5′ flanking region

Alpha-fetoprotein

ABCC3

DNA polymerase beta

Placental alkaline phosphatase

PLA2G4A

IRF2

PTK6

ADAMTS4

Factor XII

PAX7

Β-Glucuronidase

Anne M. Andrews

Endothelin A receptor

RGS3

Estrogen receptor alpha

Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor

Glycoside hydrolase family 59

RRM1

Phosducin

ACTR1A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Galactosylceramidase

Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor

TOP3A

CYP3A5

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor

TGF alpha

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta

Transcortin

Sequences7

• Enhancers are DNA sequences found in 5′ flanking regions of eukaryotic genes that affect transcription. (wikipedia.org)
• Silencers are DNA sequences found in the 5′ flanking region of eukaryotic genes, assisting in the silencing of a gene. (wikipedia.org)
• Transient expression of a luciferase reporter gene under the control of serially deleted 5'-flanking sequences revealed that the 52-base pair region from - 326 to -275 upstream of the transcription initiation site includes a positive cisacting element(s) for the efficient expression of hTOP3 gene. (elsevierpure.com)
• Phylogeny and evolution of selected primates as determined by sequences of the ɛ-globin locus and 5′ flanking regions. (nature.com)
• But hang on, the non-evo-devo people rightly cry, while mice and humans might have very similar sets of genes, the coding regions of those genes are not identical, and it is premature to claim that those differences are relatively insignificant … and we also know of variations in coding sequences that make big differences in fitness. (freethoughtblogs.com)
• The fragment contains the transcribed region plus 11.5 kb 5'-flanking and 5.5 kb 3'-flanking sequences including all known cis-regulatory elements and the 5' and 3' attachment elements (A-elements) which define the borders of the DNase I sensitive chromatin domain. (eur.nl)
• In addition, we sequenced 99 ospC flanking sequences from different lineages and compared the complete cp26 sequences of 11 strains as well as the cp26 bbb02 loci of 56 samples. (cdc.gov)

Genes10

• PI-2 is a 7-kb region located between the genes that in PI-2-containing isolates and the fi nding that isolates of encode peptidase T (PepT) and ferrochelatase (HemH) ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
• all identifi ed serotypes expressed highly conserved PI-2 pili The region is composed of 5 genes, which encode 2 sur- supports their potential as a vaccine candidate. (cdc.gov)
• This study demonstrates the utility of the human beta-PDE promoter for directing the expression of foreign genes to photoreceptors and suggests that the -297 to +53 beta-PDE 5' flanking region fragment may have important implications for therapeutic gene delivery to the visual cells. (nih.gov)
• In addition, mutations in the 5' flanking region common to both CYP2D6Ch genes were found. (aspetjournals.org)
• To evaluate the origin of the detrimental mutation in the genes, parts of the 5' flanking regions were introduced into a Hep G2/simian virus 40 expression system with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase as a reporter gene, and transfected cells were analyzed for activity. (aspetjournals.org)
• The coding regions are obviously important - they're what makes the actual meaty, bony, brainy part of the animal, or the leaves and roots and flowers of a plant - but the thing is, we primates share almost all of the same genes with a mouse, which makes one wonder what makes us different from a mouse. (freethoughtblogs.com)
• flanking region indicated the presence of a consensus motif that occurs in all milk-protein-encoding genes, except the kappa-casein-encoding gene. (eurekamag.com)
• Additional screens for MMTV provirus entry sites in tumors revealed several other upregulated genes that are associated with other gene development pathways such as INT2, INT3, and INT4 [4,5,6]. (chemdiv.com)
• Over time, OspC genes were transferred between strains through recombinations involving the whole or parts of the gene and one or both flanks. (cdc.gov)
• Acquisitions of OspC genes that are novel for the region confer to recipients unique identities to host immune systems and, presumably, selective advantage when immunity to existing types is widespread among hosts. (cdc.gov)

Exons3

• Exons 2 to 5 have been flanked by loxP sites (size of loxP-flanked region is 5.0 kb). (taconic.com)
• Cre mediated deletion of exons 2 to 5 should result in loss of function of the Nfe2l2 gene by deleting most of the gene. (taconic.com)
• Search for any CsGDBgene or aligned sequence by ID or keyword , and download complete sequence or flanking 5' or 3' regions, exons, or introns (FASTA format). (plantgdb.org)

Transcriptional1

• untranslated region, lacked TATA and CCAAT boxes, and had multiple transcriptional start sites. (eurekamag.com)

Translation initiation codon1

• To investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating sst2 gene expression, we cloned the upstream region (9.5 kb) from the translation initiation codon of the rat sst2 gene. (eurekamag.com)

Fragment2

• A construct containing the bacterial LacZ gene driven by a fragment of the beta-PDE 5' flanking region (-297 to +53) was used to generate transgenic mice. (nih.gov)
• Three independently derived transgenic lines were generated carrying the -297 to +53 beta-PDE 5' flanking region fragment. (nih.gov)

SNPs3

• Flanking SNPs are Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that appear in the flanking region. (wikipedia.org)
• Studies are generally limited to examination of individual regions or overlapping single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and open chromatin peaks with limited investigation into how these regulatory elements combine to affect gene transcription 1 , 2 . (elifesciences.org)
• Analysis of transcription factor (TF) and ChIP- seq datasets identified overlap of 70 SNPs with TF binding regions of relevant lung cell lines (e.g. (cdc.gov)

Polymorphisms5

• Polymorphisms in this region can lead to changes in the regulation of transcription. (wikipedia.org)
• Polymorphisms in the 5′ flanking region of the DRD4 gene have been linked to ADHD, schizophrenia and methamphetamine abuse. (wikipedia.org)
• Polymorphisms in the 5′ flanking region of the gene coding for oxytocin have been linked to mutations in promoter function, ultimately leading to potential disorders related to altered oxytocin levels and functionality. (wikipedia.org)
• Polymorphisms in the 5' flanking region of IL12RB2 are associated with susceptibility to periodontal diseases in the Japanese population. (bvsalud.org)
• The gene polymorphisms of the 5' flanking region of IL12RB2 were examined in subjects with several types of periodontal disease and in healthy controls. (bvsalud.org)

Genetic1

• 1999, PI-2-containing isolates were of the same serotypes kb genetic region present in 21%-27% of clinical isolates, but accounted for only 3.6% of all invasive isolates. (cdc.gov)

Deletion1

• Analysis of 5' promoter deletion mutants revealed that the region from -441 to +118, relative to the transcription initiation site, is sufficient to establish high level promoter activity. (nih.gov)

Loci1

• Based on a previous GWAS study, 14 DA associated loci and flanking regions were selected for NGS (6,996,180 base pairs). (cdc.gov)

MRNA2

• Additionally, the 5′ and 3′ UTRs flanking the coding region regulate mRNA translation, half-life, and subcellular localization [2]. (researchgate.net)
• It is also possible that the MUC17 might be post-transcriptionally regulated by miRNA targeting to the 3'-untranslated region of its mRNA. (nih.gov)

Functional4

• Not to be confused with the 5′ untranslated region, this region is not transcribed into RNA or translated into a functional protein. (wikipedia.org)
• but only two of these, an Arg101Stop mutation in exon 2, and an Arg257Cys variation in exon 5, are known to have functional consequences. (aspetjournals.org)
• The functional part of the genome can be roughly broken down into two components: the coding regions, or the actual bit of DNA that is transcribed and translated into working proteins, and the subset of the non-coding regions that are involved in regulating gene expression. (freethoughtblogs.com)
• This 5' flanking region is a functional promoter of the PDGF alpha R gene as concluded from its capacity to drive luciferase reporter gene expression in an orientation dependent way. (nih.gov)

Epigenetic1

• Many have used a 100 to 500 kb flanking window around a gene to encapsulate the landscape of local epigenetic effects 3 - 5 . (elifesciences.org)

Renal2

• In men, pain in the left flank may arise due to problems like : Left flank pain in women may be a result of problems like: In both men and women, painful symptoms may arise due to other reasons like : Severe colicky flank pain that radiates to the groin, scrotum and the labia may be a result of Acute Renal Colic. (rio-negocios.com)
• About 5% of renal masses that are initially thought to be Wilms tumor are subsequently diagnosed as another condition. (medscape.com)

Acids1

• [5] The mechanism by which the glucosidase cleaves the α -1,6-linkage is not fully known because the amino acids in the active site have not yet been identified. (wikidoc.org)

Promoter regions1

• Transient transfection analysis with deleted mutants of a luciferase reporter construct showed that the promoter activity was regulated negatively and positively in the distal and proximal promoter regions, respectively. (eurekamag.com)

Highly conserved1

• Ser amino acid substitution in a region that is a highly conserved in cytochromes P450 belonging to gene families 1 and 2. (aspetjournals.org)

Cloning1

• This study describes the molecular cloning of the non-coding exon 1 and approximately 2 kb of 5' flanking region of the human PDGF alpha R gene. (nih.gov)

Distal1

• Furthermore, a series of partial deletions of the 5′-flanking region illustrated that both the proximal and distal clusters of PXREs are required for maximal induction of rat oatp2 by PCN. (aspetjournals.org)

Reporter gene2

• Photoreceptor-specific reporter gene expression is driven in vivo by a 350-bp segment of the beta-PDE 5' flanking sequence. (nih.gov)
• Approximately 8700 base pairs (bp) of the 5′-flanking region of the rat oatp2 gene were linked to the luciferase reporter gene and used in transient transfection assays in H4IIE cells. (aspetjournals.org)

Genomic region2

• For any specified genomic region , download genomic DNA (FASTA format), all aligned/computed transcripts or proteins (FASTA format), or all genome annotations (GenBank, GFF3 or EMBL format). (plantgdb.org)
• Sequence analysis tools accessed from the Genome Context View menu use the current genomic region as input. (plantgdb.org)

Kidney5

• Flank pain has many possible causes, including a kidney stone, a urinary tract infection, or back strain. (rio-negocios.com)
• If you have flank pain and fever, chills, blood in the urine, or frequent or urgent urination, then a kidney problem is the likely cause. (rio-negocios.com)
• Aching flank pain associated with a kidney infection usually begins suddenly, persists and is accompanied by fever, chills, abdominal pain, and na… Analgesics (pain relieving medicines) and high intake of fluids can help in case stones are diagnosed in kidneys. (rio-negocios.com)
• There are common causes of flank pain that can affect both sides-like issues with the kidney or ureters. (rio-negocios.com)
• In most cases, there will be a solitary tumor in one kidney, but 5-13% of children have bilateral tumors and 10% have multifocal tumors in a single kidney. (medscape.com)

Upstream region1

• A part of the upstream region of base pairs -1407 to -1068 was found to constitute an enhancer element, but the CYP2D6Ch-specific mutations did not influence the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in the expression system. (aspetjournals.org)

Regulatory3

• In eukaryotes, the 5′ flanking region has a complex set of regulatory elements such as enhancers, silencers, and promoters. (wikipedia.org)
• We find 116 887 and 137 557 nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) in human and mouse FGCs, covering a large set of germline-specific and highly dynamic regulatory genomic elements, such as enhancers. (nature.com)
• Evo-devo proponents have been arguing that the most important changes in evolution have been in the regulatory elements of the genome, in particular the stretches of DNA called cis-regulatory elements (CREs) that flank the coding regions. (freethoughtblogs.com)

Allele1

• It was shown that the H19 ICR displays unique chromatin conformation features with nuclease hypersensitive sites in linker elements flanked by positioned nucleosomes on the maternally derived allele. (kb.se)

Abstract1

• abstract = "Two DNA probes isolated from the region 5′ to the HLA-B gene are described. (umn.edu)

Diagnosis1

• tic and mesenteric regions as well as the Diagnosis of perianal tuberculosis is hilar portion of the liver. (who.int)

Protein4

• The 5′ flanking region contains the promoter, and may contain enhancers or other protein binding sites. (wikipedia.org)
• A specific transcription factor called CAAT-binding protein binds to this region and aids in transcription in eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
• Short-term activation of protein kinase C by 5 min exposure to PMA caused an acute increase in Na/H antiporter activity that was not prevented by cycloheximide or actinomycin D and did not persist 24 h later. (jci.org)
• Spliced alignment of user-specified protein datasets to genomic DNA from any region in CsGDB. (plantgdb.org)

Years1

• MolPharm articles become freely available 12 months after publication, and remain freely available for 5 years. (aspetjournals.org)

Months2

• [ 6 ] At 5 months old, adduction of both thumbs was recognized, and at age 18 months, a chest abnormality was noticed. (medscape.com)
• HIV positive 5 months before admission. (who.int)

Found2

• Other promoter elements found in eukaryotic 5′ flanking regions include initiator elements, downstream core promoter element, CAAT box, and the GC box. (wikipedia.org)
• Autoimmune antiidiotype-like antibody (Ab2) directed against anti-HIV-1gp120 (Ab1) was found in high titer in the sera of 10 consecutive homosexual and 11 narcotic addict HIV-1-related immunologic thrombocytopenia (HIV-1-ITP) patients, was barely detectable in 10 nonthrombocytopenic HIV-1 sero-positive individuals, and was not detectable in 5 normal subjects by use of a solid-phase RIA. (jci.org)

Transcription6

• These regions primarily function in the regulation of gene transcription. (wikipedia.org)
• If a transcription factor binds to an enhancer in a 5′ flanking region, the DNA strand bends in a way that the transcription factor that is bound to the enhancer can also bind the promoter of a gene. (wikipedia.org)
• It is typically 10 nucleotides long, and is present -30 to -20 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start site, in the core promoter region. (wikipedia.org)
• Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to these regions to align itself and begin transcription. (wikipedia.org)
• On the basis of gel mobility shift and supershift assays, we demonstrated that both YY1 and USF1 transcription factors can bind to the 52-base pair region. (elsevierpure.com)
• This effect is mediated through specific transcription factor binding within the -52/+118 region of the PDGF alpha R gene. (nih.gov)

Elements1

• Four potential PXR response elements (PXREs) were identified in the 5′-flanking region of the rat oatp2 gene. (aspetjournals.org)

High1

• One of these, pCH6, detects a TaqI polymorphism which is correlated with serological alleles of HLA-B. Both probes are used to show a high level of DNA sequence homology between the 5′ flanking region of HLA-B and HLA-C. (umn.edu)

Occurs1

• In physiologic jaundice, the peak total serum bilirubin level is 5-6 mg/dL (86-103 µmol/L), occurs at 48-120 hours of age, and does not exceed 17-18 mg/dL (291-308 µmol/L). (medscape.com)

Control1

• These features are governed by a 2.2 kb differentially methylated domain, hereafter termed imprinting control region (ICR) in the 5'-flank of the H19 gene. (kb.se)

Patient1

• At age 3, the patient had kyphosis, and an abnormal gait was present by age 5. (medscape.com)

Geographic2

• The depending on the geographic region analyzed. (cdc.gov)
• Three overlapping but distinct populations of B. burgdorferi corresponded to the geographic regions. (cdc.gov)

Cells1

• For example, miR-552 promotes cell proliferative rate of laryngocarcinoma cells by modulating p53 signaling [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

Immediately1

• If you are suffering from a persisting pain in the flanks, immediately get in touch with an experienced health-care provider. (rio-negocios.com)

Single1

• To elucidate the role of the cell -mediated immune (CMI) response in the pathogenesis of periodontitis , Japanese periodontal patients were subjected to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses of the 5' flanking region of IL12RB2, whose variants are frequently detected in lepromatous leprosy patients , in which the very weak cellular immune response is caused by low expression of IL-12Rbeta2. (bvsalud.org)

Bind1

• The ability of the upstream regions to bind nuclear factors was also evaluated using gel-shift analysis. (aspetjournals.org)

Role1

• Our results indicate that DNA methylation and histone H3-K9 modification in the 5' flanking region play a critical role in MUC17 expression. (nih.gov)

Positive2

• fi ned area, we examined 590 S. pneumoniae isolates from Pili have recently been identifi ed on several gram- population-based surveillance of invasive pneumococcal positive bacteria ( 5 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
• Involvement of the perianal region in tu- men from the anal ulcer was positive for berculosis is a rare extrapulmonary form acid-fast bacilli and Mycobacterium tub of this disease. (who.int)

Expression2

• To understand the mechanisms responsible for regulating hTOP3 expression, we have cloned the 5'-flanking region of the gene coding for the hTOP3 and analyzed its promoter activity. (elsevierpure.com)
• In this study the cell specificity and expression pattern conferred by the short beta-PDE 5' flanking sequence in vivo were examined. (nih.gov)