classes, and family support services.
2. Protective Services: Interventions that aim to protect children from harm, abuse, or neglect, including investigations of reports of maltreatment, removal of children from dangerous situations, and provision of alternative care arrangements.
3. Family Reunification Services: Efforts to reunite children with their families when it is safe and in the best interest of the child, such as family therapy, parent-child visitation, and case management services.
4. Permanency Planning: The development of long-term plans for children who cannot safely return to their families, including adoption, guardianship, or other permanent living arrangements.
5. Foster Care Services: Provision of temporary care for children who cannot safely remain in their own homes, including placement with foster families, group homes, or residential treatment facilities.
6. Child Health and Development Services: Programs that promote the physical, emotional, and developmental well-being of children, such as health screenings, immunizations, mental health services, and early intervention programs for children with special needs.
7. Advocacy and Policy Development: Efforts to promote policies and practices that support the well-being and protection of children, including advocating for laws and regulations that protect children's rights and ensure their safety and well-being.

A disabled child is a child who has a physical, cognitive, or developmental condition that limits their ability to perform everyday tasks and activities. This limitation can be temporary or permanent and may range from mild to severe. According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a person with a disability is someone who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, has a record of such an impairment, or is regarded as having such an impairment.

Disabled children may face challenges in various areas of their lives, including mobility, communication, self-care, learning, and socialization. Some common examples of disabilities that affect children include cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, hearing or vision loss, and spina bifida.

It is important to note that disabled children have the same rights and entitlements as other children, and they should be given equal opportunities to participate in all aspects of society. This includes access to education, healthcare, social services, and community activities. With appropriate support and accommodations, many disabled children can lead fulfilling lives and reach their full potential.

Psychological stress is the response of an individual's mind and body to challenging or demanding situations. It can be defined as a state of emotional and physical tension resulting from adversity, demand, or change. This response can involve a variety of symptoms, including emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physiological components.

Emotional responses may include feelings of anxiety, fear, anger, sadness, or frustration. Cognitive responses might involve difficulty concentrating, racing thoughts, or negative thinking patterns. Behaviorally, psychological stress can lead to changes in appetite, sleep patterns, social interactions, and substance use. Physiologically, the body's "fight-or-flight" response is activated, leading to increased heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, and other symptoms.

Psychological stress can be caused by a wide range of factors, including work or school demands, financial problems, relationship issues, traumatic events, chronic illness, and major life changes. It's important to note that what causes stress in one person may not cause stress in another, as individual perceptions and coping mechanisms play a significant role.

Chronic psychological stress can have negative effects on both mental and physical health, increasing the risk of conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, heart disease, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, it's essential to identify sources of stress and develop effective coping strategies to manage and reduce its impact.

Child behavior refers to the actions, reactions, and interactions exhibited by children in response to their environment, experiences, and developmental stage. It is a broad term that encompasses various aspects, including emotional, social, cognitive, and physical development.

Child behavior can be categorized into two main types:

1. Desirable or positive behaviors - These are behaviors that promote healthy development, social interactions, and learning. Examples include sharing toys, following rules, expressing emotions appropriately, and demonstrating empathy towards others.
2. Challenging or negative behaviors - These are behaviors that hinder healthy development, social interactions, and learning. Examples include aggression, defiance, tantrums, anxiety, and withdrawal.

Understanding child behavior is crucial for parents, caregivers, educators, and healthcare professionals to provide appropriate support, guidance, and interventions to promote positive developmental outcomes in children. Factors influencing child behavior include genetics, temperament, environment, parenting style, and life experiences.

A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.

Longitudinal studies are a type of research design where data is collected from the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time, often years or even decades. These studies are used to establish patterns of changes and events over time, and can help researchers identify causal relationships between variables. They are particularly useful in fields such as epidemiology, psychology, and sociology, where the focus is on understanding developmental trends and the long-term effects of various factors on health and behavior.

In medical research, longitudinal studies can be used to track the progression of diseases over time, identify risk factors for certain conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions. For example, a longitudinal study might follow a group of individuals over several decades to assess their exposure to certain environmental factors and their subsequent development of chronic diseases such as cancer or heart disease. By comparing data collected at multiple time points, researchers can identify trends and correlations that may not be apparent in shorter-term studies.

Longitudinal studies have several advantages over other research designs, including their ability to establish temporal relationships between variables, track changes over time, and reduce the impact of confounding factors. However, they also have some limitations, such as the potential for attrition (loss of participants over time), which can introduce bias and affect the validity of the results. Additionally, longitudinal studies can be expensive and time-consuming to conduct, requiring significant resources and a long-term commitment from both researchers and study participants.

Health status is a term used to describe the overall condition of an individual's health, including physical, mental, and social well-being. It is often assessed through various measures such as medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and self-reported health assessments. Health status can be used to identify health disparities, track changes in population health over time, and evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare interventions.

Child health services refer to a range of medical and supportive services designed to promote the physical, mental, and social well-being of children from birth up to adolescence. These services aim to prevent or identify health problems early, provide treatment and management for existing conditions, and support healthy growth and development.

Examples of child health services include:

1. Well-child visits: Regular checkups with a pediatrician or other healthcare provider to monitor growth, development, and overall health.
2. Immunizations: Vaccinations to protect against infectious diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, polio, and hepatitis B.
3. Screening tests: Blood tests, hearing and vision screenings, and other diagnostic tests to identify potential health issues early.
4. Developmental assessments: Evaluations of a child's cognitive, emotional, social, and physical development to ensure they are meeting age-appropriate milestones.
5. Dental care: Preventive dental services such as cleanings, fluoride treatments, and sealants, as well as restorative care for cavities or other dental problems.
6. Mental health services: Counseling, therapy, and medication management for children experiencing emotional or behavioral challenges.
7. Nutrition counseling: Education and support to help families make healthy food choices and promote good nutrition.
8. Chronic disease management: Coordinated care for children with ongoing medical conditions such as asthma, diabetes, or cerebral palsy.
9. Injury prevention: Programs that teach parents and children about safety measures to reduce the risk of accidents and injuries.
10. Public health initiatives: Community-based programs that promote healthy lifestyles, provide access to healthcare services, and address social determinants of health such as poverty, housing, and education.

Child rearing, also known as child care or child raising, refers to the process of caring for and raising children from infancy through adolescence. This includes providing for their physical needs such as food, clothing, and shelter, as well as their emotional, social, and intellectual development. Child rearing involves a range of activities such as feeding, bathing, dressing, educating, disciplining, and providing love and support. It is typically the responsibility of parents or guardians, but may also involve other family members, teachers, caregivers, and community institutions. Effective child rearing requires knowledge, skills, patience, and a commitment to meeting the needs of the child in a loving and supportive environment.

Use these tips to deal with your adult children who are arguing. ... ADT , ADT™ Home Security,analytics_offerid:adt-home- ... For the first time in six years, Kincers three adult children are all home for the summer. Raising 20-something children comes ... discounts/providers/adt/adt-logo.png,provider_logo_alt_text:adt log on blue octagon background,provider_logo_cdn_uri: ... Ohio mom Paulita Kincer learned that her adult children were arguing with each other in a text from her daughter. Grace, 24, ...
... youth-adult partnerships are categorized by multiple adults and multiple youth and there must also be a mutuality where adults ... Youth-adult partnerships can empower youth and adults as they educate their peers and advocate for the promotion of health and ... Youth/Adult Partnerships Factsheet University of Arizona website. Youth/Adult Partnerships Tip Sheet The Freechlid Project. ... where they are typified by youth voice. Youth voice is commonly recognized as an essential element of effective youth-adult ...
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To help adults faced with a child in crisis, EMPS, a free mobile... ... PRNewswire/ -- Effectively communicating with a child in crisis can be challenging. ... Since children can easily pickup on adults nonverbal cues, it is crucial for adults to remain calm when working to defuse a ... To help adults faced with a child in crisis, EMPS, a free mobile intervention service for children and adolescents in crisis ...
Adults so rarely murder children that psychiatrists and law enforcement officials dont have enough data to draw any ... Adults so rarely murder children that psychiatrists and law enforcement officials dont have enough data to draw any ... Because the murder of children is so rare, and the incidents in which they die are so varied, it is impossible to find any ... To put the frequency of child homicide in perspective, in 2008, there were 6.5 times as many 17 to 34-year-olds murdered in the ...
... and healthy kids. They need prayers that reach down into their hearts. ... Our adult children need prayers for more than a strong marriage, a secure job, ... and value time with their children more than time with their colleagues. We trust God to give our adult children eyes to see ... with our children, demonstrating that we are more concerned about our relationship with our kids than our kids relationship ...
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If a child may have ASD, they will be referred to a second evaluation with a team of doctors that may include:. *developmental ... If children have trouble adjusting to, or engaging with, daily activities or demonstrate other symptoms or differences in ... Parents or caregivers who notice a child may be developing slower, or differently, than expected should talk with a doctor. ... a doctor will perform a general developmental screening during routine well-child checkups at 9, 19, 24, and 30 months. Most ...
Adult kids fights always involve the folks. By Amy [email protected]. June 3, 2019. ... DEAR AMY: Help! I have three adult children, including two who are doctors. The past two gatherings turned ugly when my son got ... Your adult offspring are not bickering adolescents, but guests.. Your sons beliefs dont matter one whit while he is at your ...
The frequency of ABU in older adults is as follows [1] :. * Age 70 years or older in the community - 10.8 -16% in women, 3.6-19 ... Children. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is uncommon in the pediatric population (see Table 1 below) with a normal urinary ... Adults. In premenopausal and nonpregnant women, the frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is 1-5% and in postmenopausal ... In older adults with chronic urinary incontinence, ABU can be difficult to differentiate from symptomatic UTI. In such cases, ...
Shop all Young Adult books for high-concept fantasy, heart-wrenching reads, contemporary novels or award-winning funny tales, ... Welcome to Bloomsbury Childrens Books! Our books are well-loved by young readers and parents alike. In this section youll ... Books for 0-5 Books for 5+ Books for 7+ Books for 9+ Books for teens 11+ Young Adult ... Accessible Editions and Other Languages Adult Editions Box Sets and Gift Editions Companion Books Hogwarts House Editions ...
Parents Set the Pace for Their Adult Childrens Religious Life. "Handing Down the Faith" shows a vast majority of Americans ... The rates of mental and emotional troubles among youth are no higher than among adults. And most teenagers still look primarily ... most youth today have entirely bought into adult values and goals. The vast majority of teenagers and parents today get along ... which most children roughly adopt. Parents set a "glass ceiling" of religious commitment above which their children rarely rise ...
Medicine at Mass General for Children provides outstanding primary care and consultative care to adolescents and young adults. ... Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine. The Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine at Mass General for Children provides ... Your childs health and safety is our top priority. Learn more.. Overview. The Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine ... Adolescents and young adults, from 12 years of age though their 20s, may come to the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult ...
A recent study of parents estranged from adult children found that about a quarter of respondents were estranged from their ... Black adult children were less likely than White adult children to be estranged from their mothers but more likely to be ... A recent study of parents estranged from adult children, including 8,495 mother-child relationships and 8,119 father-child ... Coleman lists several reasons adult children cut ties. *Divorce: Sometimes, the ex-spouse turns the child against the other ...
AND...dont forget the kids. Childrens books for kids of all ages are plentiful. Share the story of Jesus birth or read a ... 4 out of 5 stars for All Creation Waits - Childrens Edition. View reviews of this product. 1 Reviews Video. ... 4.5 out of 5 stars for The Case for Christmas: A Journalist Investigates the Identity of the Child in the Manger. View reviews ... 4.5 out of 5 stars for The Case for Christmas: A Journalist Investigates the Identity of the Child in the Manger. View reviews ...
Suicide Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults -- United States, 1980-1992 Suicide was the fifth leading cause of years ... Report of the Secretarys Task Force on Youth Suicide. Volume 4: strategies for the prevention of youth suicide. Washington, DC ... children, adolescents, and young adults) committed suicide and, in 1992, persons in this age group accounted for 16.4% of all ... Although suicide among children is a rare event, the dramatic increase in the suicide rate among persons aged 10-14 years ...
In 4-H, youth-adult partnerships take many expressions. They may be achieved in youth and adults working cooperatively to lead ... Youth and adults engage as equals in planning, implementing, and evaluating programs that shape the development of youth, as ... Making It Work: A Guide to Successful Youth-Adult Partnerships (PDF) Publication from the Texas Network for Youth Services is ... and/or empowering the youth in their community. An increasing number of previously adult-only boards are soliciting youth ...
Children and adults with atopic dermatitis may be at increased risk for inflammatory bowel disease, researchers report. ... in adults and children with AD, as well as an increased risk for ulcerative colitis (UC) in adults with AD and in children with ... The authors used logistic regression to examine the risks for IBD, UC, and CD in children (ages 1-10) with AD, and in adults ( ... The risk for new-onset inflammatory bowel disease appears to be higher in children and adults with AD, and the risk varies ...
Because it is much smaller than an adult heart. The smaller the heart the faster it beats. The heart of a marathon runner for ... The reason an adults heart beats faster than a childs is because the adult has a bigger heart than a child so more blood can ... Why is a childs heart beat much faster than an adults?. As you age, your heart rate declines. Also, children usually have more ... Children have higher metabolic rates than adults.. Childrens hearts are smaller, thus the amount of blood expelled by each ...
... childrens books and top published books this year! ... 27 Classic Childrens Book Quotes Every Adult Needs To Hear. " ... Calling all book lovers! From books for kids to books for adults (and everything in between), weve got all the inspiration you ... "All grown-ups were once children... but only a few of them remember it." ...
... childrens books and top published books this year! ... 27 Classic Childrens Book Quotes Every Adult Needs To Hear. " ... Calling all book lovers! From books for kids to books for adults (and everything in between), weve got all the inspiration you ... "All grown-ups were once children... but only a few of them remember it." ...
As for the everyday fears that plague many mothers and fathers of adult children - over their kids apparently unhurried ... You and Your Adult Child: How to Grow Together in Challenging Times is a comforting reality check that many of us need. ... But stepping back and staying mum is the way to give your adult kids space to make their own decisions. It also signals that ... Neuroscientists have figured out that the young adult brain is highly malleable and receptive to its environment. Young adults ...
InstagramAdult star Angela White thrills cheeky fans as she turns mischievous elfAdult star Angela White, from Australia, ... The study by Travelzoo also found a fifth of the 1,000 adults polled prefer to visit less known areas because they can ... Alexandra Kadela, 26, from the UK shared her advice for keeping young children and babies happy while travelling - and shes ... I travel the world with my kids - it can be easy and cheap if you plan properly ...
A third of children aged between eight and 17 with a social media profile have an adult user age after signing up with a false ... Third of children have adult social media accounts according to Ofcom. The regulator has released a full report on the subject ... A report from broadcasting regulator Ofcom has revealed that one third of children have a false age of 18 or over on social ... According to Yonder Consulting, "the majority of children aged between eight and 17 (77 per cent) who use social media now have ...
Find scary-good deals on Childrens and Adults Bluey Costumes! No one does Halloween better than Spirit! SHOP NOW & SAVE! ... Bluey Costumes for Kids & Family. Shop Spirit Halloween for Bluey Costumes! If you want to dress up as your favorite Bluey ... Whether youre looking for a Bluey and Bingo costume or simply a kid Bluey costume, youll find it right here at Spirit ...
... could be segregated from other passengers on planes or banned from flying on certain flights if travellers who find youngsters ... Adult only flights: Airlines urged to spare passengers from noisy children. By Daily Mail Reporter Updated: 08:58 EST, 2 ... Share or comment on this article: BA, Virgin Atlantic and Emirates urged to ban children for adult-only flights. * ... He added that many airlines use the Boeing 747 plane, which has two decks and would make the separation of adults and children ...
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - adult; Rescue breathing and chest compressions - adult; Resuscitation - cardiopulmonary - adult ... Teach your child to watch for cars and ride bikes safely.. *Teach your child firearm safety. If you have guns in your home, ... Most children need CPR because of a preventable accident. The following tips may help prevent some accidents in children:. * ... Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - child 9 years and older; Rescue breathing and chest compressions - child 9 years and older; ...
Adults 2017 - Download as a PDF or view online for free ... Dr Sarah Meyer @ Meningitis & Septicaemia in Children & Adults ... Prof James Stuart @ MRFs Meningitis & Septicaemia in Children & Adults 2017. Nov. 23, 2017•0. likes•7,069. views ... Dr Matthew Colidron @ MRFs Meningitis & Septicaemia in Children & Adults 2017+Meningitis Research Foundation6.5K. views•13. ... Prof Rick Malley @ Meningitis & Septicaemia in Children & Adults 2017Meningitis Research Foundation7.3K. views•40. slides ...
"Children are getting heavier very fast. And we know that a heavy kid will most likely be a heavy adult," he concluded. ... Cite this: US Adult Obesity Rate Hits Almost 40%; Youth Rate Stays Stable - Medscape - Nov 13, 2015. ... The US obesity rate for adults has climbed to 37.7%, up from 32.2% 10 years ago, according to a report released Thursday by the ... Among the few neutral trends in the data gathered from 2011-2014 are the fact that the rate for youth obesity appears to have ...
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