Genetic Load
The relative amount by which the average fitness of a POPULATION is lowered, due to the presence of GENES that decrease survival, compared to the GENOTYPE with maximum or optimal fitness. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Genetics, Population
The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.
Self-Fertilization
Models, Genetic
Breeding
Crosses, Genetic
Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.
Pollination
The transfer of POLLEN grains (male gametes) to the plant ovule (female gamete).
Hybrid Vigor
The adaptive superiority of the heterozygous GENOTYPE with respect to one or more characters in comparison with the corresponding HOMOZYGOTE.
Selection, Genetic
Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.
Microsatellite Repeats
Genetic Fitness
The capability of an organism to survive and reproduce. The phenotypic expression of the genotype in a particular environment determines how genetically fit an organism will be.
Antelopes
Endangered Species
Mating Preference, Animal
Heterozygote
An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.
Pedigree
Solanum
Population Dynamics
Asclepiadaceae
Quantitative Trait, Heritable
Fertility
Biological Evolution
Gene Flow
The change in gene frequency in a population due to migration of gametes or individuals (ANIMAL MIGRATION) across population barriers. In contrast, in GENETIC DRIFT the cause of gene frequency changes are not a result of population or gamete movement.
Dipsacaceae
Alleles
Animals, Zoo
Silene
A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name of campion is also used with LYCHNIS. The common name of 'pink' can be confused with other plants.
Homozygote
An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.
Environment
Conservation of Natural Resources
The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.
Seeds
Founder Effect
A phenomenon that is observed when a small subgroup of a larger POPULATION establishes itself as a separate and isolated entity. The subgroup's GENE POOL carries only a fraction of the genetic diversity of the parental population resulting in an increased frequency of certain diseases in the subgroup, especially those diseases known to be autosomal recessive.
Cold-Shock Response
Genotype
The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.
Animals, Domestic
Animals which have become adapted through breeding in captivity to a life intimately associated with humans. They include animals domesticated by humans to live and breed in a tame condition on farms or ranches for economic reasons, including LIVESTOCK (specifically CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; etc.), POULTRY; and those raised or kept for pleasure and companionship, e.g., PETS; or specifically DOGS; CATS; etc.
Gene Frequency
Hermaphroditic Organisms
Animals and plants which have, as their normal mode of reproduction, both male and female sex organs in the same individual.
Lychnis
A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name "Campion" is also used with SILENE.
Animals, Wild
Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.
Angiosperms
Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.
Genetic Markers
Acacia
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The gums and tanning agents obtained from Acacia are called GUM ARABIC. The common name of catechu is more often used for Areca catechu (ARECA).
Reproductive Isolation
Mechanisms that prevent different populations from exchanging genes (GENE FLOW), resulting in or maintaining GENETIC SPECIATION. It can either prevent mating to take place or ensure that any offspring produced is either inviable or sterile, thereby preventing further REPRODUCTION.
Geography
Canidae
Boraginaceae
The Borage plant family is in the class Magnoliopsida, subclass Asteridae, order Lamiales. It is characterized by hairy foliage, usually alternate and simple; flowers are funnel-shaped or tubular. Some of the species contain PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS.