Processes that incorporate some element of randomness, used particularly to refer to a time series of random variables.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

A stochastic process such that the conditional probability distribution for a state at any future instant, given the present state, is unaffected by any additional knowledge of the past history of the system.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.

The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

In statistics, a technique for numerically approximating the solution of a mathematical problem by studying the distribution of some random variable, often generated by a computer. The name alludes to the randomness characteristic of the games of chance played at the gambling casinos in Monte Carlo. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.